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Home My WebLink AboutPD Greenhouse Gas Inventory (2008) � A • � Palm Desert Greenhouse Gas "� _ � � � In n r .� ve to y � r. ; ��► `" �� ' � j�=� . � ,''�:� � �� Y �. � .; _ - - - �� y � .}' � � , - ., r ; t _'+ Y .« - ''. � � � � i � _ y° a . * � '� �� .� ' - •�. - �'�- � �, �� , �ww ��: , � ;•, _�� ' �,� �:e.. !��1`�~:,' � . '�• Y , ��-.�'� . '.. � � Cityvc�Tide Ernlssions and � Strategles to Achieve �'- �' � Palr�n Desert Elnissions �� '-'�� Reduction "I,argets _ r�.� 1� �"��-� ; O�'O r � �a �:� �� .. �,. �.� Acknowledgements The City of Palm Desert would like to thank the following individuals(listed alphabetically) for their help in providing data,insightful comments, and advice, all of which contributed to this inventory: Steve Aryan City of Palm Desert Lauri Aylaian City of Palm Desert Katie Barrows Coachella Valley Association of Governments Heather Beck City of Palm Desert Rob Bishop City of Palm Desert Michael Bolin Southern California Gas Company Cathy Bretz Imperial Irrigation District Michelle Brody Clean Energy Steve Buchanan International Code Council Bo Chen City of Palm Desert Pat Conlon City of Palm Desert Dorian Cooley CALFIRE/Riverside County Fire Tony Coontz Southern Califomia Edison Dick Cromwell Richard Cromwell III&Associates Olivia Daniels Coachella Valley Water District Kathleen DeRosa Southern California Edison Mark Diercks City of Palm Desert Hany Elgayar Southern California Edison Becky Estrella Southern California Gas Company Mike Garcia Coachella Valley Water District Cynthia Garcia Southern California Edison Donna Gomez City of Palm Desert Mark Greenwood City of Palm Desert Greg Haney Southern Califomia Edison Richard Heede Climate Mitigation Services Bertha Hernandez Air Quality Management District Carlos Hernandez City of Palm Desert Mark Johnson Coachella Valley Water District Spencer Knight City of Palm Desert Barbara Longman City of Palm Desert Justin McCarthy City of Palm Desert Cynthia McDaniels Desert Sands Unified School District Connie Mitchell SunLine Transit Agency Terry Parker Desert Sands Unified School District Hart Ponder City of Palm Desert Lisa Ream City of Palm Desert Douglas Redman College of the Desert Frankie Riddle City of Palm Desert Becky Rivera Southern California Gas Company Allen Robinson Terra Renewal 1 Armando Rodriguez Coachella Valley Water District Jennifer Salciccioli Burrtec Tom Scheffelin California Air Resource Board Jane Stanley City of Palm Desert Ralph Torrie Navigant Consulting, Inc. Ron Trujillo Sheriffs Dept Mike Veto Burrtec Allyn Waggle Coachella Valley Association of Governments Del Walker City of Palm Desert Gary White Desert Sands Unified School District Jill Whynot Air Quality Management District John Wohlmuth City of Palm Desert This report was prepared by: � r � r' The Power of the Increment'"^ 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) Fundamentals Types of Greenhouse Gases National Greenhouse Gas Statistics Califomia Greenhouse Gas Statistics Key GHG Emissions Legislation Inventory Protocols and Tools International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) Clean Air and Climate Protection(CACP) Software Inventory Methodology and Analysis"Scopes" Units of Measurement Establishing Palm Desert Parameters Boundary Data Collection Establishing the 2008 Baseline Palm Desert 2008 Green House Gas Inventory Citywide Emissions Summary Municipal Emissions Municipal Buildings Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting Water Delivery Wastewater Treatment Municipal Fleet Employee Commute Transit Fleet Fugitive Emissions for All Sectors Community Emissions Residential Commercial Industry—Resorts&Golf Courses Transportation Solid Waste 3 1990 GHG Emissions Back-casting to 1990 Summary of Available Data CACP Software Adjustments Palm Desert Report Adjustments Impact of Palm Desert Efficiency and Sustainability Programs Taking Action "Business as Usual" Emissions Projecting to 2012&2020 Action Plan for Achieving Emission Reductions Recalibrating Timing of Reductions Climate Action Plan Target 4 Executive Summary Palm Desert is committed to greenhouse gas reductions.This Palm Desert Greenhouse Gas Inventory is the first major planning step toward climate protection and compliance with AB 32 and SB 375. Many actions to reduce greenhouse gases(GHGs)have already been implemented in Palm Desert.This inventory brings these measures together in a strategic framework. It extensively quantifies emissions throughout the City, and charts a course for the future that includes recalibrating the City's goals. The inventory begins with good news: Palm Desert has effectively uncoupled its rate of greenhouse gas growth from its population growth. Population PerCapita Emissions 60.000 20 50.000 __ _ ._ _ 18 16 60.000 —-- -- �- � - --- 14 12 . 