HomeMy WebLinkAboutCC RES 2010-07RESOLUTION NO. 2010-7
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY
OF PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING AND
ADOPTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
PLAN AND GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ENACTING
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE
GAS EMISSIONS
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Palm Desert, California, did on the 11th
day of February, 2010, consider the request to enact policies and programs as outlined in
the Environmental Sustainability Plan; and
WHEREAS, a Greenhouse Gas Inventory was completed for the baseline year of
2008; and
WHEREAS, the City of Palm Desert pledges to enact or beat the target of
reducing harmful global emission levels to seven (7) percent below 2008 levels by
2012.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Palm
Desert, California, as follows:
The City of Palm Desert will comply with Assembly Bill 32 and Senate Bill
375 through a combined effort in implementing the Environmental
Sustainability Plan and the Greenhouse Gas Inventory through
recommended actions measured from the baseline year of 2008, unless
specified otherwise, in the following six resource areas:
1. The "Built Environment" resource category identifies policies and
actions to address efficiency and the environmental impacts of
man-made improvements and construction such as buildings,
roads, and parking lots.
2. "Energy Management" re-establishes the city goal to reduce overall
and peak electricity and gas demand/consumption by 30% in five
years from the 2007 baseline year.
3. The "Materials Management" category details upstream
procurement policies and downstream management.
4. "Regional Air Quality" identifies local and regional measures to
clear the air of particulates and PM 10, which will promote healthy
air quality.
RESOLUTION NO. 2010-7
5. "Transportation" aims to increase mobility through identifying and
promoting alternative means of transportation, reducing vehicle
miles traveled, and thus gasoline consumption.
6. "Water Management" references the declining levels of the aquifer
that supplies the Coachella Valley and aims to reduce water
consumption by 30% in five years, upon adoption of this resolution,
from the baseline year 2010.
PASSED, APPROVED and ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the Palm Desert
City Council, held on then th day of February , 2010, by the following vote, to
wit:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTAIN:
ATTEST:
BENSON, FERGUSON, BELLY, SPIEGEL, and FINERTY
NONE
NONE
NONE
RA HELLE.KKLASSN, City Clerk
City of Palm Desert, California
C NDY FIN B T*, Mayor
2
r3
PALM DESERT
The City of Palm Desert
Environmental Sustainability Plan
Prepared by EcoMotion
February 11, 2010
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 1
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 2
Outline
Executive Summary
Regulation: AB 32 and SB 375
Environmental Sustainability
Greenhouse Gas Compliance
Taking Action
1. Introduction
Defining Sustainability
A History with Sustainability
Palm Desert's Chronology of Sustainability Initiatives
2. Sustainability Resource Areas
The Built Environment
Energy Management
Materials Management
Regional Air Quality
Transportation Resources
Water Management
3. Greenhouse Gas Compliance
Background
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Emissions Reduction Plan
4. The Action Plan
Organizational Design
Managing Costs
Three -Phase Implementation
Seizing the Opportunity to Lead
Appendices
• The Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Planning Process
• Lists of Sustainability Plan Resource Team members
• Background papers for Resource Team meetings
• Background power point presentations for each Resource Team
• Lists of Resource Team recommendations
• Council Resolution on Sustainability: Resolution 07-78
• Primer on Greenhouse Gases
• Greenhouse Gas Baseline Data and Inventory
• Database of Recommended Actions
• Five -Point Ranking Values
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 3
Executive Summary
Palm Desert is a leading sustainable city. This Sustainability Plan shows that Palm
Desert has already demonstrated high levels of civic leadership on many issues related
to environmental sustainability, from energy and water management, to storm -water
diversion, water reclamation, altemative transportation and fuels, and desert
landscaping. The bus system, civic center solar arrays, new LEED certified buildings,
and the City's bricks and mortar commitment to higher education speak to the City's
forward -thinking nature.
The Set to Save energy partnership program and the Energy Independence Program
are statewide models, being emulated by cities and counties throughout California.
Palm Desert is recognized for its pioneering work with Assembly Bill 811 that enables
property assessments for energy efficient fixtures and renewable energy systems. By
October 2009, there was legislation in fourteen states including Texas and New York for
this new and appealing local government financing. Through these kinds of initiatives
and the ones presented in this Plan, Palm Desert will maintain its preeminence in
sustainability, addressing climate change and land use planning mandates with clarity
and conviction.
Regulation
This Plan presents an action plan. It is being driven by impending regulations and two
laws, specifically California Assembly Bill 32 — the Global Warming Solutions Act of
2006 — and the more recent Califomia Senate Bill 375, known as the "anti -sprawl bill."
Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32)
The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 established a first -in -the -world
comprehensive program of regulatory and market mechanisms to achieve real,
quantifiable, cost-effective reductions of greenhouse gas emissions. The law
proposes to reduce carbon emissions in Califomia to 1990 levels by 2020.
The law will result in a 25% reduction of CO2 emissions by 2020. AB 32 requires
the Califomia Air Resource Board to develop regulations and market
mechanisms to achieve the goals. Mandatory caps for key industries will begin in
2012 and will ratchet down.
Senate Bill 375 (SB 375)
SB 375, passed in 2008, is the nation's first law to control greenhouse gas
emissions by controlling sprawl and fully utilizing transportation demand models.
It mandates that the State's 18 Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 4
include sustainable community strategies in regional transportation plans for the
purpose of reducing greenhouse gases.
The Governor's Office believes that SB 375 will be as transformative in shaping
our communities as railroads were years ago, making them more walk -able with
increased transportation options, and increased quality of life.
SB 375 requires the California Air Resources Board to develop regional
greenhouse gas emission reduction targets to be achieved from the automobile
and light truck sectors for 2020 and 2035. The 18 MPOs in California will prepare
a "sustainable communities strategy" to reduce the amount of vehicle miles
traveled in their respective regions and demonstrate the ability for the region to
attain ARB's targets.
These bills and others are forcing cities throughout California to re -think the way we live.
They are driving a transformation and Palm Desert is preparing for these changes. This
Environmental Sustainability Plan integrates local visions with State regulations. It is a
roadmap for action that begins with pragmatic, low-cost measures that have significant
effect.
This Plan presents a planning tool for Palm Desert to maintain a proactive position,
finding win -win solutions that are good for the environment and for business. The Plan's
actions will create jobs. Through a deliberate, phased -in approach, Palm Desert will
take strategic steps toward sustainability while maintaining the high quality of life
residents enjoy.
This Plan present three phases of planned activity in six resource areas, beginning with
low and no -cost measures to the City that deliver the greatest energy, consumer, and
carbon savings.
Environmental Sustainability
The Environmental Sustainability Plan addresses six resource areas. Resource Teams
of local stakeholders and staff were formed to examine each area during the planning
process. Each team meeting was marked by opinioned discussions of goals and
recommended policies and programs. These have been debated and prioritized, guided
by the Core Sustainability Team and Council. The six resource areas are as follows:
a. The "Built Environment" is also the man-made environment -- buildings, parking
structures, golf courses, rights of way, etc. Super -efficient building standards
suitable for desert conditions are proposed for immediate adoption. The Plan
identifies policies that comply with portions of SB 375, testing new forms of
development shaped by Palm Desert's style that has earned broad community
support.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 5
b. The Plan addresses "Energy Management" aggressively given its measures'
potential to cut use and avoid emissions. It calls for a major commitment to
achieve the 30:30 goals, reducing tens of thousands of metric tons of CO2
emissions annually. The 30:30 goals were developed as a program to achieve
30% reductions city-wide in electricity and gas consumption along with a .30%
reduction in peak electricity demand in five years. In the short term, the Plan calls
for securing ample financing for Energy Independence Program loans. The long-
term vision is to exceed the goals by fully developing renewable power
generation.
c. "Materials Management" — from cradle to cradle — is another area of City
excellence. Pilot programs have tested positive and can be expanded. The Plan
details upstream procurement policies and downstream management. It calls for
increasing the City's overall diversion rate from the current level of 72% to 75%.
d. "Regional Air Quality" is essential to Palm Desert. While largely out of direct local
control, the City's ultimate goal is to work with regional partners to clear the air of
visible particulates, notably PM 10. Other goals are more local; reducing airborne
particulates during the annual reseeding process for golf courses and lawns.
Reducing automotive vehicle miles travelled and tightening buildings will also
result in better air quality.
e. "Transportation" is framed in terms of increasing mobility. This is being done in
Palm Desert in more "alternative" means — walking, golf carts, biking, buses —
decreasing vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and thus gasoline consumption. The
Plan calls for reducing municipal gasoline use by 5% in two years, and
throughout the community in five years, by promoting personal and community-
benefitting altematives.
f. 'Water Management" is a critical challenge, largely out of sight but not out of
mind at the City. Declining aquifer levels and increasing amounts of embedded
energy in water provide direction to leveraging efficient water use to "generate"
savings. The Plan for the first time sets specific savings goals, calling for a 30%
reduction in water use in 5 years.
Greenhouse Gas Compliance
Many experts believe that the threat of climate change is the most important
sustainability challenge of the century. Regulations — AB 32 in particular — are forcing
local govemments to take action. This Plan is linked with the City's first Greenhouse
Gas Inventory and includes a sequenced approach to emissions reductions.
In 1990 the City's ecological footprint was 406,607 metric tons of CO2. By 2008, the
baseline year, this impact had increased to 620,914 metric tons. Through the Plan's
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 6
action steps, this trend will be reversed. Details of the inventory are presented in a
separate document with data and methodology briefs.
Taking Action
Each of the six resource areas presented is critical for environmental sustainability.
They are presented in a narrative form in the Plan with discussions of visions,
principles, goals, policies, and programs. Many leading cities' programs were evaluated.
Over three hundred recommended actions were considered in the planning process.
The Plan presents 149 recommended actions to achieve the City's sustainability goals.
The actions are also presented in tabular form, an Excel spreadsheet decision -making
tool. It ranks measures with relative numeric values for five key variables according to a
five -point rating system. The highest ranked recommendations are most feasible, lowest
cost to the City, most cost-effective, embraced by the community, and cut significant
levels of CO2. Five-year costs to the City are estimated; notes present assumptions.
The Plan concludes with a pragmatic, three-phase approach over a ten-year period.
Phase I activities are low and no -cost measures that are feasible given the current
economic situation and can be carried out in the next two calendar years. Financing and
ordinances will drive efficiency; collaborations will be strengthened.
Phase II activities will subsequently be defined for the 2012 — 2014 timeframe and will
build on Phase I initiatives. Policy initiatives will continue. Sustainability investments will
be required to leverage greater levels of efficiency. A portfolio approach will blend cost-
effective and non -cost effective measures for community benefit. Phase III is slated for
2015 — 2020.
Palm Desert will achieve its environmental and growth management goals, while
fostering local economic development and a positive economic and social impact. The
City will maintain its high quality of life while meeting the challenges of the times.
1. Introduction
The City of Palm Desert is unique in many ways, a desert community with many
resorts and an affluent population. It is marked by the distinction of having the
most golf courses per capita of any city, worldwide. Palm Desert is an idyllic
place to live and retire, with dry, warm winters. Visitors come for winter; many
residents leave town to escape the high heat of the summer.
Palm Desert is an unquestioned leader in the Coachella Valley in many ways.
Palm Desert's citizens are proud of their City; its businesses are pleased to be in
the City; and its institutions — from Desert Willow Golf Resort, to University of
Califomia Riverside at Palm Desert, and College of the Desert — are strong,
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 7
thanks to strong relationships with the City. The City has certainly been a leader
in sustainability as this Plan shows.
Defining Sustainability
The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development defines
sustainability in the following way: "Sustainability meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Clearly it is an
all -encompassing exercise.
• Sustainability is the ultimate environmental pursuit.
• Sustainability integrates all environmental and social and even economic issues.
While the definition of "sustainable" varies, one way to define it is to consider it as the
aggregate of people living day by day, on par, in ways that are workable, manageable;
in ways that maintain, support, conserve, restore, replenish, safeguard, perpetuate; in
ways that allow us to continue living versus grinding to a halt; in ways that do not
deplete, use up, or empty; in ways that have a net zero impact.
To some, sustainability goes beyond environmentalism. Whereas environmental
sustainability is a condition during which we make sure not to deplete finite natural
resources, social sustainability encompasses adequate access to health care and job
and educational opportunities. In a socially sustainable community, "all people have a
sense of well-being and purchasing power." Financial sustainability is living within our
means, our ability to pay.
In the broadest context, the "universe of sustainability" includes social, health, and
economic facets of the community. To be fully sustainable involves these three Es of
economy, environment, and equity in an ongoing balance. Cities, counties, and other
jurisdictions slice sustainability in many ways; defining sustainability draws on many of
the elements from public health to human dignity, economic development, food
production, and civic participation. While cognizant of the broader universe of
sustainability, this first Plan focuses on environmental sustainability and six resource
areas.
A History with Sustainability
Palm Desert has engaged in a mosaic of "green" policies and programs for over 25
years, starting before the City was incorporated. Its award -winning works have included
storm water management, waste stream diversion and recycling, drought -tolerant
landscaping, clean and efficient transportation, and most recently unparalleled work with
energy management and the financing of energy efficiency and renewable energy
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 8
installations. The recommended actions presented in the Plan build on this record of
many years of progress and success.
Palm Desert's Chronology of Sustainability Initiatives
1970
The Living Desert Zoo and Gardens in Palm Desert is established
The zoo and botanical garden is based entirely on the ecosystem of the desert. It
currently occupies about 1,200 acres of land, is a pioneer in environmental education, a
native wildlife rehabilitation preserve, is active in captive breeding and plant propagation
programs, and sustains itself through active membership and volunteers.
1973
The City of Palm Desert is Incorporated
1983
Drought -Tolerant Landscaping Introduced
Palm Desert embraces water -wise desert and semi -arid plants to create vibrant arrays
in medians, parks, parkways, and open spaces around public facilities. Policy initiated
to remove turf from street medians and install water -wise desert landscaping
1989
Palm Desert complies with AB 939: Integrated Waste Management Act
To comply with Act, Palm Desert had to recycle 50% of its waste. Today, Palm Desert
is diverting 72% and rising.
1990
State Implementation Plan for PM10 in the Coachella Valley
The State Implementation Plan (SIP) for Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) was jointly
developed by South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Coachella
Valley Association of Govemments (CVAG), and member cities, approved by the US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a mechanism for reducing suspended
particulates, especially fugitive dust emissions in the Coachella Valley.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Implemented
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) implements the federal
Clean Water Act and mandates that plans and programs for storm water management
be developed, adopted, and implemented to assure that municipalities effectively
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 9
prohibit non -storm water discharge into storm drains. Palm Desert is a co-permittee
and Public Works manages the NPDES program.
Curbside Recycling Program Implemented
The Curbside recycling program was started in partnership with Waste Management of
the Desert, now replaced by Burrtec Waste and Recycling Services. This was the first
curbside program in Riverside County.
Water -Efficient Landscape Ordinance Passes
As required by California Water Conservation in Landscaping Act of 1990, the Water -
Efficient Landscape Ordinance passed by the Palm Desert City Council, establishes
minimum water -efficient landscape requirements for some new and rehabilitated public
and private landscape projects, including tract homes.
1993
Palm Desert's Golf Cart Transportation Program Begins
Authorized by Assembly Bill 1229, the program allows golf carts for travel to schools,
parks, businesses, shopping centers, and government offices.
1994
Natural Gas Buses Join Fleet
Palm Desert worked with SunLine to convert their buses to natural gas over a period of
two years. Today, SunLine's natural gas buses serve the entire Coachella Valley.
Concurrently, SunLine engaged in a fuel cell demonstration project with Humboldt State
University.
Arbor Day Program Begins with Tree Planting Demonstration
A tree planting demonstration program for schools, the Arbor Day Program was created
to involve schoolchildren in the process and appreciation of planting trees.
1998
Light Emitting Diode Lights are Installed in Traffic Signals
Palm Desert was the first city in Coachella Valley to implement LED signals lights.
Palm Desert Air Resources Board Air Quality Forum is Held
Air Resources Board (ARB) seeks public participation in Palm Desert by setting a public
forum, one of the ten that ARB scheduled around the state to study new federal
standards, existing programs, local conditions, and planned future activities to reduce
PM 10 and 2.5.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 10
1999
Landscape Services Division of Public Works is Established
Palm Desert established the Landscape Services Department Program to maintain City
properties and to conduct plan reviews. Its work is based on the Tree Maintenance
Ordinance, the Parking Lot Shade Tree Ordinance, and the Water Efficient Landscape
Ordinance.
Fugitive Dust / PM 10 Control Ordinance is Passed
The ordinance established minimum dust control requirements for construction and
demolition activities and other specified land uses.
Bus Shelter Improvement Program Launched
In 1999, City Council approved the Bus Shelter Improvement Program to advocate
more contemporary, self-sufficient, and durable bus shelters with features such as solar
powered security lighting and advertisement elimination on all the new shelters.
Parking Lot Tree Resolution Passes to Cut Water Use and Increase Shade
This resolution identifies specific landscaping requirements for parking lots that will also
be responsive to water conservation goals. Shade must cover 50% of pavement.
2001
Local Particulate Matter 10 Air Quality Inspector Program Commences
Coachella Valley Association of Govemments (CVAG), South Coast Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD), and Building Industries Association (BIA) approved
the hiring of a PM10 Air Quality Inspector to monitor and identify development activities
that are not meeting emission standards, and to work to educate developers and cities
on meeting PM10 standards.
