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Landscape Design Manual
City of Palm Desert
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
I. Introduction B. Water Calculations
II. Purpose (1) Water conservation in the design
(2) Irrigation Designdesign
III. Organization
VI. Part Three: City Approval Process
IV. Part One: Desert Landscape Design Principles
A. Landscape plans that require City approval
A. Design Criteria B. Types of landscape review
C. Submittal Requirementsrequirements
(1) Texture D. City Approval Process Flow Chart
(2) Movement
(3) Color VII.Part Four: Appendix
(4) Placement
(5) Inorganics A. Palm Desert Environment
B. Plant Materials in the “Below Groundground”, “Ground (1) Temperature
Levellevel” (2) Soils
And and “Above Groundground” environments: (3) Wind
(4) Water
(1) Trees
(2) Shrubs B. Maintenance
(3) Groundcovers
(1) Pruning
V. Part Two: Design Process (2) Scalping
A. Site analysis C. Irrigation
(1) Topography D. Green Wastewaste
(2) Light / shadow E. List of City landscape related Ordinancesordinances
(3) Wind
(4) Subterranean infrastructure (existing and VIII. Part Five: Glossary
proposed)
IX. References and Links
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
Landscape is a key element in the definition and preservation of a city’s character. The commitment to retain the unique aesthetic standards of
the desert has long been a vision of the City of Palm Desert and progressive environmental programs, many of which are the first of their kind ever
instituted in the region, are firmly established in the City. In order to uphold the distinctive beauty of the city’s scenery, an exceptional
environmental approach is necessary. Progressive environmental programs, many of which are the first ever instituted in the region, are firmly
established within the City.
The visual consequence of the City’s built environment is a priority for residential and commercial property owners who aim for a quality life
experience. To meet this goal, the City has set standards to promote preservation and conservation, as evidenced in its water efficiency programs,
energy conservation and recycling efforts. Through the promotion ofPromoting and following the principles offered in the this Landscape Design
Manual, it is anticipated that planting design will lead to make a lasting aesthetic and a sustainable contribution to the Citycommunity.
II. PURPOSE
The purpose of the Landscape Design Manual is to supply guidelines for creating appealing, enduring and desert-appropriate landscapes while
remaining mindful of water conservation principles and the effects of microclimate on the environment. The manual is written to assist landscape
architects, irrigation designers, contractors, project planners, and the public in the selection of suitable plant materials that will successfully grow,
be easily maintained, and be efficiently reviewed and permitted by the City’s departments.
The Landscape Design Manual is intended to be applied to Single-Family Master Plan, Multi-Family, Commercial, Mixed Use, and Industrial
developments. The manual is also intended to assist those applicants who are wishing to renovate and retrofit existing landscape on their
property.
III. ORGANIZATION
The Landscape Design Manual is organized into three main sections, Desert Landscape Design Principles, Design Process, and the City Approval
Process. The manual also includes a glossary for reference on terminology and an appendix for containing an illustrated background of the city’s
City’s environment. Finally, a reference list of landscape-related City ordinances is included.
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria
Part one of the manual, Desert Landscape Design Principles,
includes a description of five Design Criteria against which all plans
for proposed landscape construction will be evaluated. Meeting the
following Design Criteria provides sufficient basis for a successful
planting design:
(1) Texture
(2) Movement
(3) Color
(4) Placement
(5) Inorganics
Each of the above criteria is described in further detail in the pages
that follow. Examples of how to successfully satisfy the criteria are
offered. To gain approval, a design must use an effective
combination of all design criteria that results in an approvable
design. in each design criteria, and must additionally comply with all
aspects of the water usage, parking lot and shade tree ordinances. A
list of applicable City Landscapelandscape-related ordinances is
included in the Appendix.
.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
Sketches and photographs are provided to define the five “Design
Criteria” and further illustrate how to successfully incorporate
these criteria into a successful and sustainable landscape. The
Landscape Design Manual recommends that plant material be
specified from, or be similar species in type and water needs asto,
those listed in the City’s Desert Flora Palette booklet.
This space is reserved for one
Following the “Design Criteria” section, a section to discuss the
photograph or sketch to show
use of “Plant Materials” in design is included. Specification of trees,
typical illustration in book
shrubs and groundcovers are reviewed not only for their success in
meeting the five “Design Criteria”, but also for the way in which
they are designed to fit within the physical limitations of the built
environment.
These limitations are based on below ground, ground level, and
above ground conditions and restrictions. A description of these
typical environments is included with illustrations.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(1) Texture
The use of differing textures in outdoor spatial design adds surface
variety. Texture can be used to direct the eye toward bold
punctuations or soft flowing momentum. Following the principles
of coarseness versus fine textures and the principle of loose
clustering can help achieve a balanced use of texture.
Coarse vs. Fine textures:
Coarse and fine qualities in the landscape are created by differences
in leaf size, in the mass and void of foliage, bulk and narrowness of
tree trunks and branches, and strength and size of flowers. Textures
are sometimes perceived differently by the quantity of light as it
changes during the day. Strong structural pieces such as Agave
This space is reserved for one or
agave are considered coarse. Bougainvillea, with its contrast of bare
bark and sporadic profusion of colored-bracts, is also considered
more example of coarse vs. fine
coarse in quality.
texture, can be simple
Rough, coarse textures tend to create an informal mood and are
photographs or can be sketched.
visually dominant, while fine, smooth textures are associated with
formal, elegant, subdued moods and are visually more passive. Fine-
textured plants are visually translated as being farther away, so fine
textures can be a tool for providing a sense of expanse in a small
garden and making the space appear larger.
On the other hand, tThe predominance of coarse-textured plants
make a garden space appear smaller. Strong textural contrasts add
drama and interest to a garden. Structural plants such as cactus,
yucca, agave, ocotillo interspersed with fine-foliage plants and
inorganic materials are ways of adding textural interest to any
space.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
This space is reserved for one
(1) Texture continued
example of loose clustering
can be simple photographs or
Loose Clustering:
can be sketched.
While the city discourages the landscape design technique of mass
planting, or unnatural bulk grouping, (a style more common in
wetter climates), the natural pattern of the desert habitat does
include the concept of loose clustering of similar species. This
concept can add texturally to any design, whether using coarse or
fine materials.
How to achieve an acceptable level of texture in landscape design:
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• Combine plants of differing leaf sizes placed in clusters of same
successful illustration of the
against different.
use of texture in design. It can
• Utilize plants whose structural patterns vary – (for example, tree
be simple photographs or can
trunks with widely spaced branches, with trunks whose branching
pattern is upright and tight).
be sketched.
• Place coarse plants only in larger landscapes where they can be
appreciated from a distance.
• Vary leaf size, growth pattern seasonal color, etc., utilizing a sense
of unplanted ground space to accentuate the plant selection.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(2) Three-Dimensional Movement
Movement is measured by the sequence and hierarchy of
plant material or inorganic decorative elements as the eye
dances over the landscape. Movement refers to the rhythms
that can develop when line, form, texture, and color are
changed in a consistent way to lead in a particular direction or
to a point of focus. Sequence helps to connect the various
design elements. It can be achieved through repetition, being
This space is reserved for
careful to avoid a monotonous repeatmonotony; or by
progression or hierarchy, such as using textures in graded
examples of focal points,
steps from fine to coarse; or by alternating or repeating of two
mounds, and berms. This can
or more contrasting features; or finally by using highlighting
size differences. Even topographically Topographical changes,
be illustrated with simple
including the use of mounds, berms or swales, can also create
photographs or can be
the a sense of movement, . for example, by the use of
sketches.
mounds, berms or swales.