30,000 � - 10 . __._ . _._ . . 8 - 20,000 6 - 10.000 4 2 • 0 p . e .+ v �n �c n a a o .a n �n a in �o n o0 o ry m �n u n m m o ry m in u r m m � T m m m m m m o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o m � m m �i m m m m m o 0 0 0 � o 0 0 0 �m-1 .�i ��-I ti .��I ti .mi w�i ti ti f�`� N N f�V N N f�V N N em9 ti e�i em1 ��-I emi N ti .m-1 emi N f�'1 N f�`I N f�Y f�`! f�'1 fV While overall emissions have risen significantly,they have done so at a rate about half that of population growth. Thanks to local actions, state building codes,and federal appliance and automobile efficiency standards,Palm Desert has cut its per capita.GHG intensity by nearly a third since 1990. The inventory also presents, in significant detail,a major challenge: greenhouse gases— expressed as carbon dioxide or COZ equivalents—have increased from 406,607 metric tonnes in 1990 to 621,225 metric tonnes in 2008.This reality stands in stark contrast to the City's emissions goal of 378,145 tonnes, 7%below 19901evels. (Detailed numbers are presented in the full inventory report and its attached technical appendices.) ��.o�o 650.000 600,000 550,� 500,0� �- - - - iGHG EnisslonS ��1990 Level 450,000 - 7%be�ow 1990 OOO,OW 350pW 3�.W0 1.A,qy'1'�'L,�9'!��4,.,b,�q1•,q�1qqA��J ry��'L��3��}�b l�(0��1��! M ^f' �J The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives' (ICLEI) Ctean Air and Climate Protection(CACP) software was used to build the inventory which features a 2008 baseline. The software presents in-depth accounting of municipal emissions—directly within local government control—and community emissions. The report makes use of the image of putting a bubble over the City to capture emissions; flows of carbon into and out of the City are also tracked. Of the total,the largest segments are transportation, electricity and natural gas. 2008 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions W��e Fugitive EmEssions �faturalGas 0.2`% 9.6% 16 3�� . Trsnspartation I 36.8"5 ��. Elcetricity 36.9:'S �� .rr�� 1 �� :�. �� In Palm Desert,municipal operarions are responsible for 1.7%of total emissions. These emissions include building and faciliries, street and tra�c lights,water pumping and wastewater treatment for the community,the City fleet,and other operations. Community emissions include residential and commercial buildings,the resorts&golf courses, transportation,and solid waste. Palm Desert's unique resort preeminence is carefully considered, from the GHGvalues of elechicity usage,natural gas consumption and golf course fertilizing.Palm Desert resorts and golf courses are responsible for 10.5%of community GHG emissions. The report also presents the results of a"back-cast"to 1990 emissions levels,the inverse of forecasting. Various data were used,many assumptions were reasoned and logged, data was at times triangulated and discounted,and a 1990 emissions level of 406,607 metric tonnes is presented.This provides a basis for the City's goal of 7%below 19901evels of 378,145 mehic tonnes. Based on the reality of greenhouse gas growth—currently the City is 223,080 metric tonnes above its targeted level--the report recommends recalibrating the City's 2007 resolution(07-78) to achieve the target by 2020. 5 aoo oao - — sao.oav 700.000 �GHG Emiss�ons 600,OQ0 ��1990 Level � 7%beiow 1990 SaQ•� 7argetReducUon�07-78] � FievtsedTarget a00,000 . ..� 3Qf3.0� 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2Ra9 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20i a 2016 2018 2020 This Greenhouse Gas Inventory is accompanied by the completion of the City's first Environmental Sustainability Plan with an action plan to stem emissions.Whiie some measures are underway,the Environmental Sustainability Plan presents and quantifies 20 actions from Phase 1 which will cut CO�emissions.These low and no-cost measures put the City squarely on a path of climate protection. 