Employee Commute Program Takes Shape
The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) developed and
implemented Rule 2202 designed to reduce vehicular emissions associated with
employee commutes at major employers by providing various emission -reducing
altematives.
Six Cities Energy Project Puts Palm Desert among Leading Cities in Energy
Innovation
City joins Irvine, Santa Monica, Brea, Hermosa Beach, and West Hollywood in the Six
Cities Energy Project managed by The Energy Coalition on behalf of Southern
Califomia Edison. The creative approach included the PEAK Student Energy Actions
Program.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 11
Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance
Palm Desert's water efficiency ordinance becomes the most conserving in the State of
California.
2004
Palm Desert's Comprehensive General Plan is Adopted
Palm Desert's General Plan states the visions and goals of Palm Desert in community
development, environmental resources, environmental hazards, as well as public
services and facilities.
Community Energy Partnership Expands Six City Partnership to Ten Highly
Diverse Member Cities
In 2004, the City of Palm Desert joined the Community Energy Partnership (CEP), an
ongoing multidimensional collaboration that delivered programs educating communities
about sustainable energy efficiency in Southern California.
2005
City Publishes First Desert Flora Pallette and Maintenance Manuals
These manuals highlight desert plant material and maintenance guidelines for
successful desert planting.
Weather -Based Irrigation / "Smart" Controller Program Begins
A program with the Coachella Valley Water District that uses weather -based irrigation
clocks that automatically adjust irrigation systems' run time based on historic weather
data, reducing the amount of water in cooler months and increasing the amount in the
summer.
UCR Palm Desert Graduate Center Establishes Sustainable Native Garden
Two-year, $4.5 million demonstration project is a joint effort between four universities
which will use exclusive native plants to the desert and create a demonstration zone
that shows how desert plants can be used to create a suburban landscape with "curb
appeal."
Energy Independence Program Enabled by Pioneering Work with Assembly Bill
811
Palm Desert spearheaded effort to craft and get Assembly Bill 811 passed. Bill allows
cities and counties to provide preferential loans to property owners making energy
improvements through liens on their properties and assessments on their property
taxes.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 12
2006
Palm Desert Establishes the Office of Energy Management
The OEM was designed to work with Palm Desert residents, Southern Califomia Edison
staff, and The Energy Coalition to raise awareness in the community.
Curbside Landscape Retro-Fit Pilot Project
A $75,000 program ($20,000 allotted to Palm Desert) partnered between Palm Desert,
Coachella Valley Water District, and the Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control
District designed to focus initially on parkway areas near country clubs and hotels.
Palm Desert Features U.S. Green Building Council's LEED Certification Program
The City used the LEED certification for the Palm Desert Visitor Center (LEED Silver
Certification) and Henderson Community Building (LEED Silver Certification). The
Visitor Center opened as the first LEED-certified building in the Coachella Valley.
Estonia Protocol Signed / 30:30 Program Established
A stretch goal followed by a detailed analysis of how to achieve a 30% reduction in city-
wide electricity and gas consumption and 30% reduction in peak electricity demand in
five years.
2007
Resolution 07-78 Passes and Serves as the City's First Step in Greenhouse Gas
Reduction
Council adopted a resolution pledging to enact policies and programs to reduce harmful
global emissions.
Palm Desert Building Ordinance is Adopted by City Council
City Council passed Ordinance No. 1124 adopting local energy efficiency standards for
buildings covered by the 2005 Califomia Building Energy Efficiency Standards, setting
forth minimum energy efficiency standards within the City for all new construction,
including remodels, additions, alterations, condominium conversions and tenant
improvements. The new standards require energy efficiency up to 15% above the state
standards.
Set to Save Program Launched
The 30:30 program was renamed for consumer marketing. This implementation
partnership with Southern California Edison and Southern California Gas provided
services to local businesses and homeowners to help decrease energy use with free
on -site energy surveys, on-line tips, and discount programs.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 13
2010
Iniatiation of Cooperative Landscape Water Conservation Program
A program established along with CVWD to remove landscape turf and retro-fit
landscapes with desert plant material for homeowners and homeowners associations.
Desert Flora Design Manual Published
City publishes its Desert Flora Design Manual and makes all three Desert Flora
publications available on-line.
Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance Approved
City approves updated Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance which meets State AB
1881 requirements and continues to maintain its' leadership in landscape water
conservation.
Greenhouse Gas Connection
Of the common elements of sustainable planning, the greenhouse gas (GHG)
connection is most challenging. Most experts agree that sustainability and sustainable
development require stemming and decreasing greenhouse gases in major proportions.
The magnitude of required, transformative changes that may be on the horizon is
impressive, as are the opportunities for job creation, professional workforce
development, and exported know-how. This Plan guides Palm Desert towards spurring
new businesses that benefit from this transformation. Palm Desert can work with the
business community to develop new products and services for a sustainable world. By
getting ahead of the curve, Palm Desert can prosper and profit, increasing the quality of
life and community through strategic investments.
Califomia Assembly Bill 32 — the Global Warming Solutions Act — was passed in 2006. It
is the nation's most far-reaching GHG rule. It presents sweeping mandates for GHG
reductions with little direction on a) how local govemments will be required to fulfill these
reductions, and b) when and how these will be measured. In 2007, Palm Desert passed
Resolution 07-78 that called for reducing CO2 emissions by 7% below the City's 1990
baseline. The City's first greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory was completed in 2009. After
careful consideration of Resolution 07-78 along with the mandates and measures
necessary to realistically achieve this goal, Palm Desert re-established the City's
baseline year to 2008, rather than 1990. Detailed data collected to complete the GHG
inventory was primarily obtained from 2008; logically, Palm Desert needs to establish
measures and reduction goals based on the current levels of GHG present in the
atmosphere today.
Palm Desert is preparing for GHG mandates and the climate protection requirements
that will be specified by the Califomia Air Resources Board. Local govemments will be
required to address those issues within their control, such as building standards, land -
use, and local mass transit. Palm Desert has joined the International Council for Local
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 14
Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) Cities for Climate Protection and has used the Clean
Air and Climate Protection (CACP) software to develop a baseline of GHG emissions.
2. Sustainability Resource Areas
The Built Environment
The Built Environment refers to all man-made structures, from buildings, to roads and
resorts. It is the collective "impression" that mankind makes upon the Earth, often best
seen from an aerial perspective. It's how communities are built within a particular
geography for mobility, residential, educational, recreational, and business activity.
Palm Desert has been very conscientious about maintaining continuity in design of its
built environment. As one travels through the City, the different neighborhoods transition
seamlessly into each other. Older neighborhoods lie next to newer ones. Country club
communities mix with time-shares; a half dozen mobile home parks provide affordable
desert living. The variety of housing products is desirable to the community.
A thousand low and moderate income housing units are located within the City. Over
the past few years, neighborhood malls/shopping centers in the "Palm Desert style"
have been developed along the perimeter of town to provide neighborhood shopping,
while "big box" and large commercial buildings have emerged in the area along the
Interstate 10 corridor. Development has been tasteful and cohesive.
Buildings and the built environment are resource intensive. They are responsible for
nearly 40% of greenhouse gases, even more than transportation. In Palm Desert, the
built environment is dramatically shaped by golf courses and resorts. Much of Palm
Desert was built during an era of cheap and plentiful energy. Many homes lack
insulation and advanced window glazings. Thus the City's greatest savings will come
from retrofitting this aging and energy -inefficient housing stock.
Principle
Retrofitting the existing building stock for sustainability is the City's Built Environment priority.
Building efficiency standards continue to ratchet up; "greener" designs are resulting in
more efficient and comfortable spaces. Green building ordinances — like Palm Desert's
—are exemplary in maintaining a focus on green building in new construction.
Principle
The City will maintain a concurrent focus on green building in new construction.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 15
Addressing the Heat
Palm Desert faces a very significant built -environment challenge: Climate. Palm Desert
homes use an average of 50% more energy than similar homes elsewhere. This places
a tremendous burden on the utility, especially during peak periods, and a tremendous
cost on consumers.
Palm Desert addressed this head on by implementing building efficiency standards that
are more stringent than the State's Title 24. In 2007, and after a detailed technical
appeal to the California Energy Commission, Palm Desert instituted the Green Building
Ordinance that addresses energy usage in all new buildings, retrofits, condominium
conversions and tenant improvements. It required new structures to be 5% - 15% more
efficient than Title 24.
The Palm Desert ordinance "sunset" when new Title 24 requirements were formally
adopted on January 1, 2010. The new Title 24 requirements are approximately 15%
more stringent, obviating the Palm Desert ordinance.
Taking a Green Building Leadership Position
There is an opportunity for Palm Desert to lead, specifically by taking early action on the
new California Green Building Code. It is an addition to Title 24 building code. The
California Green Building Code will be optional initially and then phased into law.
Palm Desert, with the support of the Building Industry Association and others, will take
early action, updating the current Green Building Ordinance to make all new
construction in the City adhere to both the new Califomia Title 24 and its Green Building
Code. This harmonizes the green building industry in the State, and provides for the
energy and environmental benefits that Palm Desert continues to desire.
Goal
Be early adopters of the California Green Building Code, an addition to Title 24.
Two other goals for the built environment reflect the City's commitment to high
performance, sustainable design for the desert environment. The new community center
reflects this goal. Parking lots are tremendous heat sinks, thus greater shading will
reduce the urban heat island effect, and keep cars cooler that in turn reduces air
conditioning requirements.
Goal
Promote measurable, high performance, sustainable design throughout the city.
The Palm Desert Redevelopment Agency plans to lead by example on this goal with the
design and construction of Carlos Ortega Villas. Carlos Ortega Villas is a 72- unit senior
rental housing project. Specifications require that the project achieve a minimum of
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 16
LEED Silver Certification, and ultimately design and build a net zero energy project. Net
zero energy use is the ability to produce an amount of renewable energy on -site equal
to the amount of energy required to sustain the energy used by the project. Through
projects such as Carlos Ortega Villas, the City is not only able to lead by example, but
to provide detailed information, based on experience, to individuals interested in
sustainable design.
Goal
Increase parking lot shading to minimize the heat island effect.
The premise of this goal would require a complete review and analysis of the
effectiveness of the City's current ordinances requiring parking lot shading. Current
ordinances, including the Parking Lot Shade Tree Ordinance, will be revisited and
revised to increase shading design and minimize the heat island effect. The final
outcome may require shade trees, carports, light colored pavers, or some combination
of these.
Recommended Actions
New Construction
r Recommended Action BE 1
I Pass Green Building Ordinance to adopt the California Green Building Code, Title 24 addition.
Solar Readiness
The City will also retain select features from the 2007 ordinance. Specifically, the new
ordinance will maintain the requirement that developers of production homes sell "solar
ready" homes — with conduits and junction boxes in place for future solar installations.
Developers must also offer at least one sample home with solar in place; all homes for
sale must have a solar option.
Recommended Action BE 2
Maintain 2007 ordinance feature: Developers must sell "solar ready" homes (conduits, junction
boxes, etc.).
Recommended Action BE 3
Maintain 2007 ordinance feature: Developers must offer one sample home with solar; all with
solar option.
In addition, solar readiness will be further defined through building design to
accommodate panels on south -facing roofs, avoid penetrations and obstructions, while
providing sufficient structural engineering to allow for additional weight on the roof,
known as "dead load."
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 17
Net Zero Buildings
In 2004, Palm Desert built the first LEED certified building in the Coachella Valley, and
now it has eleven that qualify or are in process. Now the City will support the State's
move toward net zero energy building (NZE).
Recommended Action BE 4
Develop, define, and promote a net zero energy building approach and timeline.
Recommended Action BE 5
Provide incentives, plan, and coordinate demonstration project(s).
Existing Buildings
The Green Building Ordinances and the California Building Code focus on new
construction, important for making sure that all new buildings are highly efficient, but
Palm Desert is largely "built out." This means that to reap large energy savings benefits,
the focus has to be on existing buildings. They can be surveyed for their efficiency and
solar potentials, the City can assist the property owners in many ways, and the City can
launch energy savings campaigns for specific, hard -to -reach demographics.
Recommended Action BE 6
Survey existing buildings' efficiency, sustainability, and solar potential.
Recommended Action BE 7
Identify the benefit to property owners offered by local, State and Federal tax incentives and
rebates for retrofits.
Recommended Action BE 8
Design targeted homeowner energy education programs for specific demographic audiences.
Municipal Buildings
The City will continue to lead by making sure that its buildings are efficient. Upgrades
could include waterless urinals, modern climate controls and occupancy sensors,
efficient lighting, etc. As funding becomes available, the City will invest in additional,
cost-effective solar systems.
Recommended Action BE 9
Continue to retrofit/renovate Civic Center and other City buildings with advanced energy/water
efficiency measures.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 18
Recommended Action BE 10
Add capacity to the solar systems at Civic Center; move/incorporate car -ports that are
currently shaded.
Hotels and Resorts
The Set to Save program has initiated a peer -to -peer hotel and resort energy
management program. The City supports this effort and participates in it. The City can
also design a program for small hotels that will identify energy and dollar -saving
opportunities, such as existing utility and state incentives and potentially EIP
assessments.
Technical services can steer hoteliers toward specific measures to assist a hotel in
improving its bottom line, the comfort of its guests, and its contribution to sustainability.
Other program highlights being discussed are "mentoring" by the larger hotel chains,
hotel sustainability audits, technical support, and guest information services.
Recommended Action BE 11
Support Set to Save partners in developing a hotel mentoring, peer -to -peer efficiency
initiative.
A number of greening opportunities involve positioning Palm Desert as an eco-tourism
destination. Imagine visitors coming to Palm Desert to relax, but also to learn about
solar power, wind turbines, and geothermal energy. Conferences might be situated in
Palm Desert to demonstrate the principles in reality, and throughout the community.
There are a number of action plans to build this reputation, making it part of the visitor
experience. Eco-tours can be promoted. Locally, interested citizens can form to discuss
what the green country club of the future might look like.
Recommended Action BE 12
Work with Chamber et al to promote sustainability as part of the "visitor experience."
Recommended Action BE 13
Develop a task force to position Palm Desert as an "Eco-Tourism" destination.
Recommended Action BE 14
Co -promote "Eco-Tours" of wind turbines, solar systems, desert ecosystems, wildlife, and the
Salton Sea.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 19
Parking Lots
Parking lots offer potential for a number of sustainability upgrades. The City has a
parking lot ordinance seeking to provide shade on 50% of its parking stalls. Additional
recommendations for a study of this sector:
• Identify potential for solar -covered shaded spaces.
• Identify where upgrades to the surface of the lot could be improved, for
permeability and/or to offset heat island effect.
• Provide preferred parking to encourage alternate energy and fueled
vehicles, hybrids, car share and carpool vehicles.
• Provide incentives to retrofit parking lot lighting with LED or other high -
efficiency lights.
Recommended Action BE 15
Assess potential for Tight -colored surfaces and shading to reduce urban heat island effect.
Recommended Action BE 16
Provide incentives and/or demonstrations for light-colored parking lot surfaces.
Recommended Action BE 17
Assess potential for semi -permeable paving systems.
Recommended Action BE 18
Provide incentives and/or demonstrations for semi -permeable paving systems.
Recommended Action BE 19
Provide preferential parking for alternate vehicles, hybrids, car share, carpool vehicles.
Recommended Action BE 20
Provide incentives to retrofit parking lot lighting with LED or other high -efficiency lights.
Urban Forestry
Trees in any community provide profound benefits, from shading to ambiance and
sense of permanence. The City of Palm Desert has been deliberate in growing its urban
forest, and in maintaining it. Recently the City completed an inventory of trees on public
land. These trees each sequester about 28 pounds of CO2 per year.
The City can now extend its inventory of trees to the private sector, assessing the
number of trees, their types and location. The City can support certain varieties, taking
care not to shade potential solar rooftops.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 20
Recommended Action BE 21
Continue urban forestry initiatives on City land to minimize urban heat island and maximize
sequestration.
Recommended Action BE 22
Complement the recent City inventory with an inventory of privately -owned and maintained
[trees.
Energy Management
Palm Desert has been a leader with energy management in the Coachella Valley for at
least a decade. Council, senior management and staff have masterfully guided Palm
Desert to be an energy inspiration for all of California. Its building standards eclipse Title
24; its Civic Center showcases solar power. In the past two years, Palm Desert has
joined the ranks of Berkeley and San Francisco as the "sustainable energy pioneers" in
California.
Principle
Continue to exhibit leadership by demonstrating energy efficiency and use of solar power.
Principle
Continue to exhibit leadership by financing property owners' efficiency upgrades and solar
installations.
Palm Desert's quest for energy independence — local responsibility in partnership with
utilities -- has not gone without mention. In the past three years, this preeminence has
expanded statewide, and even nationally.
Community Energy Partnership
In 2002 the City of Palm Desert joined the Six Cities Energy Partnership ("the
Partnership"), an innovative utility -sponsored program managed by The Energy
Coalition, a non-profit organization based in Orange County.
With enthusiastic City leadership, and with the financial support of the Partnership
(funded by California ratepayers under the auspices of the Califomia Public Utilities
Commission), the City took on a number of activities for the first time. Within two years
Palm Desert's accomplishments included:
• Drafting the City's first comprehensive Energy Plan
• Establishing the position of Director, Office of Energy Management for the City
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 21
• Planning for the Visitors Center building which received the first LEED rating
certification in the Coachella Valley, ultimately achieving the certification level of
LEED Silver
• Hosting the 2003 Aspen Accord of senior utility, city government, and California
Public Utilities Commission regulators
• Completing "efficiency tune-ups" that reached over 600 homes and 300
businesses
• Incorporating the Peak Student Energy Actions program in all elementary
schools
Over the next three years, the Community Energy Partnership continued and expanded
these energy efficiency efforts, bringing energy awareness and new efficiencies to
hundreds more families and businesses. Through door-to-door outreach activities,
community events, demonstration projects and recognition at City Hall, Palm Desert
made clear its commitment to saving energy for the benefit of its citizens and of the
State.