Focal Points:
The application of focal points in a landscape design conveys a
sense of order. It is best achieved by utilizing movement to
direct the eye to a specimen tree or sculpture, fountain or
other marker. Plant material focal points are listed in the
City’s booklet Desert Flora Palette as “Accents.”
.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(2) Three-Dimensional Movement continued
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Rhythm:
one example of sequencing
Rhythm implies a recognizable pattern. Whether symmetrical or
not, shapes and volumes should convey movement through a
of vertical elements and can
rhythmic pattern. For example, as the eye moves through the
be simple photographs or can
landscape there should be deliberate reasons for large passages of
space and the deliberate spacing may or may not remain consistent
be sketched.
throughout.
Sequencing of vertical and horizontal elements:
In order to create three-dimensional movement a designer should
be familiar with the growth patterns of their plant choices.
Designers should be able to illustrate in section how a particular
proposed plant community will interact to create a three-
dimensional relationship.
This space can be used to
How to achieve an acceptable level of Three-Dimensional
illustrate a few examples of
Movement:
successful use of three-
• Specify plant material of differing heights and shapes.
dimensional movement.
• Utilize color to move the eye.
• Propose an accent plant where appropriate.
Preferably a photograph of
• Create patterns with repetition of shapes, or volumes of plants
a full-grown design
in sequence.
• Artificially enhance soil surface elevations through the use of
mounds, berms or swales.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(3) Color
The most environmentally successful plantings are those which that
best align with the existing natural vegetation. However, species are
available in nurseries that provide Nurseries do offer species that
provide a rich color range that would remain and complementary to
the hues found in the desert’s natural environment. Check with
theThe City’s booklet Desert Flora Palette booklet can help serve as
a guide.
This space is reserved for
Natural desert color palette:
examples of color, natural
The natural desert foliage or leaf color ranges from gray, gray green
desert palettes, seasonal and
to olive and bright green. Succulents can be blue gray to purple.
Desert plants bloom typically in red, orange and yellow. Pinks and
contrasting color. Best
purples blooms are not as common. Environmentally, the choices
illustrated with photographs.
for color are most suitable when they are capable of withstanding
the climate. Therefore, emulating the desert’s vegetation is the best
choice rather than choosing “annual” color from a different climate
zone.
Dynamic/seasonal:
Designing with the natural flow of the seasons is the most suitable
choice for the desert climate. Therefore, there are manyThis means
more blooms in the late winter and early spring but and fewer in
the summer or fall.
Contrast:
It is recommended to utilize cContrasting colors to create balance
and interest. Limiting specification to a A single color theme results
in an untypical atypical desert arrangement. Sites that are designed
with all blooms occurring at the same time are also discouraged.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
•
A. Design Criteria continued
(3) Color
Light and shade effects:
Some colors have greater impact when placed in the shade while
other colors are more intense in the sunlight. It is recommended
that the designers know their plant materials sufficiently to
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underscore color with optimum placement.
examples of light and shade
How to achieve an acceptable level of color placement
effects of color, and perhaps
a few examples of how to
• Consider color as having a purposeful placement in the landscape
plan.
achieve an acceptable level
of color placement. This can
• Consider the source of color of the plants specified, i.e., the bark
of trees, leaves of shrubs, blooms of perennials and stems and
be best illustrated with
bodies of succulent plants.
photographs.
• Design by placing strong colors as accents in the landscape.
• Choose plants for their contrast of color such as orange and
purple, or for sequential blooming periods throughout the year.
• Alternate strong and subtle colors with subtle.
• Avoid monochromatic palettes unless they are part of a larger
design scheme.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(4) Plant Spacing and Massing
The City of Palm Desert has a long established a tradition of
environmental sustainability. Successfully spacing of plants assures
the ease of maintenance, longevity, and sustainability of in your
design. When reviewing landscape plans, the principles of
sustainability with respect to maintenance, green waste, and water
This space is reserved for examples of
conservation are priorities. Therefore, City staff will look for over-all
consistency with respect to long-term maintenance of a proposed
plant spacing in accordance with the
planting design.
desert’s natural growth pattern, and
The desert’s natural growth pattern:
perhaps a few examples of how to
achieve an acceptable level of spacing.
The desert’s natural growth pattern is characterized by casual
This can be simple photographs or can
clusters of living plants grouped with boulders and cobble.
Randomly, tThese organic and inorganic clusters can include
be sketches (Perhaps also an example
random large shrubs and/or mature trees.
of when mass plating is acceptable).
In the naturally occurring desert landscape, living plant materials
grow out of wide expanses of rocky soils and sand. Occasionally,
boulders and other groups of rocks gather in lower spots of the
landscape. This pattern emerges due to gravity’s effect on slopes
where water drainage and cobble erosion settle.
When mass planting is acceptable:
Although large areas of mass plantings are considered inconsistent
with desert landscape design, certain site and project specifics may
warrant small accent areas of mass planting. Therefore, mMass
planting will be considered if it serves a clear and unique design
purpose that highlights a specific architectural or site feature. and
that all cCombined mass planted areas should not comprise not
more than ten percent of the total landscaped area
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(4) Plant Spacing and Massing continued
How to achieve an acceptable level of plant spacing:
• Design with random patterns that employ a balanced use of
This space reserved for examples
unplanted areas and areas utilizing boulders, living groundcovers,
shrubs and trees.
of how to achieve an acceptable
level of plant spacing in
• Use care when spacing for the use of public art, monument signs,
accordance with the desert’s
meandering walks, or other unnatural materials.
natural growth pattern.
• Be mindful of “edges.”.
• Design to create easily maintained clusters, aware of and
consider the plants’ full limits.
• Leaving negative or unplanted space is acceptable.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(5) Inorganic Materials
So much of what characterizes the natural desert landscape is the
rugged contrast of plant life against inert rocks, boulders and sandy
soils. Nature’s placement of these boulders and their natural
decomposition also plays a role in reflecting heat away from plant
roots.
This space is reserved for examples of
Unlike tropical environments where plant materials completely
cover and smooth out most small topographic features, the natural
inorganic materials and how they
designs of the desert leave landforms, surface colors and textures
typically appear or are applied in the
clearly exposed. Natural features include; : dry streambeds, dunes,
eroded ridges and rock outcroppings.
desert gardens.
Since most grading plans include drainage swales, they can be
incorporated as dry streambeds. By combining streams and
mounds of varying sizes, yards can be divided into three to five3-5
zones where other contrasting elements can focus attention.
Since desert landscapes inherently involve fewer plants (which
initially are very small) and large areas of open unplanted space; ,
every aspect of the design must contribute interest and diversity to
the overall plan
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(5) Inorganic Materials continued
Natural Placement vs. Artificial Design
The goal of desert design must be to minimize water usage while
maximizing the aesthetic impact of indigenous desert materials,
that is, a balance of both organic (plants) and inorganic (gravel and
boulders) with surface topography. Studying the natural placement
This space is reserved for examples of
of both organic and inorganic materials as they occur on the valley
floor and desert slopes, we see that the desert landscape inherently
inorganic materials in natural and
involves fewer plants (which initially are very small) and large areas
artificial applications. Best illustrated
of open unplanted space. However, these areas have a random
with photographs.
natural placement that is neither symmetrical nor predictable.
Natural placement is the consequence of natural systems and
forces. For example, gravity, erosion, the presence of water or
shade, etc. are forces that shape the physical horizons we
experience each day in the desert.
Artificial design follows a deliberate symmetry, a pattern imposed
by human aesthetics. This type of design contradicts the casual
succession of vegetation, rock, and random topography, and thus
forces an artificial order to the garden.