7 Introduction On December 13,2007 the Palm Desert City Council adopted Resolution 07-78. It was a major first step by the City towards a systematic approach to lessening greenhouse gas emissions. Palm Desert opted to set its own reduction targets in line with the Kyoto Protocol,and to make a major commitment to meeting it. Over a five year period beginning in 2007,the Resolution called for cutting greenhouse gas emissions to a level7%below 19901evels. Thus by 2012, the City would exceed the AB 32 2020 goal of reducing emissions to 19901evels.The City would join others to be a leader in climate protection. This analysis,however,makes clear that the target would be impossible to reach without "financial ruin,"due to one major factor: Since 1990 the City's population has doubled. Emissions have continued to climb since 1990,making the 7%reduction goal that much less tenable. This report presents steps to reversing this trend and achieving the goals over time. Resolution 07-78 did,however,begin a deliberate process of ineasuring the City's emissions and developing strategies to reduce them. Constructing the City's first greenhouse gas inventory was a first step in that process. This report presents the emissions inventory in detail, including trends,challenges and highlights progress to date. Greenhouse Gases Fundamentals Greenhouse gases are gases that absorb infrared radiation from the sun and trap the heat in the atmosphere. The result of this process,known as the greenhouse effect,warms the atmosphere and makes life on Earkh possible. However, in recent years,human activiries such as the rapid development of industries have increased the rate of greenhouse gas production,resulting in global warming. � Types of Greenhouse Gases Six primary greenhouse gases(GHGs)trap the Sun's heat within the Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is the predominant greenhouse gas,making up 89%of all GHGs.� For purposes of analysis, each of the other five gases—methane,nitrous oxides,hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocazbons and sulfur hexafluoride--is converted to its COZ"equivalenY',abbreviated COZe. This is done by multiplying the metric tonnes of the greenhouse gas by the Global Warming Potential(GWP). �/»ventory oj'U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks:1990-2003(Apri12005).U.S.Environmenlal Protection Agency. http://www.epagov/climatcxhange%missions/downloads06/OSCRpdf 8 Carbon Dioxide(CO�L Carbon dioxide results from the combustion of carbon-based fuels-- fossil fuels from coal,oil,gas, as well as wood wastes and trees --and some industrial manufacturing. The global warming potential of COZ is 1? Methane(CH4�: Methane is the next most important GHG. Each molecule of inethane has 25 times the global warming potential of CO2.2 Methane comes from landfills (from anaerobic digestion of organic materials), from fermentation of materials, and from feedlots. Nitrous Oxides(N�0):Nitrous oxides result from ammonia production, fertilizer manufacturing and other agricultural practices and from the buming of transportation fuels.They have a global warming potential of 298.2 Hvdrofluorocarbons(HFCs�: Refrigerants, substitute for CFCs,have a global warmircg potential of 124-14,800.2 Perfluorocarbons: (PFC): PFCs result from semiconductor manufacturing and have a global warming potential of 7,390— 12,200.' Sulfur hexafluoride(SF�: Sulfur hexafluoride is a little known GHG,with a huge global warming potential of 22,800.2 It results from electricity transmission and distribution, as well as magnesium production. National Greenhouse Gas Statistics The United States greenhouse gas emissions in 2006 reached 7,051.10 million metric tonnes, representing a national per capita rate of 23 mehic tons.3 United States Greenhouse Gas Emissions r.soa � g �5 �Aaa . a$ S $ s.soo 0 S r 'y� 6.00U 2 a � 5 500 a � n � s,oao � d'' �P'ti �''' $° �'`' a'�' a°�1 �° oP`' d� cP cP�' cp'' cP' cPy d�° '� '� 1 1� '> > t ♦ ti � 1 'L 'L 'L 'L 'L 'l California Greenhouse Gas Statistics , "Climate CHange 2007:Synthesis Reporf,Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change. http://www l.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/assessments-reporls.htm 3 lnventory ojU.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissians and Sinks:1990-2007,U.S.Environm�tal Protection Agency. http://www.epagov/climatechange%missions/downloads/usinventoryreport.html � California's greenhouse gas emissions for 2006 reached 483.87 million metric tonnes.4 Although this represents significant emissions,in comparison to the national average, Californians have 44%less emissions,only 13.27 metric tonnes per capita,versus the national average of 23 metric tonnes per capita. CaliforniaGreenhouseGas Emissions soo y� asv — g � 460 .�.___-'- . ---- --. 3 � 440 �--.._.... � ._....