Set to Save
In 2005, the City of Palm Desert's leaders and members of the Aspen Accord signed
the "Estonia Protocol" drafted by City of Palm Desert Council members. Its objectives
led to the development of "The Palm Desert 30:30 Strategic Plan" in 2006. The bold
goals set forth by this document — to save 30% in electricity and natural gas
consumption in five years across the entire City, have driven significant energy actions
in the City since then.
The Energy Partnership between Palm Desert, Southern Califomia Edison, The Gas
Company, and The Energy Coalition was first funded with $14,000,000 to implement the
"Set to Save" program. These funds — matched with City funds for local marketing and
outreach -- have been used in a number of ways:
• Establishing the Office of Energy Management and storefront
• Marketing "Set to Save," the partnership name for the 30:30 program
• Offering special incentives for early HVAC replacement and pool pump upgrades
• Offering free in -home and in -business energy audits
So far, the City is about 40% of the way to achieving the 30:30 goals. The work
continues at the time of this writing. The City of Palm Desert intends to continue this
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 22
partnership into the next utility funding cycle with its utility partners, both Southem
Califomia Edison and Southern California Gas.
Goal
Successfully complete the 30:30 program.
Energy Independence Program
In 2008, the City's now well-known AB 811 legislation became law, proving that a small
city can leverage huge opportunities for all cities and counties in California. It amended
the California Streets and Highways Code and enabled municipal assessment districts
to include efficiency and renewable system upgrades.
Palm Desert immediately launched the Energy Independence Program with a broad
vision of securing the energy future. The first in California, the Energy Independence
Program has provided loans for hundreds of homeowners and provided financing for
over $7.5 million in energy projects that will result in over $40 million in savings in time.
The success of these initiatives is significant. This Plan builds on dramatic successes,
setting the bar that much higher.
The City also sets net zero building energy goals to support State initiatives, and to
support the local economy. While considered far-fetched a few years ago, the net zero
building movement provides architects and builders with new specialties and
opportunities for income generation.
Goal
Encourage net zero energy buildings to achieve 10% penetration of new construction starts in
five years.
The City has also taken on legislative efforts regarding utility regulations and solar
tariffs. Working with Assembly member Brian Nestande, the City pursued a form of
feed -in tariff to compensate property owners for extra power they may produce when
they are out of town. This work continues. Palm Desert recognizes that local actions
must in many cases be enabled by changes at the State and federal level.
Recommended Actions
Set to Save
Recommended Action EM 1
Monitor Set to Save, report results and variances to City Manager and City Council quarterly
to gauge and support its five-year goals.
Objectively review savings reports and program status. Provide this information to the
partner utilities and the CPUC to build a case for completing the pilot program.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 23
In September of 2009, the City was notified that funding for the next phase of the Set to
Save program was in jeopardy. While SCE and SCG had applied for a combined $18
million for the coming two years, the CPUC only authorized one -sixth of the funding.
The Commission was neither convinced that the pilot is particularly unique, nor that its
savings are bona fide. It may or may not provide additional funds after an evaluation is
complete.
The City will work with Southem Califomia Edison and The Gas Company to secure
ongoing program funding and support. The City will also work to generate added
support from government, foundations, non -profits, manufacturers, and others.
rRecommended Action EM 2
LSubmit re -application to provide support and resource funding to continue the Set to Save
program.
Examine with partners the use and potential for an infusion of resources to augment
programs. This might include additional tune-ups, additional incentives for efficiency
technologies, and special solar incentives.
Recommended Action EM 3
Explore and apply for alternative funding for Set to Save from utilities, CEC, DOE, and other
sources.
Recommended Action EM 4
Expand Set to Save to include water efficiency and air qualiineasures into site visits.
In addition to providing referrals to home improvement contractors, Palm Desert's Office
of Energy Management could work with contractors and suppliers to provide special
services for property owners, to accelerate improvements to buildings. "Special deals"
might be designed for:
• Home efficiency audits
• Home weatherization services
• Lighting retrofits
• Home weatherization products
• Plumbing services
• Solar installations
• Water -efficient landscaping services
• Indoor air testing services
Recommended Action EM 5
Work with local contractors to develop innovative programs for Set to Save participants such
as the special "one stop shop" pool pump pricing.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 24
Energy Independence Program Loans
In 2008, the Energy Independence Program (EIP) was formed and added another key
tool for the City to meet its 30:30 goals. EIP allows residents to borrow for permanent
energy upgrades — both for energy efficiency measures and renewable energy
generation — using the assessment district mechanism.
As a result of AB 811, Palm Desert is known as an energy leader not only in the
Coachella Valley, but throughout California. Its mayor, City Council and staff are
regularly quoted and their input is solicited on new legislation and the design of new
programs.
Recommended Action EM 6
Assure that the Energy Independence Program has ample funding at reasonable interest
rates.
A top priority of the City Council, in regard to energy management, is making sure that
the City has ample funds to lend EIP participants. Thus far, the program has been
marked by starts and stops, disrupting momentum and falling short of program
potentials. Sorting this out, and assuring continued funding, is a top priority for Palm
Desert to achieve energy savings and climate protection results.
Bridge financing, or interim financing, is key. Until the bond market is familiar with these
portfolios of assessments, Palm Desert will have to determine where to get the funds,
potentially from the general fund, RDA monies, foundations, and private
benefactors/investors. The current bond validation procedure is an important step in
securing funds at reasonable interest rates.
Recommended Action EM 7
As funding becomes available, un-cap loan sizes.
Once funds are secured to provide bridge and long-term financing for the Energy
Independence Program, and the real estate market rebounds to some extent, the City
can consider "un-capping" loan sizes to allow for larger efficiency and renewable energy
investments.
While striving to maintain a balance between caution and action, Palm Desert may find
a win -win solution in providing for larger loans that will realize bigger savings — energy
and avoided CO2 — while the higher volumes of aggregated loans will help to drive
down bond interest rates.
Recommended Action EM 8
Expand list of eligible technologies to include water efficiency and other sustainable
measures.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 25
The Energy Independence Program currently funds energy upgrades — higher -efficiency
air conditioners and pumps; rooftop solar systems. While staying within the definition of
"permanent improvements," the City will explore offering loans for property owners to
replace toilets, and to install waterless urinals, drip irrigation systems, desert
landscaping, etc.
Federal Stimulus
Immediate actions can be taken that are no cost. Others — such as administering the
Energy Independence Program -- are low cost relative to their benefits and need to be
carefully evaluated. The City seeks to leverage program opportunities, minimizing risk
and maximizing citizen, business, and municipal benefit.
Recommended Action EM 9
Continue to track stimulus grant opportunities.
Program announcements are being made on numerous stimulus funding opportunities
that the City is tracking. Some funding opportunities require innovative partnerships and
arrangements that may require special attention.
Recommended Action EM 10
Develop partnerships and prepare grant applications for innovative projects.
There is a need to continue to foster a climate of suggestion and innovation within City,
to continue to develop innovative partnerships, preparing grant applications, and
contract partnerships, focusing on and preparing for "the green moment."
Student Actions
The City recognizes the profound impact of students on our future. Thus, it will continue
to develop and deliver school programs such as PEAK. This can foster new lesson
plans, specials, field trips, etc. that excite kids and stimulate action. The City can
provide support projects to start "energy clubs" in local middle and high schools.
Similarly, the City can collaborate with COD to develop/enhance its "Energy
Management" course.
Recommended Action EM 11
Expand delivery of school energy efficiency programs to educate young families and leverage
lasting change.
Recommended Action EM 12
Support school programs with field trips, special speakers, "energy clubs" in middle and high
schools, etc. -
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 26
Office of Energy Management
There are many roles for the existing Office of Energy Management. Given the
dominance of energy management in the realm of cost effective measures for
sustainability, it is of great importance and will necessarily be of growing importance.
The roles provide a variety of customer services:
• Technical services such as advising and facilitating complete demonstration
home retrofits.
• Basic customer support helping citizens take advantage of Set to Save
discounts, Energy Independence Program financing.
• Providing a "storefront" to showcase demonstration items, with counter space
and meeting spaces for customers, periodic workshops.
• Proposal and grant writing: Proposals to be a smart meter demonstration city,
or micro -grid pilot.
• Maintain campaigns and program visibility, with technology give-aways, and
perhaps an electronics educational program for business.
Recommended Action EM 13
Help citizens with Set to Save discounts, EIP financing, solar incentives, contractor referrals,
technical assistance.
Working with the Fuel Cell Consortium, College of the Desert and/or other
educational/research organizations, and outside funding resources, Palm Desert will
explore installing a fuel cell power generation plant within one of its buildings. Fuel cells
convert natural gas at high efficiencies, potentially a major opportunity for meeting 30:30
program goals while demonstrating the City's thirst for first-hand experience with new
and promising technologies.
Recommended Action EM 14
Provide "storefront" with demo items, counter space, meeting area; periodic 101 workshops
on efficiency and solar.
• Advertising campaigns (Web site, BrightSide, Desert Sun, etc.).
• Partner with manufacturers, installers to get group purchase discounts.
• Develop and deliver special "senior savings" campaign.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 27
Recommended Action EM 15
Propose to be a smart meter demonstration city to encourage and track community and
individual meter usage and savings.
Recommended Action EM 16
Maintain campaigns and program visibility; use contests and technology give-aways, e.g.,
smart power strips, etc.
IRecommended Action EM 17
Develop "plug -load" electronics education and action program for businesses and institutions.
r Recommended Action EM 18
Develop proposal for homeowners association demonstration micro -grid to demonstrate net
zero concept.
Recommended Action EM 19
Plan demonstration project to showcase fuel cell technology in large hotel or institution.
Messaging
Several actions relate to messaging, and keeping the word fresh and current in the
community about sustainability, and in this case energy management.
Recommended Action EM 20
Maintain the message of "save energy, money, and the environment" through on -going
advertising, BrightSide, etc.
1 R oce mmended Action EM 21
Partner with manufacturers and installers to get and promote group purchase discounts.
Recommended Action EM 22
Develop and deliver special "senior savings" campaign.
Program Design
While IID serves a small fraction of the City of Palm Desert, residents within these
pockets do not currently have access to programs funded by Edison. This complicates
marketing Set to Save, as well as Energy independence Program assessments and
California Solar Initiative rebates. The City can work with IID to develop comparable
programs and services.
IRecommended Action EM 23 I
Encourage IID to offer additional energy -saving programs with task force participation and
specific recommendations.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 28
Policy Initiatives
AB 811 Financina Provisions: At the Federal level, Palm Desert continues to be active
in promoting tax-exempt financing for AB 811 loans. This would lower interest rates,
making the program more attractive to participants, and increasing energy savings and
thus climate protection values. A new opportunity involves bonds backed with federal
guarantees.
l Recommended Action EM 24
Continue to promote tax-exempt financing and government backed bonds for EIP loans.
Feed -In Tariffs: The City of Palm Desert continues to promote effective feed -in tariffs in
the California legislature to provide a complementary incentive structure for solar
developments — particularly related to multi -metered commercial and residential
properties -- so that cost-effective solar production can be maximized and excess power
generation from a solar system can be fairly compensated.
Recommended Action EM 25
Continue to promote feed -in tariff legislation for owners to maximize rooftops through solar
power development and to help the City achieve its CO2 reduction goals.
Utility Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) advocacy: One of the most profound
aspects of Palm Desert's carbon footprint is electricity, and its relative carbon content.
As the utilities achieve their RPS goals, their emissions are lessened. In turn, Palm
Desert's footprint is lessened.
For this reason, Palm Desert is interested, and may elect to lobby for, goals being met
despite the challenges. The City can also track regulatory matters at the CPUC and
CEC, preparing testimony and testifying as warranted on utility regulations from RPS to
efficiency portfolios.
Recommended Action EM 26
Continue to advocate that utilities achieve renewable portfolio standards.
Recommended Action EM 27
Track, comment, influence CPUC hearings/CEC meetings on efficiency/distributed generation.
One proven means of developing regulatory and legislative interest is by forming a
Leadership Palm Desert program of young and upcoming professionals in the
community. This form of workforce has been used to tackle issues of importance in
other cities; these young professionals may well be eager for policy engagement.
Recommended Action EM 28
Form a Citizens Sustainability Committee to advise City and promote "Leadership Palm
Desert" for young professionals.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 29
Renewable Energy
The City realizes that to reach its 30:30 goals it will have to promote solar power in a
significant way. Current incentives may be insufficient. Thus the City may provide
additional incentives, or piggy -back incentives, if need be. This need will be tracked;
potentially limited offers can be explored to spur local investments and thus economic
activity and jobs.
Recommended Action EM 29
Explore the need/opportunity for additional incentives for renewable energy installations.
Recommended Action EM 30
Provide additional incentives to help reach City goals.
Green Jobs
Jobs have been mentioned throughout the Plan. Strategically shifting to environmental
sustainability will open up many avenues for green jobs, from low-level manual labor, to
highly trained engineering and other technical services. The City can proactively work
with its institutions of higher learning — College of the Desert, Cal State San Bemardino,
and University of California at Riverside — to promote green curricula and training
programs.
Recommended Action EM 31
Working with College of the Desert, add technical training in the areas of energy efficiency
and renewables.
Recommended Action EM 32
Support Cal State in expanding research capabilities into alternative fuels, transportation,
energy, water.
Recommended Action EM 33
Promote a new course in environmental studies/sustainability at business school at University
of California at Riverside.
Recommended Action EM 34
Identify and promote meaningful jobs in the economy that are attractive for younger
generations.
Local Level
Energy, naturally, is a critical resource. Electricity, the most refined energy product, is
responsible for nearly 40% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Palm Desert is
directed to focus on electricity use and how to reduce its use while maintaining services.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 30
Energy management at the local level is done through ordinances such as the "solar
ready" ordinance in the Built Environment section.
Long Term
Long-term energy visions for Palm Desert range considerably. Many Resource Team
members believe that the City can go far beyond simply reducing energy use in the
future. With a strong trio of wind, sunshine, and geothermal energy, the Coachella
Valley is rich in renewable energy.
This Plan suggests that these explorations be considered by a proposed Sustainability
Committee, recognizing that there is merit in exploring possibilities and finding
potentially unique opportunities. This can take the form of incentives per kW of capacity
(to complement the CSI incentives), expedited permitting, negotiable variances (height,
architectural review), and City -sponsored recognition.
Materials Management
Palm Desert takes great pride, and deserves recognition, for its comprehensive efforts
with materials management. When California passed AB 939, the Integrated Waste
Management Act of 1989, Californians were throwing away 90% of their waste.
Diverting half of this from landfills by the year 2000 seemed impossible.
Within a single year, Palm Desert instituted its first curbside recycling program. By the
year 2000, Palm Desert reached and surpassed the 50% diversion goal. The diversion
rate is now at 72% and growing.
This success was certainly not without effort. The City and its staff took action
promoting recycling at fairs, schools, and community events, launching and maintaining
the "Recycle Binny" advertisements, instituting commercial recycling programs,
managing commercial solid waste disposal, supporting green waste and biomass fuel
programs, developing demonstration food waste programs, and helping to develop local
markets for recycled materials.
When one thinks of materials management and progressive waste management,
recycling immediately comes to mind. But recycling is only one element of waste
management. Waste management involves landfills, composting facilities, incinerators,
etc. Recycling is third priority of Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and "Recover."
Principle
The City embraces a "cradle -to -cradle" approach to materials management, from its
manufacturing to disposal and reuse.
Waste management is an element of the larger field called "materials management." It
consists of management of the entire "life cycle" of materials — the make-up and origin
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 31
of original components or products, how they are managed during their useful life, and
how they are dealt with at the end of their lives. This is known as a "cradle to grave"
perspective. This is refined with a "cradle -to -cradle" approach in which there is no
disposal, only re -use and "net zero."
Goal
Increase overall City landfill diversion rate from 72% to 75% in five years.
Goal
Implement a construction debris ordinance for private projects by 2010, complemented by
contractor education.
Goal
Pioneer innovative recycling approaches with commercial segments such as restaurants and
hotels.
Recommended Actions
Raising Awareness
Without question, achieving a 75% diversion rate will involve continued marketing and
outreach, raising awareness to boost participation levels. This can be done in a variety
of ways, none particularly compelling, but essential in aggregate. The notion of
developing and marketing a "green supplier of the month" speaks to the times.
Recommended Action MM 1
Continue recycling and re -use awareness through initiatives with schools, civic groups,
volunteers, etc.
Recommended Action MM 2
Develop targeted educational materials for young students, seniors, businesses, etc.
Recommended Action MM 3
Join forces with labeling program(s) for upstream packaging initiatives.
Recommended Action MM 4
Develop a 'Palm Desert Green Supplier of the Month" promotion.
City Leadership
The City of Palm Desert has led in materials management, and will continue to do so
through purchasing policies, waste stream audits, and action plans.
Recommended Action MM 5
Enhance municipal purchasing policy to recognize sustainable materials management.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 32
Recommended Action MM 6
Audit waste streams of government buildings to ascertain baseline usage. Begin with Civic
Center.
Recommended Action MM 7
I Set goals, policies, and procedures based on waste stream audit. Re-evaluate every two
years.