Every aspect of the design must contribute interest and diversity to
the overall plan.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Design Criteria continued
(5) Inorganic Materials continued
Color enhancement and harmony
The purpose of utilizing cobble and decomposed granite as a
decorative element is to both create a stabilization for thestabilize
sandy soils and to assist surface water to drain rather than be
evaporated from the soil’s surface. Shape and color choices serve
This space is reserved for examples
to create contrasts that can be complementary and further the
aesthetic and sustainable intent of a landscape design.
of inorganic materials in color and
harmony. Best illustrated with
It is recommended that color choices be made congruent with
photographs.
natural soil colors. However, there are places in the desert where
darker inorganic materials occur. and These darker colors can help
to brightly provide bright contrast with succulents. These Such
colors would be considered on a case by case basis, and approved
for their aesthetic functionality.
Harmony is achieved when the designer is mindful of stone and
cobble shapes and the source of their formation in nature.
Generally speaking, round stones are river-formed while jagged-
edged rocks are formed by the natural decomposition of fragments
in a dry environment. Utilizing river rock is acceptable when the
design adheres to an arroyo theme, for example.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A, Design Criteria continued
(5) Inorganic Materials continued
How to achieve acceptable levels of inorganic materials
• A variety of rock sizes, from fine decomposed granite to gravel
and large boulders, adds interest to open unplanted areas,
without consuming any water.
• Utilize decomposed granite (DG) to add a variety of colors, texture
and to stabilize fine dusty native soils.
This space is reserved for examples
of how to achieve acceptable levels
• DG ranges in size from course sand to 3/8” minus with 11% fines.
Colors should incorporate a variety of compatible earth tones.
of inorganic materials. Best
illustrated with photographs.
• Since a goal of all desert design is to minimize heat gain, lighter
shades should predominate. Large gravel (2-3 inches) can be
mixed in to accentuate topographic variety. Rounded gravel and
cobble (2”-12”) are appropriate in streambeds.
• Large sharp edged rocks (8”-24”, or larger depending on size of
garden area) can be grouped on top of mounds to simulate
exposed outcroppings.
• Decomposed granite needs to be wetted and compacted during
installation to properly stabilize native soils. This process should
be specified on submitted plans.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant Materials
When considering an applicant’s plant material choices, the city will
utilize the following three environments to evaluate the
appropriateness of plant selection:
“Below ground”
“Ground level”
“Above ground”
Below ground:
The below ground environment includes the subterranean placement of
This space is reserved to illustrate
proposed or existing utilities, permanent water features or water
infiltration basins, and the remaining subterranean space on the project
the below, ground and above
site away from the structure footings. Good design includes specifying
environments. Best illustrated with
plant material that coordinates those items with the space required for
root system expansion, irrigation system placement and site percolation
sketches.
of the site.
Ground Level:
The ground level environment includes the hardscape (roadways,
parking lots, sidewalks, synthetic-pervious pathways, patios, pads for
public art, etc.) drainage swales, utility vaults, specified boulders,
decomposed granite and living ground-covering plants. At the ground
level, there still needs to be sufficient soil for the ground-covering plants
to spread and be properly irrigated.
Above ground:
Pedestrian, vehicular, and structural clearances are priorities.
Functionality of shade and aesthetic compatibility with the rest of
design are also evaluated.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant materials continued
When/where to use TREES:
Adequate space in all three environments is necessary and must be
planned in advance to allow for mature tree development and root
expansion. Trees are highly regarded for their shade and aesthetic
value. The recommended minimum tree box size specification for
commercial and residential developments is 24”. When specifying
TREES consider the following features:
This space is reserved to illustrate
Below ground :
the below, ground and above
• Soil type
• Infrastructure (utility tunnels, pipes, electrical, fiber optic)
environments for TREES. Best
• Existing or proposed hardscape and building foundations
illustrated with sketches.
• Swimming pools or decorative below grade water features
• Dry wells, catch basins, and drainage chambers
• Sometimes wWater tables or and proximity to major natural
watercourses
At Ground level :
• Easements
• Pavement preparation, and soil compaction
• Location of existing or proposed roads, sidewalks, bike
paths, and golf cart access, and handicap access
• Spread of non-turf ground cover
• Functional usage of turf
• Existing or proposed surface slopes, grades, and ditches
Above ground:
• Consider the remaining plant palette and the placement of
ground level plants that would require full sun or be
affected by tree litter.
• Account for trees whose narrowness, fullness, shade or height
could be a problem to any of the proposed design features at
ground level.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant Materials continued
When/where to use SHRUBS:
Allow Adequate adequate space in all three environments to allow
for mature shrub development and root expansion. This is
necessary and must be planned in advance. Most shrubs require
special maintenance, Despite despite their use in the landscape as
screens, as understory and foundation planting, as edge materials,
and for their color appeal, most shrubs require special maintenance.
This space is reserved to illustrate
Access for pruning, hedging and raking increases their long-term
the below, ground and above
aesthetic value. Shrub placement is primarily evaluated by its
growth pattern. When specifying SHRUBS consider the following environments for TREES. Best
features
illustrated with sketches.
Below ground:
• Soil type
• Infrastructure (utility tunnels, pipes, electrical, and fiber optic)
• Existing and/or proposed hardscape and building foundations
• Swimming Pools pools or and decorative below grade water
features
• Dry wells, catch basins, and drainage chambers
• Sometimes wWater tables or and proximity to major natural
watercourses
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant Materials continued
When/where to use SHRUBS continued:
At Ground level:
• Plant spread at full grown stage
This space is reserved to illustrate
• Evergreen, semi-deciduous, and deciduous
the below, ground and above
• Circulation clearances
environments for SHRUBS. Best
• Existing or proposed building and garden wall clearances
• Thorns or other difficult maintenance issues
illustrated with sketches.
Above ground:
• Shrubs are most instrumental in creating three-dimensional
movement; shrub height and texture are important factors in
evaluating acceptable placement.
• Bloom season
• Function in design ; – clustering, lineal, focal point, screen,
foundation planting, etc.
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IV. Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant Materials continued:
When/where to use GROUNDCOVER:
Adequate design in all three environments is necessary to grow
successful groundcover. Proper utilization of groundcover species in
the planting design will allow for proper infiltration of water, soil
stability, and plant health.
This space is reserved to
Groundcover, by the City of Palm Desert’s definition, is plant
illustrate the below ground
material whose that’s habit is prostrate (horizontal) and does not
includeing turf grass. Groundcovers are regarded for their ability to
and above environments for
provide color and greening, create a less dry, dusty environment,
GROUNDCOVER. Best
and provide refuge that promotes biodiversity. Groundcovers
actually stabilize erosion, contributing to improved water
illustrated with sketches.
infiltration.
When specifying GROUNDCOVER consider the following features
Below ground:
• Soil type
• Infrastructure (utility tunnels, pipes, electrical, and fiber optic)
• Existing and/or proposed hardscape and building foundations
• Swimming Pools or decorative below grade water features
• Dry wells, catch basins, and drainage chambers
• Sometimes wWater tables or proximity to major natural
watercourses
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Part One: DESERT LANDSCAPE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
B. Plant Materials continued:
When/where to use GROUNDCOVER continued
Features at Ground level:
• Groundcover spread at full grown stage
• Competitive elements, such as roots of proposed or existing trees
This space is reserved to
and shrubs
• Circulation clearances
illustrate the below ground
• Existing or proposed building and garden wall clearances
and above environments for
• Thorns or other difficult maintenance issues
GROUNDCOVER. Best
Features Above Ground Level:
illustrated with sketches.
• Specified groundcover should supply texture in design, but also
provide sufficient access for maintenance, for example, including
raking, weeding, and access to other plant materials.