�.. �. � 420 � - �- -- 8y� 2 400 . . a 1�- '9� 380 — 2 • 360 �--- �— � 3� . c � g szo -- soo �9� ��1 �991, ,9��y 1�9a ,�95 ',,�o ,�91 ,�� 1q�A 'L� 'y�'� 1�'L 'Lpp'4 'L�4 M1�h 'L�0 �Ss Key Greenhouse Gas Emissions Legislation a) International—Kyoto Protocol (December 11, 1997) • 162 Countries signed and ratified • United States and Australia have not ratified,volunteered action ■ Goal to reach 5.2%below 1990 GHG levels by 2008-2012 b) California—AB 32—Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (September 27,2006) � by Jan 1, 2007 List Early Actions�ompleted • by Jan 1,2008 Report CA Emissions Report---Completed • by Jan 1,2009 Scoping Plan—Completed December 11,2008 • by 2010 Early Acrions Effecrive/Implemented • by 2011 GHG Limits and Measures Adopted • by 2012 GHG Limits and Measure Implemented • by 2020 Reduce GHG Emissions to 1990 Levels • by 2050 Reduce GHG Emissions to 80%of 1990 Level c) California—Scoping Plan (AB 32) (December 12, 2008) 4 1990—2004 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Dala(2007),Califomia Environmental Protection Agency. http:llwww.arb.ca.govlcc/inventory/archive/lables/ghp inventory_ipcc_90-04 all 2007-11-19.pdf Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data-2000 to 2006(2009).Califomia Environntental Proteclion Agency. http:llwww.arb.ca.govlcc/invenloryldala/tables/gh�inventory_ipcc_00-06_all_2009-03-13.pdf 10 • Recommends local governments set GHG reduction goal to at least 15%below present levels by 2020 • Adopts"Local Government Operations Protocol" • CA to develop Cap-and-Trade Program linked to Western Climate Initiative(WCI) by January 1,2011 (1) lst compliance period(2012�includes electricity generation, including imports not within WCI Partner jurisdiction,and large industrial faciliries that emit over 25,000 metric tons COZe per year (2) 2nd compliance period(2015}—governs upstream treatment of industrial fuel combustion with emissions at or below 25,000 MT CO�e per year,and Transportation fuel combustion regulated where fuel enters into commerce • Encourages local governments to raise the bar by adopring"beyond-code" green building requirements • July 2008�alifornia Building Standards Commission(CABSC)adopted the Green Building Standards Code(GBSC) for new construction. Commercial Green Building Code is voluntary but CBSC anticipates adopting a mandatory code in 2011. Note: Green Building Strategy's goal is zero net energy(ZNE) for new and existing homes. d) California Senate Bill SB 375 (September 30,2008) • Set GHG reduction targets by region(by 2010) • Align regional planning efforts • Set auto emissions target • Reduce vehicle miles travelled(VMT) • Measure social equity factors including housing and transportation affordability and job-housing fit(added to bill in October,2009) e) Executive Order S-21-09 (October 15, 2009) • 33%Renewable Portfolio Standard(RPS)for utilities by 2020 11 Inventory Protocols and Tools International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI)has been at the forefront of ineasuring greenhouse gases for some time. In 1990, its pioneering Urban COZ Reduction Project developed the�rst inventories of European and North American cities. Today, ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protection(CCP) campaign provides a framework for local communities to identify and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The ICLEI CCP climate action process progresses with five milestones: 1. Conduct an inventory of local greenhouse gas emissions; 2. Establish a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target; 3. Develop an action plan for achieving the emissions reduction target; 4. Implement the action plan; 5. Monitor and report on progress. Clean Air and Climate Protection(CACP)Software For this greenhouse gas inventory,the City of Palm Desert used the Clean Air and Climate Protection(CACP) software developed by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI). CACP is designed specifically for local governments and cities. Its"Local Government Operations Protocols"were developed in conjunction with the California Air Resource Board(CARB),an essential link given CARB's primary responsibility for implementing AB 32. This report represents the completion of the first CCP milestone and provides a foundation for future greenhouse gas inventories and reducrion plans for Palm Desert. The CACP software divides the inventory into two parts: municipal govemment emissions followed by the community-wide inventory of facilities and activities. It determines emissions using specific factors and coefficients according to the type of fuel used. Coefficients can be customized to the specific locale; specific coefficients were used for Palm Desert. Greenhouse gas emissions are aggregated and reported in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide units or COZe. Inventory Methodology and Analysis"Scopes" The CACP soflware defines types of emissions of three types,or"scopes"of the analysis. The scopes define what is included in and excluded from the analysis: Scope 1: Emissions within the city boundaries. Scope 2: Emissions which occur outside the city boundaries but that are a direct result of community activity. Scope 3: Emissions that can be tracked but do not fall within Scope 1 or Scope 2. Information Items: Emissions not cunently tracked but flagged and will be tracked in the future. 