Recommended Action MM 8
Implement program to reach municipal diversion goal including investments in bins, signage,
etc._
Deeper Education
Part of an effective campaign is capturing interest. What's interesting about recycling?
The "Dirty Dozen" program is an ongoing means of shedding light on particularly difficult
materials to recycle. It is aimed to marshal community involvement and change
behavior.
For example, the "Dirty Dozen" might include Styrofoam food service containers, or
plastic bags, or Styrofoam packaging peanuts. Engage residents by developing a
contest based on getting residents to send in their list of offenders.
IRecommended Action MM 9
Create an "Annual Dirty Dozen" initiative to focus community efforts on the least recyclable
materials.
Recommended Action MM 10
Develop and present home composting information.
Food Waste
Managing food waste is more challenging than managing green landscaping or wood
waste, yet is vital if Palm Desert is to reach sustainability goals. Palm Desert has
encouraged food waste management in the past; a reinvigorated effort is
recommended. A food waste demonstration project starts with education about ordering
and preparing food to avoid waste in the first place, then moves to distribution of excess
food, and finally to dealing with food waste. This can be developed in conjunction with
neighboring cities.
Recommended Action MM 11
Introduce the pilot food waste program to markets, hotels, and more restaurants.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 33
Composting at home — or in HOAs, businesses, schools or other facilities — is relatively
easy, healthful and very effective at reducing amounts of green and some organic
waste. Composting can also be combined with community gardens. A composting
workshop helps participants understand what can and can't be composted, which bins
or containers are available or appropriate, and how to keep the compost pile "healthy
and active."
Recommended Action MM 12
Work with Burrtec to create a food waste demonstration project for homes and businesses.
Construction Materials
Re -use of construction materials will help in many ways, eliminating waste and
providing high quality materials. A creative idea is to open a center and to build a City -
sponsored database that lists inventory at the facility. Then contractors (and
homeowners) can buy, sell, and swap. The City might also sponsor lectures or training
sessions on salvaging recycled building materials.
Recommended Action MM 13
Identify and arrange for storage area/facility for reusable construction building materials.
Recommended Action MM 14
Build and update City -sponsored database that lists inventory at the re -usable construction
material facility.
Recommended Action MM 15
Support training for architects and green builders on the use of salvaged recycled building
materials.
Recycling Incentives
The City has and will remain open to all sorts of creative means of giving incentives and
recognition. It will consider adopting or designing a recycling "rewards" program that
identifies the amount of waste generated by a particular family or business and gives
points for rewards. Schools, apartment complexes, and business parks can compete for
prizes based on recycling.
Recommended Action MM 16
Explore need/cost for additional incentives for recycling and materials management.
Recommended Action MM 17
1
Promote a "Recycling Rewards" system to identify waste champions diverting the highest
percent waste.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan
Page 34
E Recommended Action MM 18
Establish waste reduction competitions with prizes for schools, apartment complexes, and
business parks.
Mandatory Recycling
Recommended Action MM 19
Draft and pass ordinances for mandatory residential and commercial recycling by 2012.
The City of Palm Desert will continue to lead the way with an immediate government
projects requirement for mandatory diversion of 100% inert and 75% of other
construction debris, and by 2012 for the rest of the community.
Key to mandatory recycling is the means for all to participate. The City will work with its
vendor, Burrtec, to make bins available to all residents and businesses. It will then begin
to draft ordinance for mandatory use to be required by 2012 for all residential and
commercial customers.
Recommended Action MM 20
Immediate City projects recycling requirements: 100% inert, 75% other construction material.
Recommended Action MM 21
Enact by 2011 an ordinance for residential, commercial, and construction debris, that requires
mandatory diversion of 100% inert, 75% other debris by 2012
Recommended Action MM 22
Make bins available to all residents, businesses, and construction sites; provide periodic bin
inspections.
Enforcement will require both penalties and incentives. Penalties will come in the form
of "red tagging" a construction or renovation project until recycling requirements are
met.
Regional Air Quality
Coming from the Los Angeles Basin into the Coachella Valley, one is struck by the
difference in air quality. In the desert, it seems as though mountains are clearer and
closer; colors are at the same time brighter and more nuanced. Take a deep breath, no
smell of diesel. At night, stars are clearly visible. This is the desert that attracts people
from all over the country and visitors from all over the world.
But long-time residents have more to say about air quality: "On a bad day, you can
watch the smog blowing down the valley from Los Angeles." "High winds and blowing
sand that caused problems for motorists in the Coachella Valley on Tuesday are
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 35
expected through Wednesday afternoon. In Palm Springs, police shut down Gene Autry
Trail at the wash about 2:30 p.m. due to "zero visibility." (weather report) Clearly, air
quality is an issue for Palm Desert — and an issue that will require not only local efforts
but regional cooperation to address.
Principle
Palm Desert is committed to regional collaboratives to combat negative regional air quality.
Palm Desert lies within the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD), the
local agency responsible for implementing and enforcing emissions primarily from
stationary sources of air pollution. Emission standards for mobile sources within the
region are set by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
In addition to these agencies, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments
(CVAG), of which Palm Desert is a member, plays a significant role in addressing local
air quality issues. Palm Desert has been and will continue to be committed to working
with each of these to alleviate air quality concerns.
Air quality in Palm Desert is impacted by growth and activity in the Los Angeles Basin.
With prevailing winds traveling from the west, every day the Coachella Valley "imports"
smog and dust. Coastal cities have improved their air quality, but steady increases in
population and attendant development — particularly in Riverside County — have
resulted in little reprieve.
Principle
The City will actively address local air quality issues.
During the development process, there is a potential to negatively impact air quality if
soil stabilization techniques are not implemented. When construction occurs over the
delicate cover of the desert floor, the natural groundcover is disturbed and sand
becomes airborne. Over the past 20 years, Palm Desert has addressed these man-
made Particulate Matter — 10 (PM-10) issues; the region is verging on achieving
attainment status now.
Goals and Visions
The most basic vision is just and far-reaching: The goal for air quality in Palm Desert is
for there to be no visible smog or particles in the air. A second goal is to help the
Coachella Valley meet State and Federal air quality standards, for the health and safety
of all Valley residents.
Goal
Reduce airborne particulates during annual over -seeding process.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 36
Goal
Work in regional collaboration to remove PM 10 from the air.
Goal
Continue participation with South Coast Air Quality Management District to support PM 2.5
removal.
The recommended action steps presented in this section fall into two primary
categories: outdoor and indoor air quality. Other sections of this Plan also support the
City's goals for air quality, for instance encouraging less driving.
Regional and State Policies
Working with CVAG includes helping to select projects to be funded by "non -attainment"
fees. The City can support CVAG with written and oral testimony as needed in hearings
and committee meetings.
Recommended Action RAQ 1
Continue to work with and support CVAG in developing regional solutions to air quality issues.
Recommended Action RAQ 2
1
Track and support as warranted, regional, state, national, and international policies to clean
the air.
Landscaping
One of the major pollutants of outdoor air comes from seasonal "scalping" of turf, both
residential and on golf courses.
In 2008 CVAG created a model ordinance for member jurisdictions and developed a
landscaping certification program for landscaping companies, with the recommendation
that enforcement take place in the business license process.
Recommended Action RAQ 3
Develop a sustainable landscape education program for current and prospective home
owners and home owners associations.
Visitor Information
Visitors to Palm Desert have long expressed their desire to have it "lush." They like
green vegetation and rushing waters. This speaks to the need to begin a gradual
process of education on the beauty of natural desert landscaping.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 37
Recommended Action RAQ 4
Develop additional community and visitor information to highlight the benefits of desert
landscaping.
Potential Landscaping Incentives
There are a number of means of providing incentives for water efficient landscaping: For
instance, the City will partner with CVWD to offer incentives for replacing turf with native
low water -use plants, trees and ground cover. The City can partner with AQMD to hold
periodic "lawn -mower trade-ins" to replace gasoline -powered lawn mowers with
electrical models. And it can promote the services of "solar landscaping services" (that
use on -site solar power to recharge their equipment) and other landscapers who use
green practices in their professions.
[ecommended Action RAQ 5
Explore additional incentives to encourage residents to change their landscaping practices.
1 Recommended Action RAQ 6
Implement incentives for replacing turf with native low water -use plants, trees, ground cover
and "hard-scapes."
Recommended Action RAQ 7
Cooperate with SCAQMD to hold "lawn -mower trade-ins", to replace gasoline -powered lawn
mowers with electric models or push mowers.
Indoor Air Quality
People spend as much as 90% of their time indoors. The health of our homes and work
places, therefore, is profound. Studies have shown that the levels of pollutants inside
buildings can be as much as 2 - 5 times higher than outdoor levels.
Indoor air quality is negatively affected by a number of factors:
• Building materials release gases into the space.
• Indoor air quality suffers from a lack of ventilation, high temperatures and
humidity.
Fortunately, healthier building materials are rapidly becoming more available at
competitive prices and many lessons are being leamed about making healthier living
and work environments.
The Green Building Standards Code coming into effect at year end 2009 contains
requirements for ventilation (during construction) and a 14-day flush -out process before
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 38
a building is inhabited. These new construction standards also list volatile organic
compound limits for paints and coatings, carpets, flooring, and insulation.
Since Palm Desert is mostly built out, the focus on cleaning the air needs to be on
existing buildings and to intervene during remodeling. Most homes and businesses are
continually refreshing or re -decorating interior spaces --- and they can be encouraged to
use healthier building materials and to install air-to-air heat exchangers in extreme
situations.
Raising IAQ Awareness
There are many ways to raise awareness about indoor air quality. A basic means is to
develop and distribute a flyer specifically on indoor air quality for property owners and/or
contractors. Information might be distributed at the permitting desk of the City;
brochures at retail establishments where paints, carpeting, etc. are sold. The City can
prepare and publish alerts in the BrightSide, on the City Website, and potentially outside
advertising resources. The City can also support presentations to home owners
associations and other community groups, service clubs, and church groups.
r Recommended Action RAQ 8
Develop a strategy and plan for raising awareness on indoor air quality including brochures for
home owners and contractors.
Recommended Action RAQ 9
Provide community information through the BrightSide, City website, etc.
Cleaning Products
Indoor air quality can also be affected by products that property owners typically use for
cleaning. New "green" products are coming onto the market and Paim Desert will
identify reference materials and links that sell "green" cleaning products and post them
on the City's website for their promotion. The City can partner with manufacturers of
green cleaning products to provide discounts for Paim Desert consumers. This might
include a coupon in the BrightSide.
Recommended Action RAQ 10
Promote healthy and non-polluting consumer cleaning products through web site information
via a link on the City website and through publications in the BrightSide community newsletter.
Recommended Action RAQ 11
Utilize green cleaning products for municipal application where feasible.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 39
Transportation Resources
The City of Palm Desert has been a transportation leader in the Coachella Valley, and
the State and nation. In 1977, Palm Desert helped found the regional SunLine Transit
Agency to develop and run low -emission busses. Its fleet includes the most efficient and
clean buming buses in the world.
In 1993, Palm Desert sponsored Assembly Bill 1229 which allowed residents to use golf
carts for travel to schools, parks, businesses, shopping centers and government offices.
It was the first city in the nation to do so.
In 2001, when the South Coast Air Quality Management District implemented Rule
2202, Palm Desert established an employee commute program to reduce emissions by
providing incentives for altemative means of transportation. The City's Public Works
Department has made it a practice of replacing all gasoline -powered vehicles with
hybrid and alternate -fuel powered cars and trucks. And over 50 miles of committed
bicycle trails have been established, often in conjunction with golf cart lanes/routes. This
represents more bike trails than the rest of valley combined.
This leadership has resulted in a) transportation options, b) greater efficiency, and c)
cleaner air.
Principle
Palm Desert will enhance mobility and quality of life for residents and visitors by offering
transportation options.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency reports that transportation sources
accounted for 28% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2006. Transportation is
also the fastest -growing source of GHGs in the U.S. and is expected to increase
another 48% by 2025. At the local level, this translates into traffic congestion.
For Palm Desert to enhance its transportation and the mobility of its residents, it will
explore means of providing transportation options. It will reinvigorate the SunLine bus
system, continue to promote more energy -efficient and environmentally friendly modes,
and increase vehicle occupancy rates.
SunLine
The crown jewel of Palm Desert's commitment to transportation management is the
SunLine Transit Agency. Palm Desert's partnership with SunLine Transit Agency was
essential to establishing the regional bus line; Palm Desert's stewardship of the line has
been and continues to be essential to its progressive management.
Thanks to a loan from the City of Palm Desert, SunLine opened for business in 1977
just five years after Palm Desert was founded. It is now the Valley's transportation link
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 40
with a network of established routes. It has offered a variety of different -sized vehicles
from its first years in business. In conjunction with College of the Desert, SunLine
helped develop the Energy Technology Training Center for mechanics.
In 1994, SunLine converted its fleet to 100% Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). In 2000,
SunLine became a founding partner in the International Fuel Cell Consortium. In 2005,
the first in-service, hydrogen -fueled electric hybrid bus joined the SunLine fleet.
SunLine's successes have been recognized around the world, and Palm Desert
residents have benefitted from the years of low and even no -emission public
transportation.
Goals
The City of Palm Desert has been a leader in transportation, and will continue to be so.
This Plan sets goals for cutting gasoline use —through more efficient vehicles and fewer
vehicle miles travelled — both within the City government itself, and throughout the
community.
Given the enormity of GHGs related to automobile transportation, the City of Palm
Desert has taken and will continue to take a multifaceted, carefully staged approach to
transportation demand management.
Goal
Cut municipal fleet gasoline use by 5% in two years; 10% in five years.
Goal
Community -wide, reduce gasoline by 5% in five years, 10% in ten years.
Goal
Increase passenger miles in alternative vehicles and transport modes by 10% in five years
throughout the City.
This Plan takes into account a number of factors related to mobility in and out of Palm
Desert. Mobility that takes place within the City can involve walking, biking, golf carts,
and buses, not just autos. With its location in the center of the Coachella Valley, Palm
Desert is bound closely to its neighbors and to regional transportation trends and
issues. As a tourist and retail center, Palm Desert serves as a destination, drawing tens
of thousands of visitors from outside the area to its resorts and shopping areas.
The workers and suppliers who support these activities are also pulled in from outside
the City on a daily basis. This dramatic influx constantly challenges the City's traffic
management experts, and is responsible for regular congestion, time delays, and a
decrease in air quality.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 41
Biking
There is nothing more fundamental than offering safe walking and biking opportunities
to Palm Desert residents. Great strides have already been made to accommodate these
forms of transit. Currently the City is seeking a "Bicycle Friendly Community"
designation. By increasing these opportunities, intra-city vehicle miles travelled can be
cut by5-10%.
The City will continue to make sure that pedestrians have ample and safe sidewalks as
well as crosswalks. The City will continue to promote biking through the development of
bike lanes and in some instances bike paths. This Plan calls for increasing the
connectivity of Class 1 and 2 bike lanes and golf cart lanes to provide access
throughout the city.
r Recommended Action T 1
Develop plan for increasing the connectivity of Class 1 and 2 bicycle lanes and golf cart lanes.
Recommended Action T 2
Enhance the City's solar bus stop program with free solar bicycle recharging stations.
Recommended Action T 3
Expand the Walk -to -Work and Bike -to -Work campaigns with the help of bicycling clubs,
educational groups.
Other ways of promoting biking include expanding the City's solar bus stop program
with free solar bicycle recharging stations. The City can also identify existing altemative-
commuter facilities such as bike racks. It can also study the requirement and potential
for additional facilities to promote bike commuting.
Commuter Programs (City)
Altemative commuter incentives will be promoted within the City government and to
other employers. This helps to avoids peak travel time, which in turn increases safety,
and allows for cool early morning biking. The City can promote altemate fuel and/or
hybrid limousines and taxis.
Recommended Action T 4
Explore partnerships to increase "Rideshare Reward" incentives for golf cart, bicycle travel to
work.
Shuttles and Taxis
The City also can explore mass transit options for visitors' and locals' airport
connections, and enhancing and developing resort employee mass transit program.
Other options include incentives — such as bonus and buddy tickets for students,
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 42
tourists, seniors. The City can explore developing recognition program such as "Clean
Air Citizen of the Week." Addressing lessons learned from the failed Shopper Hopper,
intended to move passengers easily from the resorts to El Paseo, will be instructive. A
key challenge and opportunity is exploring how resorts can lessen reliance on private
automobiles to enhance the visitor experience.
Recommended Action T 5
Explore options for promoting multi -person vehicles for local transport: shuttles, vans, and
taxis.
Recommended Action T 6
Address lessons learned from the failed Shopper Hopper.
Recommended Action T 7
Enhance and develop resort employee mass transit program.
Recommended Action T 8
Develop incentives — such as bonus and buddy tickets -- for students, tourists, seniors.
Recommended Action T 9
Immediately promote taxi and limousine services that employ alternative fuels or hybrid
technologies.
Recommended Action T 10
IDevelop City policies requiring taxi and limousine services to be clean air vehicles.
Traffic Management
There are a number of options for traffic management, some involving commuters,
others involving truckers. Homeowner associations can establish sites to encourage
ride sharing for work and shopping. A commuter ride -share site already exists. The City
can publish it with community partners.
Recommended Action T 11
Develop and coordinate traffic management with adjacent cities.
Recommended Action T 12
Provide support for homeowner associations' sites for ride sharing for work, shopping.