• Offer adequate space to clear for pedestrians at walkways and to
clear walls, fences, barrier posts or and other vertical elements in
the landscape.
• Be planted to create an understory of color or contrast.
• Satisfy the requirement of creating dust and erosion control as an
above ground environmental concern.
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V. Part Two: DESIGN PROCESS
A. Site analysis
(1) Topography
The project site topography, in any planting design, is the first item
to analyze in planting design. Slopes, natural swales, or and hillsides
must be considered for successful plant development regarding
evenness ofand even irrigation delivery. Equally tThe flatness of a
site should be regarded a design feature that may might present
challenges.
(2) Light/Shadow
This space is reserved to illustrate
The orientation of a site with respect to the sun and the amount of
sunlight that the plantings will receive must be studied prior to
referenced topics of site analysis.
plant material specification. Most local nurseries will be able to
assist in the selection of plants that can sustain exposure to sun and
heat that is required as a result of due to the site’s orientation.
(3) Wind
A site’s Eexposure to high winds at the location would drive certain
should influence design elements to be specified, such as screens
and windbreaks. Also dDelicate plant material would be
discouraged if the wind area winds are is too strong to allow
longevity of the plantsplants to flourish. (See additional information
in the Appendix.)
(4) Subterranean infrastructure
The project site infrastructure must be included in the plans.
Allowances for what exists or is existing and proposed underground
and above ground features will determine what can be planted.
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V. Part Two: DESIGN PROCESS
B. Water Calculations
(1) Water Conservation in the design process
The City’s Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance requires that water
conservation be the cornerstone of the design criteria. The choice of
This space is reserved to illustrate water
plant type and number will determine if the design will meet the
conservation. A photograph of
ordinances’ water conservation criteria of the ordinance. Therefore,
any design must be built around plant water use. If turf is desired,
conservation measures or sample of
then very low and low water use shrubs and trees may need to
spread sheet could be used here.
should be used to meet the required water use criteria. Conversely,
if moderate and high water use shrubs are used in the design, then
the use of turf maybe limited or excluded total from the design.
The City has a spreadsheet available on its website that will help
designers calculate the Maximum Allowable Water Use and
Estimated Water Use of a landscape design. This spreadsheet uses
the Coachella Valley Water District’s Eto Zone Map and the WUCOLS
manual to calculate the two values.
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
V. Part Two: DESIGN PROCESS
B. Water calculations continued
(2) Irrigation Design
All irrigation designs shall be reviewed by City staff for compliance
with the City’s Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance. All designs
must account for different water use characteristics of plant
This space is reserved to illustrate
material. Turf, shrubs, and trees shall be on separate valves.
hydrozoning. Or can be used to
Hydrozoning shall be used wherever possible. If hydrozoning is
depict location and installation of
impractical due to space or cost constraints (such as street median
the irrigation system as part of the
planters), differences in water use can be addressed by using
emitters with different flow rates.
design process.
All shrubs shall should be irrigated by a drip system. Irrigation
controllers shall should be able to automatically adjust the irrigation
schedule according to weather changes in weather (“Smart”
capability). Soil moisture sensors can be used to meet the “Smart”
capability requirement.
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
VI. Part Three: City Approval Process
A. Landscape plans that require City approval
• New and retrofitted commercial and industrial projects
• Multi-family projects
• The common areas and model home yards of planned residential
developments.
B. Types of Landscape Review
There are two types of review the city administers to landscape
design projects:
(1) “Ministerial”
This space is reserved to illustrate
(2) “Discretionary”
perhaps a typical plan.
The first is the type of review, which is called “Ministerial” review,
does not require a public hearing, and is administered internally by
City staff through a plan check process. A flow chart illustrating in a
general manner the typical steps in this level of review is included in
the following pages of this section.
The second type, “Discretionary” of landscape review, which is
called “Discretionary”, requires a public hearing. A flow chart
illustrating generally the typical sequence of steps is included in the
following pages of this section. Both of the review processes require
that approximately the same level of information be submitted. In
both cases, pPlans that are legible and that sufficiently supply the
required information will ensure an easier approval under both
types of review. The sSubmittal requirements are listed on the
following page.
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VI. Part Three: City Approval Process
C. Submittal Requirements for both Discretionary and Ministerial (2) Design Sheets
Review (A) Site Plan
Same Title title block information as cover sheet
One set of preliminary landscape plans must be submitted to the Scope of work (existing vs. proposed)
Public Works Department concurrently with grading plans. Building footprints
Preliminary landscape plans must include, at a minimum, the Walls, fences, retaining walls, monument signs, etc.
following: Hardscape, pedestrian and vehicular paths
(1) Cover sheet (B) Planting Plan
Same title block information as cover sheet
(A) Vicinity map Plant Specificationsspecifications
Sheet Location location map /or sheet “Keykey” if several Size containers
sheets or phases Quantity
Scale Species: botanical and common name
Availability
(B) Project Data Symbol Legendlegend
Square foot Area area of project Square footage of: turf, shrubs, total landscape area
Zone Turf
Shrubs
(C) Title Block Total landscape area
Project name and number (distinguish between off-site and on-site)
Date of plan issue and/or submittal date
Address of the project (C) Irrigation Plan
North arrow Sleeving under hardscape
Name of the Llandscape Architectarchitect/Landscape
landscape Designerdesigner (D) Grading Plan
CITY OF PALM DESERT
LANDSCAPE DESIGN REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS
OF FINAL DOCS WITH AGRICULTURAL COMMISSIONER SUBMIT ASMAKE ANY REQUIRED CHANGES, AND SUBMIT 2 SETS REVISE ACCORDING TO COMMENTS AND SUBMIT TO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT AND LANDSCAPE INSPECTORPUBLIC
WORKS STAMPS AND DISTRIBUTES DOCS TO SUBMIT WORKING DRAWINGS TO PUBLIC WORKSSUBMIT APPLICATION AND PLANS TO PLANNING INCORPORATE COMMENTS AND PREPARE FINAL PUBLIC WORKS REVIEWS FOR
MUNICIPAL CODE PLANNING DEPARTMENT FOR PRELIMINARY PLANNING DEPARTMENT DISTRIBUTES TO CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY IS ISSUEDARC REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY DESIGNCOMPLIANCE AND DESIGN CONCEPT(May
require more than 1 meeting)PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW -CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTSBUILT DRAWINGS TO PUBLIC WORKS FOR LANDSCAPE FINAL APPROVALBUILDING PERMIT IS ISSUEDSTAMP TO PUBLIC WORKSLANDSCAPE
APPROVALCITY COUNCIL REVIEW DEPARTMENTS FOR RECORD PURPOSES30DEPARTMENT(if required)(if required)-DAY REVIEW
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
VI. Part Three: City Approval Process
D. City Approval Process Flow Chart
Ministerial Review
THE FLOW CHART FOR MINISTERIAL HAS
YET TO BE DEVISED. THE FLOW CHART
SHOWN IS ONLY FOR PLACE-HOLDING
PURPOSES (REMOVE THIS MESSAGE WHEN
INSERTED)
CITY OF PALM DESERT
LANDSCAPE DESIGN REVIEW AND APPROVAL PROCESS
OF FINAL DOCS WITH AGRICULTURAL COMMISSIONER SUBMIT ASMAKE ANY REQUIRED CHANGES, AND SUBMIT 2 SETS REVISE ACCORDING TO COMMENTS AND SUBMIT TO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT AND LANDSCAPE INSPECTORPUBLIC
WORKS STAMPS AND DISTRIBUTES DOCS TO SUBMIT WORKING DRAWINGS TO PUBLIC WORKSSUBMIT APPLICATION AND PLANS TO PLANNING INCORPORATE COMMENTS AND PREPARE FINAL PUBLIC WORKS REVIEWS FOR
MUNICIPAL CODE PLANNING DEPARTMENT FOR PRELIMINARY PLANNING DEPARTMENT DISTRIBUTES TO CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY IS ISSUEDARC REVIEW OF PRELIMINARY DESIGNCOMPLIANCE AND DESIGN CONCEPT(May
require more than 1 meeting)PLANNING COMMISSION REVIEW -CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTSBUILT DRAWINGS TO PUBLIC WORKS FOR LANDSCAPE FINAL APPROVALBUILDING PERMIT IS ISSUEDSTAMP TO PUBLIC WORKSLANDSCAPE
APPROVALCITY COUNCIL REVIEW DEPARTMENTS FOR RECORD PURPOSES30DEPARTMENT(if required)(if required)-DAY REVIEW
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
VI. Part Three: City Approval Process
D. City Approval Process Flow Chart
Discretionary Review
LEGEND:
APPLICANT ACTIVITIES IN ORANGE
CITY ACTIVITIES IN BLUE
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
Table of Contents
VII. Part Four: APPENDIX
A. Palm Desert Environment
(1) Temperature:
The City of Palm Desert is located in the Coachella Valley, a region characterized by mild winters and hot summers.