12 Units of Measurement For this analysis,emissions are measured in metric tonnes(MT)following the procedure of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)convention. Metric Tons or Tonnes Unit of wei ht e ual to 1 000 kilo rams or 2 204.6 ounds Long Tons (UK) A British measurement equivalent to 2,240 pounds, not to be confused with the US"short ton" Short Tons US US measurement also know as a short ton e uals 2 000 ounds s Establishing Palm Desert Parameters Boundary This inventory accounts for all residential,commercial,municipal,and resort activity in the City of Palm Desert. It accounts: • Electricity • Natural Gas • Water Delivery • Wastewater Treatment • Transportation • Solid Waste • "Fugitive"Emissions This inventory does not account for emissions connected to: • Interstate 10 traffic • Union Paci�c Railroad traffic • Palm Springs Airport All of these emissions are produced outside the City I � of Palm Desert limits. I 4 The Bubble Concent: To grasp how emissions are ' "captured," imagine putting a bubble over the City � limits. All emissions stay within the bubble and must � be taken into account. In addition,the City must account for the"embedded carbon"of all energy �i �,;,�, coming into the bubble,and all energy passing from �� .� f��. �:. the bubble. The predominant import is electricity and �••� •+' the predominant export is waste. (While some cities have their own landfill,within the bubble,Palm Desert exports its trash to regional landfills.) 5 Tonnes Conversiai,Metric Conversions.org.http://www.metric-conversions.org/weight/tanne-conversion.htm 13 The fundamental reality of Palm Desert's greenhouse gas inventory is a doubling of population "within the bubble."In 1990 there were 23,252 residents of Palm Desert. By 2008—the most recent year for data—the population had swelled to 50,907. With this increase in population has come a signi�cant increase in GHG emissions. Data Collection Creating Palm Desert's first greenhouse gas inventory required data collecrion from a variety of sources, listed here in alphabetical order: o Burrtec Waste Industries o Palm Desert City Landscape Manager o Cal Fire Riverside County o Palm Desert Code Compiiance Manager o California Air Resources Board o Palm Desert Finance Department o California Biomass o Palm Desert Marketing Manager o California Climate Action Registry o Palm Desert Office of Energy Management o California Finance Board o Palm Desert Public Works o California lntegrated Waste Management o Palm Desert Recycling Technician Board o Paim Desert Regional Development Agency o City of Paim Desert Human Resources Dept. o Paim Desert Speciai Projects o Clean Energy Fuels o Paim Desert Transportation Manager o Climate Mitigation Services o Richard Cromwell and Associates o Coacheila Vailey Area Governments o Riverside County Sheriff's Department o Coachella Valley Water District o South Coast Air Quality Management o Desert Sands Unified School District District o Environmentai Institute of Goif o Southern California Edison o Golf Course Superintendants Association of o Southern California Gas/Sempra America o Sunline Bus o Imperial Irrigation Water District o Terra Renewal o North American Electrical Reliability o Torrie Smith and Associates Corporation o U.S.Environmental Protection Agency o Pacific Gas and Electric o Waste Management Inc. o Palm Desert City Engineer Establishing the 2008 Baseline The Local Governments Operations Protocol directs cities to establish a baseline year that provides the most complete and relevant data. For Palm Desert's inventory, 2008 was selected as the baseli.ne year since that is the year for which the most complete data sets on the four largest contributors of emissions-electricity, gas,vehicle miles travelled,and waste-are available. 