Recommended Action T 13
Publicize existing commuter ride -share site.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 43
Community Education
There is no question that despite SunLine's great success, it is falling short of its
potentials in terms of popular acceptance and use. People may like to look at the buses,
but most don't ride them. Despite efforts to build ridership, it is generally relegated to
those that can't afford cars.
Mass transit is at the core of sustainability. Its energy intensity — measured in BTU's per
revenue passenger mile — varies wildly from single occupancy vehicles, to buses and
rail systems. This Plan begins a process of developing an outreach strategy to promote
mass transit.
The City can publish information and incentives in the "Brightside" and "Desert Sun,"
develop outreach campaigns for schools and local businesses, and provide full
information on mass transit options at employment centers. The City can also work with
SunLine on new promotions.
Recommended Action T 14
Develop outreach strategy to re-educate the public about transportation options within their
community.
1—Recommended Action T 15
Publish transportation maps, options and incentives in the "Brightside" and "Desert Sun."
Alternative Fuels
There are a number of ways to promote altemative transportation. These include
financing options as well as govemment mandates, and in this case, leading by
example.
Palm Desert intends to promote alternative fuels in a number of ways, through
upholding City fleet purchasing requirements, encouraging local employers to take
similar actions, continuing to explore new technologies to reduce VMT and emissions,
encouraging suppliers to the City to use altemate-fuel vehicles, partnering with hybrid or
alternate vehicle manufacturers to demonstrate new vehicles, and working with
govemment and non-govemmental organizations to be demonstration site for new fuel
mixes.
Recommended Action T 16
Codify City fleet purchasing requirements for altemative fuels.
Recommended Action T 17
Encourage employers in the City to develop policies to promote alternative fuel fleets.
1
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 44
Recommended Action T 18
Incent repetitive vendors to the City to use alternate -fuel vehicles.
[Recommended Action T 19
Partner with alternate vehicle manufacturers, universities, etc. to demonstrate new vehicles
and new fuel mixes.
Recommended Action T 20
Establish procurement policy for contracted emergency vehicles to the greatest extent
possible.
City Fleet
Palm Desert can boast an impressive array of alternatively fueled and propelled
vehicles. The City uses compact hybrids to run errands, and maintains trucks for heavy
earth moving. Public Works has taken several effective steps to be more and more
efficient. All agree, there is more that can be done with the City fleet.
For instance, replace larger trucks with smaller vehicles as appropriate, promote trip
planning (multiple tasks, one trip), and create contests, recognition events for
employees.
Recommended Action T 21
Optimize City fleet usage: Replace larger trucks with smaller vehicles as appropriate; promote
trip planning.
f Recommended Action T 22
l Create contests, recognition events for employees for reduced vehicle miles traveled (VMT).
Visitor Transportation
Visitors come to Palm Desert from around the world to enjoy its weather, golf, country
clubs, and exceptional ambience. The winter desert is wonderful, especially so to those
escaping the sleet, snow, and deep-freezes of their homes. Visitors come to thaw and
relax. Many look forward to NO driving!
For many visitors to Palm Desert, the experience begins at the Palm Springs airport.
There, visitors must typically rent cars, or take expensive taxis to their destinations. This
Plan promotes a convenient and relatively inexpensive altemative for airport
connections for both visitor experience and sustainability.
Recommended Action T 23 1
Work in collaboration with resort community to develop convenient, efficient airport -resort
shuttles.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 45
Once at their destinations, visitors who elect not to rent cars still have transportation
needs. To fulfill the auto -free vacation requirements, City will explore providing
additional bus stops, shuttle links, additional frequencies, downtown and conference
connections, etc.
Recommended Action T 24
Assure that hotel guests have ample transportation options and connections throughout their
visits.
Regional Transportation
Recent statistics show that there are nearly twice as many jobs in Palm Desert as there
are living units. Workers come to Palm Desert from outside on a daily basis, and then
travel through it to return home at the end of their workday. Nearly all of them use
personal automobiles for transportation.
The situation, from an energy, air quality, and congestion standpoint, is untenable and
inherently unsustainable. As such, the City of Palm Desert takes a long-term view to
effective transportation management. Palm Desert plans to continue to support the bus
system and help expand its effectiveness, support increased ridership through new
marketing and outreach and incentives, continue to support regional initiatives.
Recommended Action T 25
Continue to support the bus system and help expand its effectiveness.
Recommended Action T 26
Support increased ridership through new marketing and outreach and incentives by working in
collaboration with SunLine and others.
Recommended Action T 27
Continue to support regional initiatives, such as getting older cars off the road, smog checks,
etc.
Long -Term Transportation
In the long term, Palm Desert will broaden its award -winning transportation system by
offering altematives for its residents, commuters, and visitors. These altematives — in all
forms from additional bike lanes to shuttles and perhaps ultimately fixed guideways —
will enhance the quality of life in the desert. Concurrently, the City and region will be
attaining energy and environmental protection goals.
The most dramatic enhancement that Palm Desert can make to the sustainability of its
transportation system involves creating a regional transportation link using a "backbone"
in the Valley. For years, altemative transportation advocates have called for using the
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 46
Whitewater Channel as a regional transportation backbone. It could also link to high
speed rail to Los Angeles.
Developing a transportation backbone that uses a fixed or dedicated guide -way system
may take 10 - 20 years to complete. Steady leadership — and Valley -wide cooperation --
will be required to succeed in finding an agreeable alignment and building a system.
This Plan calls for ongoing investigation and discussions to advance the concept.
Recommended Action T 28
Continue to explore regional transportation strategies with one or more transportation
corridors.
School Siting
Recommended Action T 29
Develop task force to work with relevant school district to make sure that new school
construction brings schools back to communities to enable walking to school.
Water Management
Palm Desert has been a Coachella Valley and Southern Califomia leader in water
management. The City's focus on water conservation began in earnest in 1980. A fact-
finding trip to Arizona created the inspiration for Palm Desert's desert/drought tolerant
landscaping focus... what is known as "desert landscaping." This led to the City's first
desert landscaped median in 1984 along Fred Waring Drive 25 years ago.
Principle
Water conservation begins with reducing water waste.
Since then, the City has consistently managed its properties using the desert
landscaping model. In both policy and practice, Palm Desert has made a priority of
desert landscaping and "urban forestry" with clear results:
• The Visitors Center and the Henderson Community Center, LEED icons of Palm
Desert's sustainability initiatives, showcase desert landscaping and its beauty.
• The Water -Efficient Landscape Ordinance sets minimum water -efficient
landscape requirements for newly installed and renovated landscapes.
• The Weather -Based Irrigation Controller Program, in partnership with Coachella
Valley Water District, offers "smart" irrigation systems at a discount.
• The Nuisance Water Program focuses on eliminating wasteful and destructive
standing water or running water in gutters and street crossings, mostly from
overwatering.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 47
• Working with CVWD, Palm Desert has a world -class water reclamation system
for golf courses.
Water -Wise in the Desert
Palm Desert sits atop a huge aquifer that is more than 135 square miles in size. But its
levels have been steadily dropping since the early 1990s, causing Valley water
agencies, farmers, and other property owners to dig deeper and pump harder. Despite a
series of replenishment and recharge programs, water levels continue to decline.
Principle
Palm Desert will encourage and educate others on the value and appropriateness of desert
style landscaping.
Palm Desert thrives as a beautiful resort and retirement community. Surveys show that
lush is desirable. The City, therefore, seeks to balance responsible use and
visitor/resident amenities.
In addition to declining aquifer levels, the water situation is exacerbated by the fact that
external water supplies are tight. Colorado River water supplies are limited. Since 2006,
California has suffered from drought with snowpack, precipitation, and reservoir storage
well below average. Some say that the current situation in the Coachella Valley is the
"worst dry spell in 80 years."
Principle
Palm Desert aspires to a sustainable state in which water use equals reliable supply.
Palm Desert is focused, with its partner agencies, on both water supply and demand. In
terms of demand, the City is focused on both interior and exterior water use.
Goals
Palm Desert has three key goals for managing its water use: First, a new educational
campaign is presented to break complacency and to spur action. Second, the City will
match the electricity and natural gas 30:30 goal; cutting water use City-wide by 30% in
five years.
Goal
Re-educate residents and businesses in Palm Desert about the current water situation and
the need to conserve.
Goal
Reduce water use City-wide by 30% over the next five years through aggressive water
management and reclamation.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 48
The challenge — as with electricity and gas — is to achieve these deep cuts without Toss
of vacation and resort amenity, without reducing landscapes' aesthetic quality.
Goal
To the greatest extent possible, eliminate "nuisance water" in five years.
Third, the City will to the greatest extent possible eliminate nuisance water that results
from over -spray and malfunctioning irrigation systems, etc. Nothing is more troubling
than a precious resource heading down the drain.
Community Awareness
The City of Palm Desert has educated its residents on a number of resource issues,
from storm water management to recycling. Once again, residents and visitors to Palm
Desert need to be reminded and informed of the current water situation. This Plan calls
for a renewed awareness campaign about the Valley's water status. It will require
multiple messages featuring the benefits of treating water as a precious commodity.
The City can work with Coachella Valley Water District on a reinvigorated public media
campaign about the Valley's water status. This can include developing a series of public
service announcements — for TV, radio, and the press — that emphasize reality of the
current situation and thus the importance of water savings.
The City can develop simple printed checklists of water -saving tips, in both English and
Spanish. And it can distribute these tips widely at fairs, homeowner association
meetings, the Visitors' Center, tourist bureaus, restaurants, hotel lobbies, the Bright
Side, and on the website.
The City can develop educational materials to distribute through other channels
including the Chamber of Commerce, the Visitors and Convention Bureau, and real
estate developers. The City will consider expanding the public art program to include
desert landscaping.
Another option is to work directly with CVWD to explain the new tiered rates, promote
existing incentive programs for different categories of water customers and to develop
more urgent messaging. Deliver these messages via water bill inserts, local TV, etc.
Special messaging may be required for home owners associations.
The City of Palm Desert understands that its maximum leverage comes from educating
the next generation. Young students will pioneer highly efficient water use and — like
recycling -- it will become their norm.
Califomia teaching standards require education about water at all elementary levels.
The City will find and/or develop supplemental teaching materials that emphasize
conservation in the desert environment. These materials will be augmented through
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 49
student field trips to local water -management sites such as CVWD's "The Dam Tour,"
Water Reclamation Plant #10, and "net zero" homes as they are developed to
demonstrate comprehensive efficiency and gray water use.
Concurrent to launching a new campaign for judicious water use, the City of Palm
Desert will continue to support pricing — as with energy — that reflects its actual costs.
The tiered rates being introduced by CVWD are the first significant step toward this
recommendation and will likely have a significant and measurable conservation effect.
Helping to make consumers aware of this and other pricing changes will smooth the
transition to cost -based pricing.
Recommended Action WM 1
Educate citizens of the current status of water supplies through a refreshed and reinvigorated
public media campaign.
Recommended Action WM 2
Encourage or require time -of -use irrigating -- notably pre -dawn watering -- to minimize
evaporation.
Recommended Action WM 3
Create a community task force to work with CVWD to coordinate educational campaigns
including school focus.
Recommended Action WM 4
Support pricing and water -saving programs with Coachella Valley Water District so the City
achieves its goals.
r Recommended Action WM 5
Develop, plan, and potentially pilot educational program on gray -water irrigation.
Exterior Water Use
Palm Desert and CVWD have made notable progress in reducing water usage by golf
courses and in new residential and commercial developments. The majority of water
usage, however, takes place in existing homes and buildings supporting traditional
landscaping like turf and flower gardens. In Palm Desert, 70% of residential water use is
for outdoor consumption.
There are many ways to raise awareness and to effect change regarding exterior water
use. These include drafting and distributing descriptions and photos of appropriate
desert landscaping, contrasting traditional landscaping. This might be particularly
effective in older neighborhoods.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 50
Recommended Action WM 6
Draft and distribute descriptions and photos of appropriate desert landscaping, and
testimonials contrasting traditional, lush greenscapes with low water use landscapes with very
pleasing and sustainable plant materials.
The City can partner with others on tours of demonstration gardens and low-water
usage homes, and interview and write up the stories of people who have changed their
landscaping to be responsive to the regional water situation, and who have found
means of making drought -tolerant planting very aesthetically pleasing.
rS
Recommended Action WM 7
et up tours of demonstration gardens and low-water usage homes.
Creative means of getting action and transforming the look and feel include arranging
with local nurseries and co -promote special offers of water -efficient plants. These can
be supported by "reinvigorated" offers for drip irrigation and smart controller systems
through CVWD. Other options include promoting gray -water irrigation systems through
pilot programs and analysis.
Recommended Action WM 8
Partner with local nurseries and co -promote special offers of water -efficient plants.
Recommended Action WM 9
Continue supporting the offers for drip irrigation and smart controller systems through CVWD.
The City can help raise awareness about evaporation and its direct and societal costs.
The City can consider incentives to promote swimming pool covers and potentially
surfactants to reduce evaporation.
Recommended Action WM 10
l Explore education and incentives to limit swimming pool evaporation.
Interior Use
Interior water use has less potential for savings than exterior initiatives, but an effective
plan for water conservation includes all sectors and sources.
The existing Set to Save program for electricity and gas, or its successor program, can
be expanded to include water and to "tap" significant synergies, for instance including a
water efficiency element to the current 5,000 homes per year audits. The program can
provide additional incentives for toilet replacement, and/or provide follow-up
professional plumbing at a discounted group rate to fix home leaks. Another option for
residential water audits is to encourage and partner with CVWD to expand existing
audits (for golf courses and HOAs) to include residential properties. Commercial sector
programs can be customized, designed to address specific sectors of the economy.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 51
Palm Desert will explore the opportunity to develop a campaign to permeate the
community and various sectors. In the restaurant sector, conservation efforts might
have a goal of reaching 20% of all restaurants each year. Elements of the program
include recognition "window sticker" and table announcement cards describing the
program, drinking water on request only, in the restrooms, retrofit for on -demand water
heaters, instant -on faucets with automatic shut -offs, and low -flow toilets. In the kitchens,
there are opportunities for water -efficient dishwashers and efficient ice machines
Another City function is to coordinate with utility and Federal programs and rebates to
retrofit water -using appliances and to introduce or strengthen behavioral/awareness
programs at small hotels that lack the resources to do so on their own. Property owners
can retrofit laundry facilities to include high -efficiency washers for water and electricity
savings and dryers for gas and electricity savings. There are a number of means of
beating the water -saving drum such as announcing programs in lobbies, rooms, and on
websites.
Recommended Action WM 11
Analyze option of expanding CVWD's water ordinance 1302.1 to also include residential
properties with landscapes less than 5,000 square feet.
Recommended Action WM 12
Expand Set to Save to include water efficiency measures.
Recommended Action WM 13
Develop and target new water efficiency campaign for restaurant sector.
Recommended Action WM 14
Develop and target water efficiency campaign for small hotels.
Golf Courses
More than a dozen golf courses in CVWD territory use recycled water for at least part of
their irrigation. Reportedly, they'll take as much of this less -expensive water as they can
get. This water commodity is in great demand, and dovetails nicely with sustainability.
Much more water is needed to reach the goal of 100% of City golf courses to be
irrigated with recycled water.
Palm Desert can help existing golf courses by encouraging redesign of courses to
reduce the amount of land that requires irrigation, providing incentives for replacing
traditional grass with drought -tolerant species, providing incentives for installing
moisture -sensor, controlled irrigation systems.
Recommended Action WM 15
Support special water conservation training for golf course managers and golfers.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 52
Recommended Action WM 16
Promote golf course design and re -design that reduces the amount of land that requires
irrigation.
Recommended Action WM 17
Continue to support replacing "traditional" grass with more drought -tolerant species.
Recommended Action WM 18
Provide incentives for installing or upgrading existing computerized moisture -sensor,
controlled irrigation systems.
Recommended Action WM 19
Educate homeowners about the merits of not over -seeding.
Policies
This Plan takes a major step in developing a local policy of reducing water use
throughout the City by 30% in five years. This commitment is based on a belief that the
situation is dire, and will get worse with no action. This Plan presents a broad menu of
conservation and efficiency steps, there are also system considerations. The City
supports the CVWD efforts to expand its treatment plant to reclaim additional water for
landscaping and golf courses.
Recommended Action WM 20
Support CVWD efforts to expand water treatment plants.
There is also an interesting opportunity for the City to link water and energy resources,
by helping to arrange solar systems at pumping stations. These may be eligible for net
energy metering, or feed -in tariffs, and they might best be privately owned to take tax
benefits. This Plan calls for an exploration that begins by identifying the pumping
locations, and studying the feasibility of solar on top of back -feed ponds to generate
electricity and reduce evaporation.
Recommended Action WM 21
Analyze economics and benefits of a solar -powered water pump partnership with Coachella
Valley Water District.
3. Greenhouse Gas Compliance
This section of the Plan covers greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and how Palm Desert
will reduce its "carbon footprint" to comply with state, national and intemational
mandates and agreements.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 53
Background
In 2007, the Palm Desert City Council adopted Resolution 07-78. It was a major step in
the City's systematic approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Resolution
was passed without in-depth analysis, and targets cutting greenhouse gas emissions in
Palm Desert to a level 7% below 1990 levels. With increased awareness of current
emissions levels, brought about by completion of the city's greenhouse gas inventory,
the City is electing to establish 2008 as the baseline year from which reduction will be
measured.
The findings of Palm Desert's first Greenhouse Gas Inventory — completed in parallel
with this Environmental Sustainability Plan — provide key insights. In particular, Palm
Desert's population has doubled since 1990. Despite a decoupling of population and
GHG growth, the City has experienced a major rise in emissions as presented in the
inventory.