Day to night temperatures can fluctuate about more than 30 degrees. Summer plants can be exposed to
temperatures as high as 122˚ F. Winter temperatures can be as low as 13˚ F, with an average winter low of 42˚ F. The
City of Palm Desert is located at elevations that extend from 224 feet above sea level (at Highway 111 and San Pablo
Avenue), to over 1,000 feet. This extensive range includes a variety of landforms and conditions, including foothills,
sloping alluvial fans, the Cove, sand dunes, and a low plane.
(2) Soils:
There are four basic soil types within the City of Palm Desert. Rocky soils and decomposed granite predominate on
alluvial fans along the slopes of the mountains. In the northern part of the City, soils tend to be sandy. These three
soil types can be characterized asare typically fast draining and have a limited water holding capacity. In the plane
between the sand dunes and the foothills the soil is generally a tight, silty loam, which is very compact and requires
special attention to ensure proper drainage. All Palm Desertnative soils contain very little organic matter.
This space is reserved to illustrate perhaps typical
soils in the landscape.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(2) Soils Continued
Desert soils are quite different from the loam or clay soils found in
other regions. Because they are, fast- draining, people new to the
region must learn different watering cues and habits. Here, the
plants themselves, rather than the water pooled on the soil surface,
provide the best indication of when water is needed.
(3) Precipitation
The City of Palm Desert receives, on average, only 3.5 inches of rain
per year. Much of this rain falls during intense summer
thunderstorms, locally called Chubascos, which can result in gully-
washers and flash floods. In fact, rRather than hoping attempting to
put use this summer rainfall to use by directing it to plants in the
landscape, it is more prudent to move the torrent through the site
to minimize damage.
With such meager rainfall, supplemental irrigation is a necessity for
all landscapes, even those comprised of native desert plants. This is
especially true of newly planted plants plantings. However, in some
years sufficient autumn rainfall triggers brilliant displays of spring
wildflowers, found from in the Cabazon Pass and throughout the
valley. In such years, it is easy to see colorful displays of wildflowers
along roadways in undeveloped areas, carpeting the sand dunes
and covering vacant lots.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(4) Wind
Winds are most prevalent in the City of Palm Desert during late
winter and spring, . They typically comecoming through the San
Gorgonio Pass. They and fluctuate with the changing patterns of
westerly storms and coastal weather conditions. Winds tend to
follow the natural course set by the Whitewater River Channel and
are most pronounced in the northern part of the City. Thermal low-
pressure systems formed in the low desert by rising hot air draw
winds down through the pass. This condition is most common when
desert temperatures are much warmer than coastal temperatures.
Winds desiccate (dry-out) plants, and can be a real threat to the a
landscape’s survival of a landscape. Winds do more than draw
moisture from plants: . Once they reach a velocity of 25 to -30 miles
per hour, dust and sand begin to move. At 30- to 40 miles per hour,
a dust storm may develop, . and iIt is not uncommon for winds to
reach upwards oftop 60 miles per hour, which can cause severe
damage.
Windbreaks can be placed strategically in the landscape to buffer
the effects of winds, and blowing sand and dust. The illustration
(right) provides some guidelines for planting to reduce wind
velocity. Wind is a particular concern to landscapes in the northern
portion of the City where soils are sandy and the velocity tends to
be the greatest.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(5) Water
Landscapes in the City of Palm Desert appear lush and green, but
with rainfall averaging 3.5 inches per year, rain alone would support
only a sparse scattering of native plants. With irrigation, however,
the desert springs to life. Water is the essential ingredient to
develop and maintain plant life in the City of Palm Desert.
Water is supplied to the City of Palm Desert by the Coachella Valley
Water District (CVWD), a water agency that serves the southern
portion of the Coachella Valley. Farms in the region receive water
for irrigation from a separate source, which is the Coachella branch
of the All American Canal, a canal system that brings Colorado River
water to the Imperial and Coachella Valleys.
The City's drinking water is supplied by a separate source- – a large
aquifer (a natural underground water storage area) deep under the
Coachella Valley. Deep wells tap water of excellent quality for
domestic use, including landscaping.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(5) Water continued
The Desert Water Agency (DWA), the water district that serves the
northern portion of the Coachella Valley, and the CVWD are
contractors for the State Water Project. This entitles each agency to
an annual allotment of State Water Project water.
Because there is no canal or pipeline linking the Coachella Valley to
the State Water Project, the CVWD and DWA trade their allotment
of state water, gallon for gallon, for Colorado River water.
During wet years, Colorado River water is funneled into large,
shallow ponds in the northern Coachella Valley . These pondsthat
filter the water and allow it to percolate into the underground
aquifer. This is known as recharge. When the Colorado River is
running high, the CVWD and DWA take additional water for future
allotments.
During drought years water is not taken. It is through this process
that the underground aquifer is recharged and its depletion is
minimized.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix lessen the rate of depletion of the decrease the aquifer depletion
rate.
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(5) Water continued
The average five-member household of five in the Coachella Valley
uses 1 one acre-foot of water, or 325,850 gallons per year. This
equals more than 892 gallons per day. Of this water, as much as
70% percent is used to irrigate lawns and landscape plants.
The CVWD estimates that by adopting a water-efficient landscape,
the average family could reduce cut their water usage (and water
bill) by in half. Additionally, reclaimed water is available (at a
reduced price) for irrigation of large landscape projects such as golf
courses. Currently, the CVWD provides reclaimed water to several
golf courses and has a goal to reclaim 100% of the wastewater it
processes.
As previously mentioned before, the Coachella Valley gets most of
its water from an aquifer, which is thethe remnant of a prehistoric
lake that receded ungrounded as the climate changed from wet
subtropical to arid desert. Local rainfall and mountain snows were
no longer sufficient to maintain the lake and surrounding lush
subtropical environment. An attempt to recreate that lush
environment by pumping (or mining) the prehistoric underground
reservoir will ultimately drain it entirely, leaving nothing for future
generations.
Residential and commercial landscape design must recognize and
accept both the constraints and unique opportunities present in a
hot, dry environment where every drop of water is precious.
With tThe addition of the a water line that connectsconnecting the
Colorado River water with the CVWD reclamation plant in Palm
Desert will allow; the mixing of these two water sources to mix,
providing will provide for better quality water that will increase the
numbers of will serve more golf courses served. This line will also
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
A. Palm Desert Environment continued
(5) Water continued
California Irrigation Management Information System (C.I.M.I.S.)