14 Palm Desert 2008 GHG Inventory Citywide Emissions Summary In the 2008 baseline year, the City of Palm Desert emitted 621,225 metric tonnes of CO�e. This baseline summary represents a GHG intensity of 12.2 metric tonnes per capita. Electrici 228,933 tonnes COZe 36.9%of Ci ide emissions Natural Gas 102,773 tonnes COZe 16.5%of Cit ide emissions Trans ortation 228,572 tonnes COze 36.8%of Cit ide emissions Solid Waste 59,489 tonnes COZe 9.6%of Ci ide emissions Fu itive Emissions 1,458 tonnes COZe 0.2%of Ci ide emissions Percentages of emissions are represented in the chart below: 2008 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions W��e Fugitive Emissions , iVaturai Gas 0.2% 9.646 I 16.33> _ ,� 7ransparl�ilon 36.8`s� Efettrieity { 36.99i, �` `R_ ct� 1� � Municipal Emissions The CACP inventory process begins with a focus on municipal emissions given eacl� city's ability to influence these emissions directly. For most cities,municipal emissions account for approximately 3%of citywide emissions.While a mini.mal portion of the overall inventory,cities can take immediate action on"getting their own houses in order"before tackling community- wide emissions. Palm Desert's municipal emissions account for 1.7%of citywide emissions. Lower municipal emissions may be explai.ned by the Sheriff s Department being located at the Civic Center (shared utility),the Fire Department being contracted out to Riverside County,and all schools belonging to the regional Desert Sands Unified School District. Some of the emissions from these entities were identi�able and are included in the municipal emissions reporting; the others are embedded within the community figures. In the 2008 baseline year,municipal facilities and activities emitted 10,778 metric tonnes of CO�e. Municipal facilities accounted for 10.4%, streetlights &traf�c signals for 6.2%,water delivery for 28.8%,wastewater for 21.8%, the vehicle fleet for 17.8%,the employee commute for 4.1%,transit fleet for 10.4%,and refrigerants from all sectors account for 0.4%of municipal emissions. Municipal Emissions Refrigerants All Employee 5�� Commute �•'�'� Streetlights& TrafficSignafs 4.1% Tratuit Fleet 8ui�dirags_. 6.2% 10.4% f ati{ ..:�� lU.�� . Vehieie Fieet � 17.896 WatPr[3elidery Facili�ies 28.896 Municipal Buildings Pa1m Desert municipal buildings contributed 1,126 tonnes of COZe,representing 10.4%of municipal greenhouse gas emissions. Of this, electricity accounted for 3.9%and natural gas accounted for 6.5%. The Electricity Municipal Accounts Report for 2008 was provided by Southern California Edison. It gives kWh usage,meter read date,rate family,bill amount,tariff and service address. Municipal buildings idenrified in the report include City Ha1UCivic Center, Sheriff Substation, City Office and Storage,Community Center,Department of Rehabilitation,City Apartment Building Common Areas,Visitors Center,and Public Works Corporate Yard. The Natural Gas Municipal Accounts Report for 2008 was provided by Southern California Gas Company. It provides annual therms used,North American Industry Classificarion System (NAICS)code classification, rate group,and customer address. Municipal buildings identified in the report include City Ha1UCivic Center, City Apartment Buildings Common Areas, Community Center, Desert Willow,Fire Protection,Henderson Community Building,Public Works Corporate Yard and the Visitors Center. Electricity 1,446,822 kWh 424 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 132,004 therms 702 tonnes of COZe Streetlights and Outdoor Lighting Streetlights and outdoor lighting contributed 666 tonnes of COZe, representing 6.2%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions. The Electricity Municipal Accounts Report for 2008 provided by Southem California Edison gives the electricity usage for Traffic Signals, Streetlights, Park Lighting and Outdoor Lighting. Electricity 2,273,839 kWh 666 tonnes of COZe Water Delivery The energy associated with water pumping contributed 3,099 tonnes of CO,e,representing 28.8%of municipal greenhouse gas emissions. Water for Palm Desert is provided by the Coachella Valley Water District. The District serves a valley population of 282,426; this inventory accounts only for the proportion serving Palm Desert. The City's domestic water is pumped primarily from the Whitewater River sub-basin(an underground aquifer)consisting of 50 wells with an average depth of 900 feet. For the purposes of this inventory, emissions from the pumping energy(electricity)of the water used within the city limits are included. Electricity 10,588,656 kWh 3,099 tonnes of COZe Wastewater Treatment Wastewater treatment contributed 2,354 tonnes of COZe, representi.ng 21.8%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions;electricity accounted for 21.7%and natural gas accounted for 0.1%. The Coachella Valley Water District provides wastewater services to the following cities: Palm Desert,Indian Wells,Rancho Mirage,and Cathedral City. Wastewater from Palm Desert is transmitted through sewer lines to the