This Plan, therefore, presents a framework for taking pragmatic action, beginning with
the first of three phases over a ten-year period.
Greenhouse Gas Inventory
Six primary greenhouse gases trap the Sun's heat within the Earth's atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide is the predominant greenhouse gas. The five others are methane,
nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Carbon
dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2o) are relevant to Palm Desert.
For measurement purposes, where GHGs occur in a local jurisdiction they are
converted to "CO2 equivalents."
Developing an inventory involves assembling data and analysis of the major sources of
emissions: electricity, natural gas, transportation, and solid waste. Imagine putting a
bubble over the City limits. All emissions such as car and truck exhaust stay within the
bubble. The process then accounts for the "embedded carbon" of key materials coming
into the bubble, such as electricity and water for the City. Wastes pass from the bubble
to a regional landfill. These flows are tracked and calculated to establish an emissions
baseline year.
Since 1990, the population within the bubble has doubled. With an increased
population, there's much more CO2 in the bubble than before, while the City strives for
an absolute 7% reduction. Since 1990, per capita energy and thus carbon intensity has
fallen considerably throughout California. In 1990, the average per capita GHG
emissions of a Palm Desert resident was 17.7 metric tons (a measurement of mass
equal to 2,204.6 lb or 1,000 kg). By 2008, this average intensity dropped to 13 metric
tons, well below the 1990 value.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 54
In 1990, the population was 23,252. By 2008, the population had swelled to 50,907.
Thus despite a drop in intensity, annual CO2 emissions have risen from 406,607 metric
tons in 1990 to 626,628 metric tons in 2008, a 53% increase.
Emissions Reduction Plan
This Plan calls for a ten year, three-phase period to address emissions reductions
goals. Adhering to the 11 principles presented, and taking action on the 17 goals in this
Plan will be a major boost to realizing emissions reductions. Implementing the 20
actions outlined for Phase I will be significant, providing an estimated 37,538 metric tons
of annual reductions.
After one year, the City of Palm Desert, and its Core Sustainability Team in particular,
will evaluate Phase I progress in achieving emissions reductions. The CST will also
begin to frame the costs and benefits of Phase II and Phase III emissions reductions
plans.
The Top 20 Phase I Actions
The Top 20 recommended actions presented below scored the highest in the five -
variable prioritization process. These measures are 1) feasibility, 2) low cost to the City,
3) efficiency of leveraging energy, dollar, and carbon savings, 4) level of community
support, and 5) ability to offset significant amounts of carbon. These actions are
presented in the accompanying decision -making matrix.
Top 20 Actions and Annual Carbon Offsets (Annual Metric Tons CO2e)
Resource Area Cateaory Action Score Offset Carbon
EM-7
EM-6
EM - 12
EM-26
MM - 19
EM-3
EM-24
EM-28
MM-7
WM-12
EM-2
EM-8
EM-9
MM - 20
MM-21
T-14
T-22
EM-25
MM-5
RAQ-8
EIP Loans
EIP Loans
Office of Energy
Policy
Policies
Set to Save
Policy
Policy
City leadership
Interior Use
Set to Save
Federal stimulus
Federal stimulus
Policies
Policies
Shuttles/taxis
Altemative fuels
Policy Initiatives
City Leadership
Landscaping
Un-cap loan sizes 25
Assure ample EIP funding 24
Consumer and technical assistance 23.
Advocate for utilities' renewable portfolios 23
Draft ordinances for mandatory recycling 23
Explore altemative funding 22
Promote tax-exempt / gov. backed bonds 20
Form leadership group
Waste stream audits and policy
Expand EIP to include water
Submit re -application
Track stimulus opportunities
Partner and prepare grants
City recycling, 100% inert, 75% other
Enact mandatory recycle ord. by 2011
Promote clean air vehicles
Codify City fleet procurement
Continue to promote feed -in tariff
Sustainable purchasing policy
Lawn mower trade-in
22
22
22
21
21
21
21
21
22
21
20
20
20
683
2,061
2,883
3,651
11,181
3,604
687
3,494
224
155
4,579
195
974
158
18
1,275
7
Total +/- 35,822
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 55
The scoring for the Top 20 in total score reflects the current economy: Equally weighted
in the scoring is a "Low Cost" parameter. This refers to low cost to the City.
Implementing these measures will cost the City $27,500 — $742,500 depending on the
ability to use City staff time to carry out the action steps.
Meanwhile, the benefit is significant as the City reverses two decades of carbon growth.
Estimates suggest that Phase I savings will be 37,538 metric tons, a reduction of 6%
from the 2008 baseline and 15% of the total emissions reduction requirement to reach
the City goal of 378,145 metric tons of annual emissions.
Most importantly, these action steps begin a systematic and deliberate, strategic
process of shifting to carbon sustainability. Carrying out this Plan reverses the current
growth in GHG emissions, beginning the absolute downward trend essential to hit
targets.
4. The Action Plan
There are a number of common principles of sustainable development in Palm Desert.
For instance, all agree that Palm Desert:
a. Is a great place to live that needs to be nurtured
b. Continues to stay ahead and shape national, State, and regional mandates
c. Provides high levels of sustainability services for its residents and businesses
d. Plan strategically and cost effectively through timed roll -outs, partnerships,
bundling, and leveraging savings
To be effectively implemented, Palm Desert will a) integrate efforts intemally, and b)
reach out to the community... building support for the long and tough marathon.
Organizational Design
Sustainability is ripe with challenge and potentially huge costs. Its benefits are
undeniable; the threat of un-sustainability is absolute. How to get there with the least
fiscal impact and greatest economic development benefit is the challenge for Palm
Desert and its residents.
To coordinate the City's effort and to maintain the focus on sustainability within Palm
Desert's government and through -out the community, Palm Desert will:
a. Assign a Sustainability Coordinator
b. Formalize the Core Sustainability Team
c. Prepare and Present a Periodic Sustainability Report
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 56
Sustainabilitv Coordinator: Most cities and corporations have established Sustainability
Coordinators. This individual is responsible for a number of tasks, foremost among them
integrating initiatives being carried out by various departments, linking disparate efforts
into a community -wide emphasis, and keeping sustainability and the City's progress
front and center. Palm Desert will accomplish this by reassignment of existing staff
through the completion work in Phase I of the Sustainability Plan.
Core Sustainabilitv Team: The Core Sustainability Team has been essential to the
development of the City's Sustainability Plan. The City will formally establish the CST to
guide the Office of Sustainable Development and the Sustainability Coordinator.
Managing Costs
Palm Desert will climb the steps to sustainability. The process begins with no and low-
cost actions that the City can take that will lead to significant resource benefits. For
example, green building codes, expedited permitting, special treatment for super
efficient, green and LEED-certified buildings cost the City very little and result in major
benefits for the City and owner/developers over time.
The City will take care to document savings, in some cases creating savings accounts
that will later seed revolving loans to enable further investments of longer payback
measures. Going forward, City programs will be measured not just for their costs, and
cost-effectiveness, but by how much carbon dioxide they avoid. An important screening
tool will be developed to help guide the City in fulfilling future climate protection goals.
Three -Phase Implementation
This Plan presents a three -step, multi -year implementation schedule and work plan.
While the three phases need not necessarily be sequential, they represent steps to
greater and greater complexity and program commitment.
Phase I: Low -Cost, No -Cost First Steps
Phase I focuses on actions that can be addressed immediately. These are low-cost, no -
cost measures that include maintaining existing programs and initiatives such as the
Energy Independence Program.
The first phase also includes steps in the critical path to sustainability... for instance
maximizing the City's own efficiency, and in turn, reducing its footprint. This report
identifies logical Phase I programs. After one year of implementation, the City will re-
evaluate its progress and make adjustments as necessary.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 57
Phase II: Leveraging Opportunities
The second phase will necessarily cost more, and will involve innovative financing and
community partners. These policies and programs and activities will be detailed in the
framing process. How can the costs of sustainability be shared? What government and
foundation resources are available? How can Palm Desert position itself for extemal
funding? How much internal funding will be required? Are there means of co -marketing
to link private sector funding with public support? Are there ways for consumers to bear
the costs, while reaping multiple benefits? Issues like feed -in tariffs with effective prices
- that could open up great levels of participation in distributed solar generation - will
continue to be promoted given their potential leverage.
Phase 11I: Scaling up to Sustainability
Phase III is all about scaling up to sustainability, based on the success of initial phases.
This involves major steps that involve significantly increasing renewable energy
production and mandating net zero developments and remodels. New technologies and
ingenuity will help Palm Desert and other cities attain these seemingly impossible goals.
Phase III involves a longer -term view, and thus engages a variety of concepts, which
could include items such as distributed generation, carbon markets, and potentially
even reforms in land -use planning. In order to attain goals for resource efficiency, and to
fulfill global warming commitments, Palm Desert will continually explore different ways
of doing business and the ways in which we live and use the resources available in our
community.
Seizing the Opportunity to Lead
Can Palm Desert tum State mandates into opportunity?
Given the Coachella Valley's abundance of wind, sun, and geothermal energy, Palm
Desert can first improve its own energy -use profile, then support development of
regional energy resources, potentially providing excess generation to neighboring
communities and the regional power grids. With proper legislation, and appropriate
prices, this can be done for long-term profit and sustainable development.
Sustainability can drive local economic development in Palm Desert: Youth can be
trained for green collar jobs; the community can be retrofitted to care for the Earth,
water systems, energy generation, and materials. In collaboration with academic
institutions, the City can train energy specialists. The City intends to lure white and blue
collar industries to Palm Desert to "ride the wave" of sustainability.
This kind of strategic planning is at the core of Palm Desert's vision for the community.
Finding ways to profit, to transform threat into opportunity, is a key to gamering
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 58
community support. Palm Desert will continue its leadership pace in the Coachella
Valley and throughout California in responsible sustainability. Sustainability will become
part of the City of Palm Desert's community fabric.
City of Palm Desert Environmental Sustainability Plan Page 59
PALM DESERT
Palm Desert
Greenhouse Gas
Inventory
2008
Citywide Emissions and
Strategies to Achieve
Palm Desert F,missions
Reduction Targets
.4
Acknowledgements
The City of Palm Desert would like to thank the following individuals (listed alphabetically) for
their help in providing data, insightful comments, and advice, all of which contributed to this
inventory:
Steve Aryan City of Palm Desert
Lauri Aylaian City of Palm Desert
Katie Barrows Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Heather Beck City of Palm Desert
Rob Bishop City of Palm Desert
Michael Bolin Southern California Gas Company
Cathy Bretz Imperial Irrigation District
Michelle Brody Clean Energy
Steve Buchanan International Code Council
Bo Chen City of Palm Desert
Pat Conlon City of Palm Desert
Dorian Cooley CALFIRE/Riverside County Fire
Tony Coontz Southern California Edison
Dick Cromwell Richard Cromwell III & Associates
Olivia Daniels Coachella Valley Water District
Kathleen DeRosa Southern California Edison
Mark Diercks City of Palm Desert
Hany Elgayar Southern California Edison
Becky Estrella Southern California Gas Company
Mike Garcia Coachella Valley Water District
Cynthia Garcia Southern California Edison
Donna Gomez City of Palm Desert
Mark Greenwood City of Palm Desert
Greg Haney Southern California Edison
Richard Heede Climate Mitigation Services
Bertha Hernandez Air Quality Management District
Carlos Hernandez City of Palm Desert
Mark Johnson Coachella Valley Water District
Spencer Knight City of Palm Desert
Barbara Longman City of Palm Desert
Justin McCarthy City of Palm Desert
Cynthia McDaniels Desert Sands Unified School District
Connie Mitchell SunLine Transit Agency
Terry Parker Desert Sands Unified School District
Hart Ponder City of Palm Desert
Lisa Ream City of Palm Desert
Douglas Redman College of the Desert
Frankie Riddle City of Palm Desert
Becky Rivera Southern California Gas Company
Allen Robinson Terra Renewal
1
Armando Rodriguez Coachella Valley Water District
Jennifer Salciccioli Burrtec
Tom Scheffelin California Air Resource Board
Jane Stanley City of Palm Desert
Ralph Torrie Navigant Consulting, Inc.
Ron Trujillo Sheriffs Dept
Mike Veto Burrtec
Allyn Waggle Coachella Valley Association of Governments
Del Walker City of Palm Desert
Gary White Desert Sands Unified School District
Jill Whynot Air Quality Management District
John Wohlmuth City of Palm Desert
This report was prepared by:
The Power of the Increment'"^
2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
Fundamentals
Types of Greenhouse Gases
National Greenhouse Gas Statistics
California Greenhouse Gas Statistics
Key GHG Emissions Legislation
Inventory Protocols and Tools
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
Clean Air and Climate Protection (CACP) Software
Inventory Methodology and Analysis "Scopes"
Units of Measurement
Establishing Palm Desert Parameters
Boundary
Data Collection
Establishing the 2008 Baseline
Palm Desert 2008 Green House Gas Inventory
Citywide Emissions Summary
Municipal Emissions
Municipal Buildings
Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting
Water Delivery
Wastewater Treatment
Municipal Fleet
Employee Commute
Transit Fleet
Fugitive Emissions for All Sectors
Community Emissions
Residential
Commercial
Industry — Resorts & Golf Courses
Transportation
Solid Waste
3
1990 GHG Emissions
Back -casting to 1990
Summary of Available Data
CACP Software Adjustments
Palm Desert Report Adjustments
Impact of Palm Desert Efficiency and Sustainability Programs
Taking Action
"Business as Usual" Emissions
Projecting to 2012 & 2020
Action Plan for Achieving Emission Reductions
Recalibrating Timing of Reductions
Climate Action Plan Target
4
Executive Summary
Palm Desert is committed to greenhouse gas reductions. This Palm Desert Greenhouse Gas
Inventory is the first major planning step toward climate protection and compliance with AB 32
andSB375.
Many actions to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) have already been implemented in Palm
Desert. This inventory brings these measures together in a strategic framework. It extensively
quantifies emissions throughout the City, and charts a course for the future that includes
recalibrating the City's goals.
The inventory begins with good news: Palm Desert has effectively uncoupled its rate of
greenhouse gas growth from its population growth.
60 000
50 000
..0000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
Population
8
6
2
10
8
6
4
2
0
O .4 C N .O I., 0 0 0 .1 ry rn Q 0 0 I,00 14 IN 01 0101 .11 01 0 el 01 01 al 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CI 01
0
.01 .Oi .01 .0.1 .01 .0 .0.1 .0.1 r0V .0.1 0
0 0 0
0 0 N N 0 .0.1 .01 ei .01
Per Capita Emissions
N .G m` 0 01 0 m 01 01 010 0 INm
0 0
04 .4
01 01 mm o 0 0 0
.m .1 .y n ry ry ry
N
n uN rN.
O O O
N N
While overall emissions have risen significantly, they have done so at a rate about half that of
population growth. Thanks to local actions, state building codes, and federal appliance and
automobile efficiency standards, Palm Desert has cut its per capita GHG intensity by nearly a
third since 1990.
The inventory also presents, in significant detail, a major challenge: greenhouse gases —
expressed as carbon dioxide or CO2 equivalents — have increased from 406,607 metric tonnes in
1990 to 621,225 metric tonnes in 2008. This reality stands in stark contrast to the City's
emissions goal of 378,145 tonnes, 7% below 1990 levels. (Detailed numbers are presented in the
full inventory report and its attached technical appendices.)
700 000
650 000
600 000
550 000
S00 000
450 000
400 000
350,000
30.000,,p p ,p
1M 1A°'�'��1',99� ti 1PS'�a i '�Am'1.1 19m'�'ti 1C�',.LC6�.LCi53'LCY 'LC�y.LCY '06‘
'LC{le
, GHG Emissions
� 19901eve'
7%below 1990
5
The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives' (ICLEI) Clean Air and Climate
Protection (CACP) software was used to build the inventory which features a 2008 baseline. The
software presents in-depth accounting of municipal emissions — directly within local government
control — and community emissions. The report makes use of the image of putting a bubble over
the City to capture emissions; flows of carbon into and out of the City are also tracked. Of the
total, the largest segments are transportation, electricity and natural gas.
2008 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions
Waste
9.6%
Transportation
36.8%
pplloop.
Fugitive Emissions
0.2%
Electricity
36,9%
In Palm Desert, municipal operations are responsible for 1.7% of total emissions. These
emissions include building and facilities, street and traffic lights, water pumping and wastewater
treatment for the community, the City fleet, and other operations. Community emissions include
residential and commercial buildings, the resorts & golf courses, transportation, and solid waste.
Palm Desert's unique resort preeminence is carefully considered, from the GHG values of
electricity usage, natural gas consumption and golf course fertilizing. Palm Desert resorts and
golf courses are responsible for 10.5% of community GHG emissions.
The report also presents the results of a "back -cast" to 1990 emissions levels, the inverse of
forecasting. Various data were used, many assumptions were reasoned and logged, data was at
times triangulated and discounted, and a 1990 emissions level of 406,607 metric tonnes is
presented. This provides a basis for the City's goal of 7% below 1990 levels of 378,145 metric
tonnes.
Based on the reality of greenhouse gas growth — currently the City is 223,080 metric tonnes
above its targeted level -- the report recommends recalibrating the City's 2007 resolution (07-78)
to achieve the target by 2020.
6
900,000
800,000
700,000
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000 —r
19901992 199419961998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20..-. 20.6 20_8 2020
• Ilk
•
• ,
•
•
• 114.