Many golf courses, parks and greenbelts maintained by homeowner
associations have their irrigation systems linked by computer to the
California Irrigation Management Information System (C.I.M.I.S.),
managed by the Department of Water Resources in Sacramento.
This computer-operated system calculates and informs the public as
to the day's evapotranspiration (ET) rate for selected regions within
in California. Evapotranspiration is the water lost through
evaporation from both the soil and transportation from plant
tissues.
The ET rate is the amount of moisture a plant needs to maintain
lifesurvive. By knowing the ET rate, you can supply plants with the
precise amount of water they require, avoiding wasteful
overwatering. The Coachella Valley has three reporting stations to
help ensure accuracy located at PGA West in La Quinta,in Thermal
and at College of the Desert in Palm Desert. The system is available
to everyone by eithervia radio, computer or by phone. For more
information on current weather call CVWD’s weather report at
(760) 398-7211.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
B. Maintenance
(1) Pruning
The success of a landscape, whether measured by its beauty or
longevity, is the result of the ease and efficiently efficiency of its
maintenance. Therefore tThinking ahead regarding maintenance
practices and standards should be part of the design process and
will be evaluated in the first phases of conceptual approvals.
Although the City has created a manual to illustrate the procedures
to that promote consistent landscape work standards, the
following are typical methods are suggested to demonstrate that
the eventual maintenance ishas been considered in the proposed
design:
• Allow sufficient space when specifying desert shrubs. Most
desert shrubs grow in a loose wide pattern.
• Do not place plant material in cobble.
• Use lawn only when functional, not decorative.
• When locating trees, be aware of potential building overhangs,
the nearness to walls, and the how appropriate the planter
area is for its likely proposed growth.
• Be mindful of what is planted under trees.
• When specifying palms in clusters, allow room for frond
removal crews.
• Blooming trees can litter on walks walkways and cars.
• Maintenance schedules will be required on plans.
(2) Scalping
Spencer do you want to say anything regarding this?
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
C. Irrigation
(1) Watering Rules of Thumb
Lauri, I couldn’t get all the
How much and when to water are difficult questions to answer
photos to move over. I’ll need
because of the many variables including: such as type of plant, age
to figure that out
of plant, climate conditions and soil type. Ideally, you apply only as
much water, as the plant needs. Much of that information is
available through the CIMIS program. However, the wise use of
water is a more complex issue. The wiser use of water in a
landscapethat requires a well designed, well maintained and
accurately scheduled irrigation system.
The best indicator of when a plant needs water is the plant itself. It
takes time to learn stress signs in any particular landscape. After
some observations, you will learn which plants in your garden act as
indicator plants-the plants that show signs of stress first. If a plant
exhibits any of the symptoms below, this indicates that the plant
needs water right away.
• Drooping, sSlightly wilted or limp leaves or fronds
• Palm fronds (leaves) droop or wilt
• Less glossy or reflectiveDull foliage
• Slight color shift- darker, grayer or bluer than normal
• Curled leaf edges
• Dry or yellow leaf edges (more advanced state of drought)
• Leaf drop (how some plants deal with severe drought)
• Footprints remain after walking across a lawn
City of Palm Desert Landscape Design Manual
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
C. Irrigation continued
(1) Watering Rules of Thumb cont’d
Lauri, I couldn’t get all the
Many people believe that water-efficient or native desert plants
naturally require less water. However, until they are established,
photos to move over. I’ll need
these plants must be treated as any other new planting. They and
to figure that out
require regular irrigation for at least the first year. After this time,
gradually reduce the amount of water, depending on the specific
plants in your landscape.
It is best to water at night or in the early morning. This gives plants
an opportunity to absorb the water while they are less active. Less
water is lost through evaporation and conditions are calmer.
During hot times of the day, water drops on leaves can act like
magnifying glasses, intensifying the sun's rays and scorching the
leaves.
Minimize watering when it is windy. If water is applied via a spray
irrigation system in windy conditions, water will be blown away
from the intended direction. Additionally, winds dry out plants
quickly, increasing the evapotranspiration rate and reducing the
watering efficiency of watering.
Plants’ Wwatering needs of plants vary from season to season.
When temperatures are hot, plants need more water to
compensate for the moisture lost through evapotranspiration.
(Refer to CIMIS). Conversely, during the cool season, you may be
able to extend time periods between watering. It is important,
however, to supply regular water to your plants during the cool
season.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
C. Irrigation continued
(2) Products/(systems)
Lauri, I couldn’t get all the
A wide variety of irrigation products are available today for
photos to move over. I’ll need
both the homeowner and the professional. In general,
to figure that out
however, two kinds of irrigation systems are used: emitter
irrigation and spray irrigation. In some instances, both types
may be used on a single project. Each type of system has
advantages and proper uses.
A drip emitter system is a low-flow system designed to bring
water to the root zone of each plant. Two basic types of
emitters are commonly used: drip emitters, used for trees
and shrubs, ; and micro-sprays, used for ground covers and
annual color plants.
A spray system is the "traditional" style of irrigation system,
designed to provide even, uniform water coverage of water
to a given area. Uniform coverage is the key to successful
spray irrigation. Spray irrigation is best suited for lawns and
may be used in most landscape applications. Spray irrigation
systems also include bubblers, which are low-flow systems
that trickle water in an umbrella pattern to small planting
areas.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
C. Irrigation
(2) Products /(systems) continued
Lauri, I couldn’t get all the
When deciding on irrigation systems, select reliable equipment. The
photos to move over. I’ll need
equipment must be able to with- stand the desert environment-,
to figure that out
particularly high temperatures. Any parts that are above ground or
open to the sun must be designed to withstand intense solar
radiation. (White white PVC pipe degrades in sunlight and should
not be used where it is exposed.). Before you purchase a system,
check with an irrigation consultant in the area. Read available
literature, and check with others who have functioning systems. In
addition, the CVWD can provide you with valuable information,
including their publication “Lush and Efficient.”.
If you plan to install an emitter system, the filter and pressure
regulator are the critical pieces of equipment. When a filter
becomes clogged with dirt or debris, water is not applied evenly, or
at all. Self-flushing valves are available to help alleviate the problem
of keeping the filter clean. The pressure regulator can be adjustable
or static and should be between 15 to 30 psi of pressure.
Emitter systems are traditionally installed in one of two ways, -
either with spaghetti tubing or hard- line (PVC pipe). Spaghetti
tubing is less desirable and not approved for in the City, because it
lies rests directly on the soil surface where animals and foot traffic
can easily damage it. If it is buried, the tubing may become
damaged by shovels and other tools used for maintenance. Hard-
line PVC pipe is buried and protected beneath the soil, much like a
conventional irrigation system. Quarter inch walled tubing risers
are acceptable.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
C. Irrigation continued
(2) Products/(Systems) continued
Emitter System at a Glance
Applies water in gallons per hour (GPH) and has low and efficient
water use
Water is applied only to landscape plants resulting in fewer weeds
Lower maintenance than spray due to fewer moving parts
More vandal resistant than spray if hard pvc pipe is used
Does not work for turf
Spray System at a Glance
Applies water in gallons per minute (GPM)
Use for turf areas only
Uses more water than emitters
Higher maintenance than emitters
Often wastes water in plantings that can be watered by emitters
Water Scheduling
Water scheduling allows you to water efficiently by applying proper
amounts of water at a time when evaporation is lowest. Use ET
(evapotranspiration) rates to determine the amount of water your
plants require each week. Then divide the total amount by the
number of days available to water in order to meet that goal.
Some general rules of thumb are:
Water at night or early morning when wind and evaporation are
lowest-, avoiding potential plant stress.
When possible, water when the weather is calm.
Adjust your program for temperature variations during the year.
Turn off irrigation during rain.
Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) provides a number of
“helps” for creatingcan help create an effective irrigation schedule.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
D. Green waste
• Any organic soil amendments will be consist of locally produced
compost recycled from local green waste.
• All green waste will be recycled to a local compost facility.
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
E. List of landscape-related city ordinances
The following citations represent places where landscape-related provisions, regulations or
requirements appear in the City of Palm Desert Municipal Code.
Title 2 Administration and Personnel
2.68. Art in Public Places Commission
2.68.020 Membership
Title 3 Revenue and Finance
3.40 Parking and Business Improvement Area
3.40.050 Charges
Title 5 Business Taxes, Licenses and Regulations
5.95 Landscape-related business
5.95.010 Landscape-related business
Title 8 Health and Safety
8.20.020 Unlawful property nuisances
8.70 Property maintenance
8.70.190 Vegetation, landscaping
8.70.330 Water management for existing landscapes
Title 9 Public Peace, Morals and Welfare
9.24 Noise Control
9.24.075 Property maintenance activities
Title 12 Street and Sidewalks
12.32 Tree Pruning Regulations
12.32.040 Standards
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
D. List of landscape-related city ordinances continued
The following code sections include landscape related requirements that must be met
and should be referenced when submitting plans.
Title 24 Environment and Conservation
24.04 Water-efficient landscape
24.04.010 Purpose and intent
24.04.050 Landscape construction documentation package
24.04.060 Water conservation concept statement
24.04.080 Planting design plan
24.04.090 Irrigation design plan
24.04.100 Irrigation schedules
24.04.110 Maintenance
24.04.120 Landscape irrigation audits
24.04.130 Grading design plan
24.04.140 Soils analysis
24.04.150 Certifications
24.04.160 Public education
24.04.170 Water management for existing landscapes
24.04.190 Fees for initial review and program monitoring
24.04.200 Enforcement and penalties
24.16 Outdoor lighting requirements
24.16.040 Definitions
24.16.060 Light trespass
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VII. Part Four: Appendix
D. List of landscape-related city ordinances continued
Title 24 Environment and Conservation
24.20 Stormwater Management and Discharge control
24.20.050 Discharge of pollutants
24.30 Energy Efficiency Standards
24.30.030 Mandatory requirements
Title 25 Zoning
25.15.010 Purpose
25.15.060 Architectural and landscape design
25.16.120 Private tennis courts and sports courts
25.23.100 Design criteria
25.24.090 Design review of project
25.28.140 Special standards
25.56.195 Standards for walls and fences for single-family residential l
lots in the R-1, R-2, R-3 and PR zone districts
25.58.100 Landscaping requirements
25.58.120 Tree requirements
25.58.123 Parking lot tree maintenance and installation requirements
25.58.122 Parking lot tree irrigation requirements
25.58.370 Definitions
25.58.130 Landscape and irrigation system plan review
25.68.335 Directional signs for courtyard or plaza businesses
25.72.020 Application—Submittal requirements
25.73.013 Approval or rejection considerations
25.104.010 Purpose and intent
25.120.090 Applications for condominium conversions
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VIII. Part Five: GLOSSARY
Accent Plants: A plant of special interest that is usually part of a larger planting. Accent plants provide interest throughout the seasons
through specific forms, textures, colors, etc.
Annual Gardens: Gardens that need to be replanted each year because the plants are not cold hardy. Annuals are frequently chosen for
their intense flowering and often become focal points in the landscape.
Balance: Balance is the relationship between elements in the landscape. Balance can be formal or informal. Formal balance would
usually mean that one side of the landscape is a mirror of the other, while informal balance is when plant sizes and numbers are only
relatively similar on both sides.
Base Map: A drawing that incorporates all of the information collected about the landscape and provides the basics to be used in the
landscape design process.
Base Plan: The creation of bubble diagrams, concept plans, and draft designs, all of which are eventually used to create a completed
landscape design.
Border Planting: A plant or plant grouping that divides spaces in a landscape or between adjacent properties.
Bubble Diagram: Bubble diagrams consist of a series of circles or rounded shapes drawn on paper to show what the areas in the
landscape will be used for. The areas may can represent a turf area, a shrub border, a perennial garden, a dog kennel, etc.
Client or Family Interview: A meeting between the client and the landscape designer where the designer can gather information about
the needs and wants of a client. This information will be considered throughout the design process.
Clients: Anyone who hires an individual or company to provide landscape services or a products, such as a homeowners who hires a
nursery to landscape his/hertheir property.
Commercial Grounds: Commercial grounds usually surround a business, townhouse complex, or an apartment building. Often, there is a
supervisor or committee established by the company to govern decisions about the landscape. Landscape maintenance firms or a
department within the firm maintain the grounds.
Completed Landscape Design: A completed landscape design in plan view (bird's-eye view). This plan has all the information necessary
to install the landscape.
Concept Lines: Visible or invisible lines that define spaces or divide areas in the landscape. Some concept lines become bed lines or
edging lines in the completed landscape.
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VIII. Part Five: GLOSSARY
Concept Plans: Initial drawing of how the spaces in the landscape will appear. This drawing evolves from the shapes developed in the
bubble diagram.
Corner Plantings: Any planting group that occupies a corner location - , typically the corner of a property. Corner plantings blend border
plantings together.
Cost Effectiveness: A satisfactory return from the dollars spent on landscape design, implementation, or maintenance.
Draft Designs: Preliminary designs consisting of key plants, plant and hard-good groupings as well as concept lines and spaces. Draft
designs will become a completed landscape plan as specific plants and hard-goods are selected for each location.
Easements: An interest in land owned by another that entitles its holder to a specific limited use or enjoyment.
Elements of Design: Criteria used in selecting and organizing plant materials and hard-goods and organizing them into the landscape.
The designer must consider both primary and secondary elements of design.
Emphasis: Major landscape components are highlighted more than less important ones. Framing, ?plant numbers?, or and creating an
unusual focal points are examples of creating using emphasis in the landscape.
Entry Garden: Landscape area near the entry to a building which calls attention to the entry area and to certain plants.
Environmentally Sound: A landscape that does not harm the environment, soil, water, and air. An environmentally sound landscape is
less dependent on pesticides, fertilizers, and water to maintain the desired appearance.
Form: The outline a plant creates as well as the 3-Dthree dimensional features it produces, (columnar, round, vase, weeping, oval, etc.).
Form should be considered early in the design process.
Foundation Plantings: Plantings located in beds surrounding the base of a structure. Foundation plantings can be made continuously or
in segments. They provide transitions adjacent to patio and entry gardens. They frequently contain several key plants.
Freestanding or Group Plantings: Plantings that are apart from a structure or other plantings. Sometimes called an island planting,
depending upon location.
Functional: Any part of the landscape with a specific purpose for its location other than just aesthetics. Functionality is associated with
landscape uses of the landscape.
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Hard-Goods: All of the construction materials used to create structure in the landscape. Examples include boulders, pavers, landscape
timbers, and fencing. Hard-goods also include drain tile, irrigation, and other things not always visible in the landscape.
Hardscaping: Features in the landscape other than plant materials. Examples include walks, fences, and retaining walls.
Height and Width: Height and width are the estimated mature sizes a plant will reach, both in upright and outward direction. These two
elements are very important in plant selection and plant location. If plants are selected without considering height and width, they are
often improperly spaced which can cause future problems in the future of the landscape.