414.11
of▪ f
mimmGHG Emissions
mmilm1990 Levei
7%below 1990
• • • • Target Reduction (07-78)
— —Re vtsedTarget
This Greenhouse Gas Inventory is accompanied by the completion of the City's first
Environmental Sustainability Plan with an action plan to stem emissions. While some measures
are underway, the Environmental Sustainability Plan presents and quantifies 20 actions from
Phase 1 which will cut CO7 emissions. These low and no -cost measures put the City squarely on
a path of climate protection.
7
Introduction
On December 13, 2007 the Palm Desert City Council adopted Resolution 07-78. It was a major
first step by the City towards a systematic approach to lessening greenhouse gas emissions. Palm
Desert opted to set its own reduction targets in line with the Kyoto Protocol, and to make a major
commitment to meeting it.
Over a five year period beginning in 2007, the Resolution called for cutting greenhouse gas
emissions to a level 7% below 1990 levels. Thus by 2012, the City would exceed the AB 32
2020 goal of reducing emissions to 1990 levels. The City would join others to be a leader in
climate protection.
This analysis, however, makes clear that the target would be impossible to reach without
"financial ruin," due to one major factor: Since 1990 the City's population has doubled.
Emissions have continued to climb since 1990, making the 7% reduction goal that much less
tenable. This report presents steps to reversing this trend and achieving the goals over time.
Resolution 07-78 did, however, begin a deliberate process of measuring the City's emissions and
developing strategies to reduce them. Constructing the City's first greenhouse gas inventory was
a first step in that process.
This report presents the emissions inventory in detail, including trends, challenges and highlights
progress to date.
Greenhouse Gases
Fundamentals
Greenhouse gases are gases that absorb infrared radiation from the sun and trap the heat in the
atmosphere. The result of this process, known as the greenhouse effect, warms the atmosphere
and makes life on Earth possible. However, in recent years, human activities such as the rapid
development of industries have increased the rate of greenhouse gas production, resulting in
global warming.
Types of Greenhouse Gases
Six primary greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap the Sun's heat within the Earth's atmosphere. Carbon
dioxide is the predominant greenhouse gas, making up 89% of all GHGs.I For purposes of
analysis, each of the other five gases — methane, nitrous oxides, hydrofluorocarbons,
perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride -- is converted to its CO2 "equivalent", abbreviated
CO2e. This is done by multiplying the metric tonnes of the greenhouse gas by the Global
Warming Potential (GWP).
t Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2003 (April 2005). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.epa.gov/climauxhange/emissions/downloads06/05CR.pdf
8
Carbon Dioxide (CO,'): Carbon dioxide results from the combustion of carbon -based fuels --
fossil fuels from coal, oil, gas, as well as wood wastes and trees -- and some industrial
manufacturing. The global warming potential of CO2 is 1.2
Methane (CH44j: Methane is the next most important GHG. Each molecule of methane has 25
times the global warming potential of CO2.2 Methane comes from landfills (from anaerobic
digestion of organic materials), from fermentation of materials, and from feedlots.
Nitrous Oxides (N,0): Nitrous oxides result from ammonia production, fertilizer manufacturing
and other agricultural practices and from the burning of transportation fuels. They have a global
warming potential of 298.2
Hvdrofluorocarbons (HFCs): Refrigerants, substitute for CFCs, have a global warming potential
of 124-14,800.
Perfluorocarbons: (PFC): PFCs result from semiconductor manufacturing and have a global
warming potential of 7,390 —12,200.2
Sulfur hexafluoride (SFA): Sulfur hexafluoride is a little known GHG, with a huge global
warming potential of 22,800.2 It results from electricity transmission and distribution, as well as
magnesium production.
National Greenhouse Gas Statistics
The United States greenhouse gas emissions in 2006 reached 7,051.10 million metric tonnes,
representing a national per capita rate of 23 metric tons. 3
United States Greenhouse Gas Emissions
P a1'' a '> ' t. „to a',' oP� 'L dP cP' cP1 .cA' cP' cPy dI°
� ♦ t � 1 1 1 1 1
California Greenhouse Gas Statistics
Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
http://www l.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessments-reports.htm
3 Inventory of US. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks • 1990-2007. U.S Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads/usinventoryreport.html
9
California's greenhouse gas emissions for 2006 reached 483.87 million metric tonnes.4
Although this represents significant emissions, in comparison to the national average,
Californians have 44% less emissions, only 13.27 metric tonnes per capita, versus the national
average of 23 metric tonnes per capita.
soo I-
48^
ff 460
A 440
T 420
a
400
H
380
360
340
320
300
California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
tia°'s �99ry Z9'�� 1�9p %°'4 1 tie #6 1q P 16P 1(P, ,ycP� 10''
Key Greenhouse Gas Emissions Legislation
a) International —Kyoto Protocol (December 11, 1997)
• 162 Countries signed and ratified
• United States and Australia have not ratified, volunteered action
• Goal to reach 5.2% below 1990 GHG levels by 2008-2012
b) California —AB 32—Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (September 27, 2006)
• by Jan 1, 2007 List Early Actions —Completed
• by Jan 1, 2008 Report CA Emissions Report —Completed
• by Jan 1, 2009 Scoping Plan --Completed December 11, 2008
• by 2010 Early Actions Effective/Implemented
• by 2011 GHG Limits and Measures Adopted
• by 2012 GHG Limits and Measure Implemented
• by 2020 Reduce GHG Emissions to 1990 Levels
• by 2050 Reduce GHG Emissions to 80% of 1990 Level
c) California—Scoping Plan (AB 32) (December 12, 2008)
4 1990 2004 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data (2007). California Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/archive/tables/ghg_inventory_ipcc_90-04_all_2007-11-19.pdf
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data - 2000 to 2006 (2009). California Environmental Protection Agency.
http://www.arb.ca.govlcc/inventory/data/tables/ghg_inventory_ ipcc_00-06_a11_2009-03-13.pdf
10
• Recommends local governments set GHG reduction goal to at least 15% below
present levels by 2020
• Adopts "Local Government Operations Protocol"
• CA to develop Cap -and -Trade Program linked to Western Climate Initiative (WCI)
by
January 1, 2011
(1) 1st compliance period (2012)—includes electricity generation, including imports
not within WCI Partner jurisdiction, and large industrial facilities that emit over
25,000 metric tons CO2e per year
(2) 2nd compliance period (2015)—governs upstream treatment of industrial fuel
combustion with emissions at or below 25,000 MT CO2e per year, and
Transportation fuel combustion regulated where fuel enters into commerce
• Encourages local governments to raise the bar by adopting "beyond -code" green
building requirements
• July 2008—California Building Standards Commission (CABSC) adopted the Green
Building Standards Code (GBSC) for new construction. Commercial Green Building
Code is voluntary but CBSC anticipates adopting a mandatory code in 2011. Note:
Green Building Strategy's goal is zero net energy (ZNE) for new and existing homes.
d) California Senate Bill SB 375 (September 30, 2008)
• Set GHG reduction targets by region (by 2010)
• Align regional planning efforts
• Set auto emissions target
• Reduce vehicle miles travelled (VMT)
• Measure social equity factors including housing and transportation affordability and
job -housing fit (added to bill in October, 2009)
e) Executive Order S-21-09 (October 15, 2009)
• 33% Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) for utilities by 2020
11
Inventory Protocols and Tools
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) has been at the forefront
of measuring greenhouse gases for some time. In 1990, its pioneering Urban CO2 Reduction
Project developed the first inventories of European and North American cities. Today,
ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) campaign provides a framework for Local
communities to identify and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
The ICLEI CCP climate action process progresses with five milestones:
1. Conduct an inventory of local greenhouse gas emissions;
2. Establish a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target;
3. Develop an action plan for achieving the emissions reduction target;
4. Implement the action plan;
5. Monitor and report on progress.
Clean Air and Climate Protection (CACP) Software
For this greenhouse gas inventory, the City of Palm Desert used the Clean Air and Climate
Protection (CACP) software developed by the International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives (ICLEI). CACP is designed specifically for local governments and cities. Its "Local
Government Operations Protocols" were developed in conjunction with the California Air
Resource Board (CARB), an essential link given CARB's primary responsibility for
implementing AB 32. This report represents the completion of the first CCP milestone and
provides a foundation for future greenhouse gas inventories and reduction plans for Palm Desert.
The CACP software divides the inventory into two parts: municipal government emissions
followed by the community -wide inventory of facilities and activities. It determines emissions
using specific factors and coefficients according to the type of fuel used. Coefficients can be
customized to the specific locale; specific coefficients were used for Palm Desert. Greenhouse
gas emissions are aggregated and reported in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide units or CO2e.
Inventory Methodology and Analysis "Scopes"
The CACP software defines types of emissions of three types, or "scopes" of the analysis. The
scopes define what is included in and excluded from the analysis:
Scope 1: Emissions within the city boundaries.
Scope 2: Emissions which occur outside the city boundaries but that are a direct result of
community activity.
Scope 3: Emissions that can be tracked but do not fall within Scope 1 or Scope 2.
Information Items: Emissions not currently tracked but flagged and will be tracked in
the future.
12
Units of Measurement
For this analysis, emissions are measured in metric tonnes (MT) following the procedure of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) convention.
Metric Tons (or Tonnes)
Long Tons (UK)
Short Tons (US)
Unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms, or 2,204.6 pounds
A British measurement equivalent to 2,240 pounds, not to be confused
with the US "short ton"
US measurement also know as a short ton, equals 2,000 pounds
Establishing Palm Desert Parameters
Boundary
This inventory accounts for all residential, commercial, municipal, and resort activity in the City
of Palm Desert. It accounts:
• Electricity
• Natural Gas
• Water Delivery
• Wastewater Treatment
• Transportation
• Solid Waste
• "Fugitive" Emissions
This inventory does not account for emissions connected to:
• Interstate 10 traffic
• Union Pacific Railroad traffic
• Palm Springs Airport
All of these emissions are produced outside the City
of Palm Desert limits.
The Bubble Concept: To grasp how emissions are
"captured," imagine putting a bubble over the City
limits. All emissions stay within the bubble and must
be taken into account. In addition, the City must
account for the "embedded carbon" of all energy
coming into the bubble, and all energy passing from
the bubble. The predominant import is electricity and
the predominant export is waste. (While some cities
have their own landfill, within the bubble, Palm
Desert exports its trash to regional landfills.)
5 Tonnes Conversion. Metric Conversions.org. http://www.metric-conversions.org/weight/tonne-conversion.htm
5
13
The fundamental reality of Palm Desert's greenhouse gas inventory is a doubling of population
"within the bubble." In 1990 there were 23,252 residents of Palm Desert. By 2008 — the most
recent year for data — the population had swelled to 50,907. With this increase in population has
come a significant increase in GHG emissions.
Data Collection
Creating Palm Desert's first greenhouse gas inventory required data collection from a variety of
sources, listed here in alphabetical order:
o Burrtec Waste Industries
o Cal Fire Riverside County
o California Air Resources Board
o California Biomass
o California Climate Action Registry
o California Finance Board
o California Integrated Waste Management
Board
o City of Paim Desert Human Resources Dept.
o Clean Energy Fuels
o Climate Mitigation Services
o Coachella Valley Area Governments
o Coachella Valley Water District
o Desert Sands Unified School District
o Environmental Institute of Golf
o Golf Course Superintendants Association of
America
o Imperial Irrigation Water District
o North American Electrical Reliability
Corporation
o Pacific Gas and Electric
o Palm Desert City Engineer
Establishing the 2008 Baseline
o Palm Desert City Landscape Manager
o Palm Desert Code Compliance Manager
o Palm Desert Finance Department
o Palm Desert Marketing Manager
o Palm Desert Office of Energy Management
o Palm Desert Public Works
o Palm Desert Recycling Technician
o Paim Desert Regional Development Agency
o Paim Desert Special Projects
o Paim Desert Transportation Manager
o Richard Cromwell and Associates
o Riverside County Sheriff's Department
o South Coast Air Quality Management
District
o Southern California Edison
o Southern California Gas/Sempra
o Sunhine Bus
o Terra Renewal
o Torrie Smith and Associates
o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
o Waste Management Inc.
The Local Governments Operations Protocol directs cities to establish a baseline year that
provides the most complete and relevant data. For Palm Desert's inventory, 2008 was selected as
the baseline year since that is the year for which the most complete data sets on the four largest
contributors of emissions - electricity, gas, vehicle miles travelled, and waste - are available.
14
Palm Desert 2008 GHG Inventory
Citywide Emissions Summary
In the 2008 baseline year, the City of Palm Desert emitted 621,225 metric tonnes of CO2e. This
baseline summary represents a GHG intensity of 12.2 metric tonnes per capita.
Electricity
INatural Gas
Transportation
Solid Waste
Fugitive Emissions
228,933 tonnes CO2e
102,773 tonnes CO2e
228,572 tonnes CO2e
59,489 tonnes CO2e
1,458 tonnes CO2e
36.9% of Citywide emissions
16.5% of Citywide emissions
36.8% of Citywide emissions
9.6% of Citywide emissions
0.2% of Citywide emissions
Percentages of emissions are represented in the chart below:
2008 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions
Fugitive Emissions
0.2%
Transportation
36.8%
Municipal Emissions
The CACP inventory process begins with a focus on municipal emissions given each city's
ability to influence these emissions directly. For most cities, municipal emissions account for
approximately 3% of citywide emissions. While a minimal portion of the overall inventory, cities
can take immediate action on "getting their own houses in order" before tackling community -
wide emissions.
Palm Desert's municipal emissions account for 1.7% of citywide emissions. Lower municipal
emissions may be explained by the Sheriff's Department being located at the Civic Center
(shared utility), the Fire Department being contracted out to Riverside County, and all schools
belonging to the regional Desert Sands Unified School District. Some of the emissions from
these entities were identifiable and are included in the municipal emissions reporting; the others
are embedded within the community figures.
In the 2008 baseline year, municipal facilities and activities emitted 10,778 metric tonnes of
CO2e. Municipal facilities accounted for 10.4%, streetlights & traffic signals for 6.2%, water
delivery for 28.8%, wastewater for 21.8%, the vehicle fleet for 17.8%, the employee commute
for 4.1%, transit fleet for 10.4%, and refrigerants from all sectors account for 0.4% of municipal
emissions.
Empoyee
Commute
4.1wt
vehicle Fleet
17.8%
Municipal Buildings
Municipal Emissions
Refrigerants All
Sectors
0.4%
Streetlights &
TrafficSigna:s
6.2%
Palm Desert municipal buildings contributed 1,126 tonnes of CO2e, representing 10.4% of
municipal greenhouse gas emissions. Of this, electricity accounted for 3.9% and natural gas
accounted for 6.5%.
The Electricity Municipal Accounts Report for 2008 was provided by Southern California
Edison. It gives kWh usage, meter read date, rate family, bill amount, tariff and service address.
Municipal buildings identified in the report include City Hall/Civic Center, Sheriff Substation,
City Office and Storage, Community Center, Department of Rehabilitation, City Apartment
Building Common Areas, Visitors Center, and Public Works Corporate Yard.
The Natural Gas Municipal Accounts Report for 2008 was provided by Southern California Gas
Company. It provides annual therms used, North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) code classification, rate group, and customer address. Municipal buildings identified in
the report include City Hall/Civic Center, City Apartment Buildings Common Areas,
Community Center, Desert Willow, Fire Protection, Henderson Community Building, Public
Works Corporate Yard and the Visitors Center.
Electricity
Natural Gas
Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting
1,446,822 kWh
132,004 therms
424 tonnes of CO2e
702 tonnes of CO2e
Streetlights and outdoor lighting contributed 666 tonnes of CO2e, representing 6.2% of the
municipal greenhouse gas emissions. The Electricity Municipal Accounts Report for 2008
provided by Southern California Edison gives the electricity usage for Traffic Signals,
Streetlights, Park Lighting and Outdoor Lighting.
Electricity I 2,273,839 kWh
Water Delivery
666 tonnes of CO2e I
The energy associated with water pumping contributed 3,099 tonnes of CO,e, representing
28.8% of municipal greenhouse gas emissions. Water for Palm Desert is provided by the
Coachella Valley Water District. The District serves a valley population of 282,426; this
inventory accounts only for the proportion serving Palm Desert. The City's domestic water is
pumped primarily from the Whitewater River sub -basin (an underground aquifer) consisting of
50 wells with an average depth of 900 feet. For the purposes of this inventory, emissions from
the pumping energy (electricity) of the water used within the city limits are included.
Electricity
Wastewater Treatment
10,588,656 kWh I 3,099 tonnes of CO2e
Wastewater treatment contributed 2,354 tonnes of CO2e, representing 21.8% of the municipal
greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 21.7% and natural gas accounted for 0.1%.
The Coachella Valley Water District provides wastewater services to the following cities: Palm
Desert, Indian Wells, Rancho Mirage, and Cathedral City. Wastewater from Palm Desert is
transmitted through sewer lines to the Cook Street treatment plant (Water Reclamation Plant
#10), operated by means of an "aerobic treatment" or "activated sludge" system. Palm Desert
contributes approximately 50% of the wastewater to the plant. Emissions from electricity
pumping and treatment of wastewater are the largest source of emissions from the wastewater
process.