Imaginary Lines: Lines that define spaces within a landscape, but are not necessarily separated by specific plantings or bed lines.
Implementation: The process of installing plant materials and hard-goods into the landscape. Landscape implementation is carried out
according to the completed landscape design.
Key Plants: Landscape plant or plants placed in a highly visible location. Key plants are frequently used individually or in groups of three.
They are often associated with the screening, or softening of architectural features, such as building corners, steps, fences, etc.
Landscape: Area where plants, turf, decks, walks, etc., have been used to create an outdoor living area that makes the area functional
and visually pleasing.
Landscape Architect: A licensed professional who plans and designs landscapes. In some states this designation can only be used by
certified professionals. Landscape architects are usually schooled in engineering and architecture and typically work on projects larger
than residential properties.
Landscape Designer: A professional who plans and develops landscapes, usually at a residential or small commercial level. Landscape
designers are usually skilled in the use of plant materials and other horticultural aspects of landscape design.
Landscape Design Process: The creation of bubble diagrams, concept plans, and draft designs, all of which are eventually used to create
a completed landscape design.
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Landscape Design Program: Compiling all of the information found through the site survey, site analysis, and the interview, and using it
in the development of the landscape design.
Landscape Design Sequence: Collection of information needed to create a sustainable landscape design including the base map, the site
survey, the site analysis, and the client or family interview. Information from these are used to create the completed landscape design.
Maintainability: Process of making every individual segment of a landscape as easy to care for as possible. A maintainable landscape
requires less labor, fewer supplies, and is less expensive to care for.
Mass Plantings: Plantings where many plants of the same species are used to fill an area. Mass plantings are typically used as
connections between other planting groups or and as groundcovers.
Micro-Manage: Developing and maintaining a landscape without considering the effects one decision has upon another. This type of
management will affect the long term sustainability of the landscape and usually costs more.
Module: Information piece that addresses a particular topic in detail. Modules can stand alone as a publication or be grouped together
to form a unit.
Needs Assessment: Analysis conducted by the designer in initial stages of design to determine client's landscaping needs and interests.
Patio Garden: Garden surrounding a patio or deck used to create a more comfortable outdoor living space. Patio gardens screen, and
soften the architectural features of the deck, frame views, and can provide shade and protection from the wind.
Perennial Gardens: Herbaceous plantings that can tolerate the cold and will come back each spring. Perennial gardens provide seasonal
interest for a longer period of time than annual gardens and can serve as focal points in the landscape.
Photographic View: The way in which we see a landscape or an area if we are standing and looking at it at ground level. Photographic
view drawings on a plan help the client visualize how the installed landscape will appear.
Plant Groupings: Plant groupings provide a representation of the types of plants that will occupy an area once the landscape design is
completed. A plant grouping might show a shrub border between properties, or it may represent a perennial bed location.
Plan View or Plan View Drawings: Bird's eye view of the area being designed. The completed landscape design is done in plan view.
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Primary Elements of Design?Same as secondary- disease/insect resistance, pollution, etc.?: Primary elements of design are the first
elements looked at when determining plant materials. Primary elements of design include disease or and insect resistance, poor soils
and urban pollution, tolerance, etc.
Principles of Design: Process that defines and ties all individual components together to create unity within a design. Example of
principles of design would be simplicity, variety, balance, emphasis, sequence, and scale.
?Professional Landscape Designer This seems very redundant with the Landscape Designer definition. Consider eliminating one or the
other?: A professional who plans and develops landscapes, usually at a residential or small commercial level. Landscape designers are
usually skilled in the use of plant materials and other horticultural aspects of landscape design.
Public Grounds: Public grounds include public property owned by a city, state, or the federal government. Examples include parks,
schools, and any other public recreational areas. Maintenance is usually performed by personnel hired by the city, county, or state.
Residential Grounds: A family-owned house would be the best example of residential grounds. These grounds are most often
maintained by the owner of the property.
Scale: Scale is the relative size of one part of a landscape to another. Scale may be the proportion or ratio of size to other components in
the landscape.
Screen Plantings: Plantings used to screen an area to provide privacy, block a poor view, or act as a natural boundary or barrier.
Seasonal Interest or Color: Seasonal interest and color are created by the colors that we see when we look at a plant. Color is the
element that is often first noticed about a plant. Color is often frequently used in a landscape to provide interest throughout the entire
growing season. This is often referred to as seasonal interest. Seasonal interest is simply the time of the year that a plant provides a
special characteristic such as flowers, fall color, fruits, etc.
Secondary Elements of Design?See above note on Primary elements of Design?: Secondary elements are used considered when
narrowing down the types of plants to be used. Secondary elements of design include environmental tolerance (wind, pollution, cold),
disease and insect resistance, soil types tolerated, etc.
Sequence: A gradual transition from one area to another within a landscape. A landscape with sequence has one element changing at a
time rather than several changes at once. A landscape with a coarse textured plant next to a fine textured plant is an example of bad
sequence.
Simplicity: Understanding what is, and is not important in a landscape design. Details that will not have a major impact to the landscape
are omitted to keep it uncluttered.
Site Analysis: Compiling the information found during the site survey and the family or client interview to be used in the development of
the landscape plan.
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Site Plan: A drawing that incorporates all of the information collected about the landscape and provides the basics used in the landscape
design process.
Site Survey: Collecting the information that will aid the designer in the development of the completed landscape design. Examples
include soil type, drainage, structures, existing plants, and good and bad views.
Spaces: Area in the landscape created to serve a specific purpose. Spaces may be functional, e.g., such as a storage area, or a recreation
area, or be created to make the landscape maintainable or visually pleasing.
Specimen Plants: Specimen plants can be part of a larger planting, but usually stand alone in the landscape. Specimen plants provide
specific seasonal interests or color through flowers, fruit, or leaves.
Sub-module: A sub-module is a piece of information, example, or illustration used to explain a particular area within a module. Sub-
modules complement the modules by expanding their content, defining information, or and making them easier to understand.
Sustainable Landscape: A landscape designed, installed, and maintained in a residential, commercial, or public setting that is functional,
maintainable, environmentally sound, cost effective, and visually pleasing throughout the entire life of that landscape.
Texture: Coarseness or fineness of the plant. Texture should be one of the first design considerations when placing plants in a landscape.
Texture in plants can be created by leaves, branches, bark, or and other plant parts. It can also be created by rough or smooth looking
surfaces, thin or thick leaf set, or and by darkness or lightness.
Trees: A woody plant that usually has one main stem and reaches a height of at least 12 ft.feet. Trees are very important for screening,
framing, and shade, and are considered early in the landscape design program. Trees are usually placed before other plant material
because of their major impact on understory shrubs chosen for the landscape.
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Unit: For the purposes of the Sustainable Landscape Information Series, a unit is a group of publications that concentrates on one topic
area. There will be four units in the SULIS which are: Sustainable Landscape Design, Sustainable Landscape Implementation, Sustainable
Plant Materials Selection, and Sustainable Landscape Maintenance. Each unit will build on the information presented in other units.
Unity: How well the entire design comes together to form one landscape. All aspects of the landscape should complement one another
rather than compete for attention.
Variety: Mixing up the form, texture and color combinations in a landscape to create extra interest without sacrificing the simplicity of
the design.
Visualization Exercise: When a dDesigner pictures in his/her or her mind what an area will look like before the landscape design process
begins.
Visually Pleasing: A landscape having an overall desirable appearance. A beautiful landscape would also be considered a visually
pleasing landscape.
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IX. References and Links
City of Palm Desert Municipal Code
City of Palm Desert Flora
City of Palm Desert Maintenance
http://myvisionscape.com/resources/Glossary_of_Landscape_Terms