Electricity 8,016,206 kWh
Natural Gas 1,335 therms
2,346 tonnes of CO2e
7 tonnes of CO2e
Municipal Fleet
The municipal fleet contributed 1,917 tonnes of CO2e in 2008, representing 17.8% of the
municipal greenhouse gas emissions. The fleet includes vehicles for Administration (84 tonnes,
0.8%), Council (2 tonnes, 0.0%), Parks (6 tonnes, 0.1 %), Streets Department (46 tonnes, 0.4%),
City Yard (10 tonnes, 0.1%), Visitors Center (0 tonnes, 0.0%), Sheriff's Department (676 tonnes,
6.3%), Fire Department (120 tonnes, 1.1%), Burrtec (813 tonnes, 7.5%), Desert Sands Unified
School District (75 tonnes, 0.7%) and Off Road Vehicles (86 tonnes, 0.8%). Another way of
presenting municipal fleet emissions is by fuel type, and miles per gallon gas equivalence
(mpgge).
CNG 41,086 mpgge 187 tonnes of CO2e
Diesel 58,601 gallons 595 tonnes of CO2e
Gasoline 117,945 gallons 1,050 tonnes of CO2e
Off Road Diesel 2,995 gallons 30 tonnes of CO2e
Off Road Gasoline 6,295 gallons 55 tonnes of CO2e
Employee Commute
City employee commuting contributed 446 tonnes of CO2e in 2008, representing 4.1 % of the
municipal greenhouse gas emissions. To address the employee commute requirements in CACP,
the following assumptions and calculations were made: Annual vehicle miles traveled were
calculated by multiplying number of employees, miles per round trip, and number of annual
trips. Palm Desert has 170 municipal employees; assumptions were made that they commute in
passenger cars and light duty trucks, assuming commutes between 5, 15 and 25 miles round trip
and taking into account 249 business days a year (excluding weekends and Palm Desert's 12
observed holidays).
Gasoline
Transit Fleet
846,600 VMT I 446 tonnes of CO2e I
The Transit Fleet contributed 1,126 tonnes of CO2e, representing 10.4% of the municipal
greenhouse gas emissions. In 1994, SunLine began a two-year process to convert its fleet serving
the City of Palm Desert to compressed natural gas (CNG). Currently all SunLine buses are
running on CNG. (This report does not account for the SunLine demonstration buses.)
Using the 2008 bus schedules provided by SunLine Transit Agency, the bus routes were
organized according to the time of pick-up or drop-off and bus number. The distance traveled
was calculated by using Google Maps and only distances traveled within the City of Palm Desert
were counted.
The number of miles traveled per day for the 2008 bus fleet totals 481,202 miles traveled in Palm
Desert city limits. The average 40 foot CNG bus travels 3.1 mpgge (miles per gallon gas
equivalent)6 resulting in 155,226 mpgge of CNG used within Palm Desert city limits.
CNG
Fugitive Emissions for All Sectors
155,226 mpgge I 1,126 tonnes of CO2e I
Fugitive emissions contributed 45 tonnes of CO2e, representing 0.4% of the municipal
greenhouse gas emissions. Fugitive emissions include refrigerants used within the City
boundaries. Reports from three sectors were obtained: Desert Sands Unified School District
fleet, Riverside County Fire Department, and "Community Commercial" discussed below. Data
acquisition in the future is expected to improve as more effective refrigerant tracking solutions
and requirements are being developed at the statewide level. At this time, fugitive emissions
statists are limited.
The Desert Sands Unified School District fleet is comprised of 195 busses and support vehicles.
For those 195 vehicles, 285 pounds of R-134a refrigerant are used annually. Based on student
population, 60.54 lbs of DSUSD refrigerants are attributed to Palm Desert.
Riverside County Fire Department reported six of the eight Fire Vehicles used three pounds of
R-134a refrigerant additions in 2008, bringing the total of refrigerants used by the Riverside
County Fire Department in Palm Desert to 15 pounds.
Community commercial refrigerant reports submitted for AQMD Rule 1415 from facilities in
Palm Desert show that only eight companies reported additions of refrigerant to their equipment.
Six of the eight locations use R-22 and the other two locations use R-404. This information is
being included in the report, although clearly limited.
HFC-134a
75.51 lbs I 45 tonnes of CO2e I
6 Ten Years of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Operations at SunLine Transit Agency, National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy060sti/39l 80.pdf
Community
In the 2008 baseline year, community activities emitted 610,447 metric tonnes of CO2e.
Community residential activity accounted for 28.1%, community commercial 14.7%, resorts and
golf courses 10.5%, community transportation contributed 36.9%, and solid waste accounted for
9.7% of the total community emissions.
Community Emissions
Transportation
36.9%
Residential
Waste
9.7% Residential
28.1%
Resorts & Golf
Courses
10.5%
Commercial
14.7%
The community residential sector contributed 171,714 tonnes of CO2e, representing 28.1% of the
community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 16.1 % and natural gas accounted
for 12%.7
Electricity
Natural Gas
Commercial
336,791,782 kWh
13,747,419 therms
98,583 tonnes of CO2e
73,131 tonnes of CO2e
The community commercial sector contributed 90,010 tonnes of CO2e, representing 14.7% of the
community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 12% and natural gas accounted
for 2.8%.l
Electricity 249,566,770 kWh
Natural Gas 3,187,971 therms
73,051 tonnes of CO2e
16,959 tonnes of CO2e
Electricity Residential and Commercial Usage Reports for 2008 were provided by Southem Califomia Edison and Imperial Irrigation District.
Natural Gas Residential and Commercial Usage Reports for 2008 were provided by Southern Califomia Gas Company.
Industry — Resorts & Golf Courses
The Resorts & Golf Courses sector contributed 64,152 tonnes of CO2e, representing 10.5% of
the community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 8.3%, natural gas accounted
for 2% and nitrous oxide accounted for 0.2%. Palm Desert is unique in having 28 golf resorts
and 36 individual courses. Its Resorts and Golf Courses were identified within the Community
sector as the City's "Industry."
Data from The Gas Company was available based on NAICS codes. Electricity usage for the
industry was assumed using the same percentage of the natural gas commercial accounts and
applying it to electricity commercial accounts. Fugitive emissions, namely nitrous oxide from
fertilizers applied to the courses, were calculated.
Due to lack of data, the transportation attributed to visitors or resort vehicles, although embedded
in the community transportation numbers, were not identifiable.
Electricity 173,427,756 kWh 50,764 tonnes of CO2e
Natural Gas 2,254,595 therms 11,975 tonnes of CO2e
Nitrous Oxide 4,557 kg 1,413 tonnes of CO2e
Transportation
The community transportation sector contributed 225,083 tonnes of CO2e, representing 36.9% of
the community greenhouse gas emissions. Palm Desert's transportation data was developed from
the Coachella Valley Transportation Report8 with adjustments to account for Palm Desert's
characteristics.
Palm Desert population accounts for approximately 11 % of the Coachella Valley's population.
This percentage of the total vehicle miles traveled in the Coachella Valley region was attributed
to Palm Desert. With Interstate 10 falling outside of the Palm Desert boundaries, the heavy
33,000+ (mainly Semi -Tractor Trailers) vehicle miles traveled were not factored in. The
inventory does take into account miles traveled by Burrtec and Fire Department Vehicles which
would fall into this class. Vehicle miles traveled for SunLine and Desert Sands Unified School
District bus fleet were calculated for the miles traveled within the Palm Desert Boundaries.
Special consideration was given to the demographic of Palm Desert drivers. Per the Coachella
Valley Transportation Report, retired drivers (assuming drivers 65+) drive 23% less than non -
retired drivers.9 Since 30% of the population in Palm Desert is 65 years old or older, this
reduced vehicle miles traveled by passenger cars and light duty trucks accordingly.
Fuel
368,694,193 VMT I 225,083 tonnes of CO2e I
8 Coachella Valley Fleet Statistics (Salton Sea portion of Riverside County) Report 2008. Califomia Air Resource Board
9 2004 Origins and Destinations Survey. Coachella Valley Association of Governments
http://www.cvag.org/Trans/pdffiles/2004%200rigin%20and%20Destination.pdf
Solid Waste
Community solid waste contributed 59,489 tonnes of CO2e, representing 9.7% of the community
greenhouse gas emissions. According to the California Integrated Waste Management Board,
Palm Desert produced 241,910 tons of solid waste in 2008, with 74,992 tons being transported to
a managed landfill outside of the Palm Desert boundaries and 166,918 tons being diverted.10
Palm Desert's diversion rate of 69% is well above the state average and is avoiding 77,330
additional tonnes of CO2e a year.
Solid Waste
1990 GHG Emissions
Back -casting to 1990
Summary of Available Data
74,992 Tons I 59,489 tonnes of CO2e
Based on the 2008 baseline, the "big four" emitters of greenhouse gases in Palm Desert were
identified as electricity, natural gas, transportation, and waste. These major sources were the
focus of the back -casting exercise.
Southern California Edison provided actual electricity usage for the City in 1990. The Gas
Company provided usage data back to 1995, enabling a trend to be developed to arrive at a 1990
figure. For transportation, the Coachella Valley Transportation Report suggested that annual
vehicle miles traveled has not significantly changed. In fact, in recent years, annual average
VMT has decreased within the Valley by a few hundred miles, possibly due to services getting
closer. A straight vehicle miles traveled per population approach was taken. As for waste, the
California Integrated Waste Management Board was able to provide usage data back to 1995,
enabling a trend to be developed to arrive at a 1990 figure.
Electricity
Natural Gas
Transportation
Solid Waste
400,916,774 kWh
12,661,550 therms
170,032,414 VMT
37,792 tons
188,450 tonnes of CO2e
67,355 tonnes of CO2e
129,870 tonnes of CO2e
20,932 tonnes of CO2e I
Based on the above 1990 figures, the City of Palm Desert emitted approximately 406,607 metric
tonnes of CO2e in 1990, reflecting 17.5 metric tonnes per capita.
10 Jurisdiction Profile for City of Palm Desert. (2006). California Integrated Waste Management Board.
http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Igtools/mars/dnnonian.asp?ju=359&VW=In
1990 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions
Waste
5.1%
Transportation
31.3%
CACP Software Adjustments
Electiir
The above calculations include coefficients calculated by the CACP software. They take into
account changes made over the last 18 years in the emissions produced by the electrical grid.
They also reflect improved vehicle gas mileage and environmental performance.
Palm Desert Report Adjustments
The energy reductions of numerous statewide and Federal efficiency advances, such as Title 24
and Energy Star, remain un-quantified, but clearly have an influence on both the data collected
from 1990 as well as on the data for the baseline year of 2008.
Impact of Palm Desert Efficiency and Sustainability Programs
Palm Desert has a long history of environmental stewardship and greenhouse gas reduction
through energy efficiency and environmental programs back into the 1990s. Early members of
Council and the community took leadership roles and created an ethic backed by City policy.
This greenhouse gas inventory includes the results of these sustainability initiatives. These have
reduced the total figures for electricity, natural gas, and travel. To estimate reductions and future
measures that will result in reductions, this analysis included a review of the City's 2008
initiatives.
The appendix to the inventory includes briefings on these initiatives and an explanation of the
methodologies used to quantify their savings. Caution was taken to avoid double counting due to
overlapping programs. For example, the Energy Independence Program (EIP), included on its
own in one briefing, is embedded in the Palm Desert Energy Partnership figures. All natural gas
savings in the City are included in the Partnership figures quantified by an analysis of citywide
consumption. In the future, coordinated efforts to maintain data on these projects will improve
the understanding of the effect they are having on the community.
The chart below shows the relative percentages of the most effective City initiatives. This
highlights the importance of the Palm Desert Energy Partnership as a major effort. Alternative
fuels programs also have made a significant difference in reducing emissions.
Avoided Tonnes of CO2e Emissions
New Cansuuctiaa Ordnance:.. Composting.
Electricity, 52
Urban Forestry Program:
Electirkity, 241
EIP, 237
Set to Save: PD Energy
Partnership (30/30). Natural
Gas, 5,120
Combined Alternative Fuels
Fleets, 653
5 et to Save: PO Energy
Parmerstup 130/30). Elecrincity.
6,102
RideShareProgram, 24
LED Signals and Exchange, 285
LEER Certified Buildings, 44
PEAK Eauwdonal Program, 7
The programs listed above account for 17,360 avoided tonnes of CO2e. The recycling program
accounts for an additional 77,330 avoided tonnes of CO2e. These programs combined total
94,690 tonnes. Without these programs the 2008 baseline would have been 715,915 tonnes.
The graph below shows the relative change provided by the programs for 2008. The red line
represents "business as usual" without the efficiency and sustainability programs, the blue line
represents the actual GHG emissions with the efficiency and sustainability programs included.
800 000
750 000
'00.000
650.000
600.000
550.000
500 000
450 000
400 000
359 000
300 000
`.�0,0 1��, 1�4' ♦°�9�,�4' 1�4'� 1�4' 1�91 1��� 1�p�9'L,�O'6�1'L0o'1.1�"5'L�4't�S't�00'l�'�'L�'b
Taking Action
"Business as Usual" Emissions
,.'0usiness as Usual without
Sustainabitity Initiatives
,GHG Emissions
�1990Level
7%below 1990
Projecting emissions for 2012 and 2020 are based on the 2008 inventory per capita emissions
and population growth as estimated by the Riverside County Center for Demographic
Research)1 According to the study, the estimated population for Palm Desert will grow to
56,496 in 2012 and 64,860 by 2020. The 2008 per capita rate for GHG emissions were
multiplied by the projected population, projecting on the current path emissions will raise to
689,251 metric tonnes in 2012 and 791,292 metric tonnes in 2020. "Business as Usual"
emissions without Sustainability Initiatives would rise to 796,594 metric tonnes in 2012 and
914,526 metric tonnes in 2020.
1000 000
900 i.^•C
800
700 000
600 000
500 000
400 000
300 000
.990 ;992199a _9961998 2^ul 2002 2004 2006 2008 20:0:0, 2 20,4 20.6 20.8 2020
•,,'liusiness as Usual" wtho
Sustainability Initiatives
-GHG Emissions
esem.1990Level
7%be o .990
11 City of Palm Desert Profile, Riverside County Center for Demographic Research. http://www.rctlma.org/rcd/default aspx
Action Plan for Achieving Emission Reductions
This Greenhouse Gas inventory is closely linked to the City's first Environmental Sustainability
Plan. From a roster of 148 recommended actions on energy, water, air quality, buildings, etc., the
Plan recommends 20 measures for immediate adoption.
Each of the Top 20 scored highest in the multi -variety selection process, fulfilling all criteria for
feasibility, low cost to the City, efficacy, community support, and emissions impact. First and
foremost among them are energy -saving measures that deliver real energy, dollar, and carbon
offset values.
Some of the Top 20 measures are underway; some efforts need to be reinvigorated, and they are
all projected to cut CO2 emissions. These low and no -cost measures put the City squarely on a
path of climate protection.
Recalibrate Timing of Reductions
This Plan suggests revising the 2007 Palm Desert GHG resolution. First, it recommends
recalibrating its timing to allow for a reversal of the GHG trend and for City measures to get
traction. Attempting to reach the original target by 2012 would be financially impossible.
900,000
800,000
700,000
600.000
500.000
400,000
300,000 .
Revised GHG Emissions Reductions Targets
7% below 1990 levels by 2020
• `v
•
•
•
• `•
Ifl 4110.
• • a-• • •t• •tall
19901992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 20:0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Climate Action Plan Targets
+■GHG EMssions
1990.evel
7%be'o.-r 1990
Target Reduction (07-78)
Rey sed Target
Carrying out the City's Climate Action Plan begins a reversal. It begins the downward trend
essential to hit the targets, and to achieve even deeper cuts over time. It broadens the Council's
07-78 resolution's goal by 2020, exceeding the AB 32 requirement for the State of reaching 1990
levels by 2020.
Technical Appendices
Background Information
1. Greenhouse Gases
2. Definition of CACP Software & ICLEI Scopes
3. Establishing the Palm Desert Boundary
4. Palm Desert Population Growth
5. Municipal Growth - Employees and Budget
6. CACP Coefficients
7. Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita
Electricity
8. Citywide Electricity Usage
Natural Gas
9. Citywide Natural Gas Usage
Transportation
10. Community Vehicle Miles Traveled
11. Municipal Fleet - Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption
12. Riverside County Sheriff's Department - Vehicle Fleet Miles and Fuel Consumption
13. Municipal Employee Commute
14. Riverside County Fire Department - Fire Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert
15. Burrtec - Waste Transport Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption
16. DSUSD - School Bus Vehicle Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert
17. SunLine Transit Agency - Bus Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert
Solid Waste
18. Palm Desert Solid Waste and Recycling
19. Solid Waste Composition
20. Compost
21. Methane Emissions from Landfills
Wastewater
22. Wastewater Treatment
Water
23. Water Delivery
Fugitive Emissions
24. Refrigerant Use for Community Buildings
25. DSUSD - Refrigerant Usage for Palm Desert
26. Riverside County Fire Department - Fire Vehicle Refrigerant Use in Palm Desert
Industry
27. Natural Gas and Electricity Consumption
28. Nitrous Oxide from Fertilizers on Golf Courses
Sustainability Initiatives
29. Impact of Past Sustainability Initiatives
30. Palm Desert Solar PV
31. Energy Independence Program
32. Palm Desert Energy Partnership - Electrical Savings
33. Palm Desert Energy Partnership - Natural Gas Savings
34. Rideshare Program
35. Golf Cart Transportation Program
36. Urban Forestry Program
37. LED Traffic Signals
38. LEED Rated Buildings in Palm Desert
39. TUMF Funds
Back -Casting to 1990
40. Summary of Available Data & Methodology
Business as Usual
41. Projecting to 2012 & 2020