Cook Street treatment plant(Water Reclamation Plant #10), operated by means of an"aerobic treatment"or"activated sludge"system.Palm Desert contributes approximately 50%of the wastewater to the plant. Emissions from electricity pumping and treatment of wastewater are the largest source of emissions from the wastewater process. Eledricity 8,016,206 kWh 2,346 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 1,335 therms 7 tonnes of COZe Municipal Fleet The municipal fleet contributed 1,917 tonnes of COZe in 2008, representing 17.8%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions. The fleet includes vehicles for Administration(84 tonnes, 0.8%), Council(2 tonnes,0.0%),Parks(6 tonnes,0.1%), Streets Department(46 tonnes,0.4%), City Yard(10 tonnes,0.1%),Visitors Center(0 tonnes,0.0%), Sheriffls Department(676 tonnes, 6.3%), Fire Department(120 tonnes, 1.1%),Burrtec(813 tonnes,7.5%), Desert Sands Uni�ed School District(75 tonnes,0.7%)and Off Road Vehicles(86 tonnes,0.8%). Another way of presenting municipal fleet emissions is by fuel type,and miles per gallon gas equivalence (mpgge). CNG 41,086 mpgge 187 tonnes of COZe Diesel 58,601 gallons 595 tonnes of COZe Gasoline 117,945 gallons 1,050 tonnes of COZe Off Road Diesel 2,995 gallons 30 tonnes of COZe Off Road Gasoline 6,295 gallons 55 tonnes of COZe Employee Commute City employee commuting contributed 446 tonnes of COZe in 2008, representing 4.1%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions. To address the employee commute requirements in CACP, the following assumptions and calcularions were made: Annual vehicle miles traveled were calculated by multiplying number of employees,miles per round trip,and number of annual trips. Palm Desert has 170 municipal employees; assumptions were made that they commute in passenger cars and light duty trucks, assuming commutes between 5, 15 and 25 miles round trip and taking into account 249 business days a year(excluding weekends and Palm Desert's 12 observed holidays). Gasoline 846,600 VMT 446 tonnes of COZe Transit Fleet The Transit Fleet contributed 1,126 tonnes of CO2e,representing 10.4%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions. In 1994, SunLine began a two-year process to convert its fleet serving the City of Palm Desert to compressed natural gas(CNG). Currently all SunLine buses are running on CNG. (This report does not account for the SunLine demonstration buses.) Using the 2008 bus schedules provided by SunLine Transit Agency,the bus routes were organized according to the time of pick-up or drop-off and bus number. The distance traveled was calculated by using Google Maps and only distances traveled within the City of Palm Desert were counted. The number of miles traveled per day for the 2008 bus fleet totals 481,202 miles traveled in Palm Desert city limits. The average 40 foot CNG bus travels 3.1 mpgge(miles per gallon gas equivalent)6 resulting in 155,226 mpgge of CNG used within Palm Desert city limits. CNG 155,226 mpgge 1,126 tonnes of COZe Fugitive Emissions for All Sectors Fugitive emissions contributed 45 tonnes of COZe,representing 0.4%of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions. Fugitive emissions include refrigerants used within the City boundaries. Reports from three sectors were obtained: Desert Sands Unified School District fleet,Riverside County Fire Department,and"Community Commercial"discussed below. Data acquisition in the future is expected to improve as more effective refrigerant tracking solutions and requirements are being developed at the statewide level. At this time,fugitive emissions statists are limited. The Desert Sands Unified School District fleet is comprised of 195 busses and support vehicles. For those 195 vehicles,285 pounds of R-134a refrigerant are used annually. Based on student population, 60.541bs of DSUSD refrigerants are attributed to Palm Desert. Riverside County Fire Departrnent reported six of the eight Fire Vehicles used three pounds of R-134a refrigerant addirions in 2008,bringing the total of refrigerants used by the Riverside County Fire Department in Palm Desert to 15 pounds. Community commercial refrigerant reports submitted for AQMD Rule 1415 from facilities in Palm Desert show that only eight companies reported additions of refrigerant to their equipment. Six of the eight locations use R-22 and the other two locations use R-404. This information is being included in the report,although clearly limited. HFC-134a 75.51 Ibs 45 tonnes of COZe 6 Ten Years of Compressed Na�ura!Gas(CNGJ Ope�ations at SunLine Transi�Agency, Nalional Renewable Energy Laboratory. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy060sti/39l 80.pdf Community In the 2008 baseline year,community activities emitted 610,447 metric tonnes of CO2e. Community residential activity accounted for 28.1%,community commercial 14.7%,resorts and golf courses 10.5%, community transportation contributed 36.9%,and solid waste accounted for 9.7%of the total community emissions. Community Emissions w�e - 9.�6 Resi�antial .8.1�: 1, Tr�naportatien , 35.9�G Commerciaf �' 14.7g6 RQsvrts&Gclf Covrses 10.�r`�i, Residential The community residenrial sector contributed 171,714 tonnes of CO2e,representing 28.1%of the community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 16.1%and natural gas accounted for 12%.� Electricity 336,791,782 kWh 98,583 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 13,747,419 therms 73,131 tonnes of COZe Commercial The community commercial sector contributed 90,010 tonnes of COZe,representing 14.7%of the community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 12%and natural gas accounted for 2.8%.� Electricity 249,566,770 kWh 73,051 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 3,187,971 therms 16,959 tonnes of COZe 7 Electricily Residenlial and Commercial Usage Reporis for 2008 were provided by Southem Califomia Edison and Imperial Icrigation Districl. Natural Gas Residential and Commercial Usage Reports for 2U08 were provided by Southem Califomia Gas Company. Industry—Resorts 8 Golf Courses The Resorts&Golf Courses sector contributed 64,152 tonnes of COZe,representing 10.5%of the community greenhouse gas emissions; electricity accounted for 8.3%,natural gas accounted for 2%and nitrous oxide accounted for 0.2%. Palm Desert is unique in having 28 golf resorts and 36 individual courses. Its Resorts and Golf Courses were identified within the Community sector as the City's"Industry." Data from The Gas Company was available based on NAICS codes. Electricity usage for the industry was assumed using the same percentage of the natural gas commercial accounts and applying it to electricity commercial accounts. Fugitive emissions, namely nitrous oxide from fertilizers applied to the courses,were calculated. Due to lack of data,the transportation attributed to visitors or resort vehicles, although embedded in the community transportation numbers,were not identifiable. Electricity 173,427,756 kWh 50,764 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 2,254,595 therms 11,975 tonnes of COZe Nitrous Oxide 4,557 kg 1,413 tonnes of COZe Transportation The community transportation sector contributed 225,083 tonnes of CO2e,representing 36.9%of the community greenhouse gas emissions. Palm Desert's transportation data was developed from the Coachella Valley Transportarion Report$with adjustments to account for Palm Desert's characteristics. Palm Desert popularion accounts for approximately 11%of the Coachella Valley's population. This percentage of the total vehicle miles traveled in the Coachella Va11ey region was ariributed to Palm Desert. With Interstate 10 falling outside of the Palm Desert boundaries,the heavy 33,000+(mainly Semi-Tractor Trailers)vehicle miles traveled were not factored in. The inventory does take into account miles traveled by Burrtec and Fire Department Vehicles which would fall into this class. Vehicle miles traveled for SunLine and Desert Sands Unified School District bus fleet were calculated for the miles traveled within the Palm Desert Boundaries. Special consideration was given to the demographic of Palm Desert drivers.Per the Coachella Valley Transportation Report,retired drivers(assuming drivers 65+)drive 23%less than non- retired drivers.9 Since 30%of the popularion in Palm Desert is 65 years old or older,this reduced vehicle miles traveled by passenger cars and light duty trucks accordingly. Fuel 368,694,193 VMT 225,083 tonnes of COZe g Coachel/a Yalley Fleet Statistics(Sa/ton Sea portion ofRiverside Counry)Report 1008.Califomia Air Resource Board 9 2004 Orrgrns and Destrnations Survey.Coachella Valley Association of Govemments htlp://www.cvag.org/frans/pdffiles/2004%200rigin%20and%20Destination.pdf Solid Waste Community solid waste contributed 59,489 tonnes of COZe,representing 9.7%of the community greenhouse gas emissions. According to the California lntegrated Waste Management Board, Palm Desert produced 241,910 tons of solid waste in 2008,with 74,992 tons being transported to a managed landfill outside of the Palm Desert boundaries and 166,918 tons being diverted.10 Palm Desert's diversion rate of 69% is well above the state average and is avoiding 77,330 additional tonnes of COZe a year. Solid Waste 74,992 Tons 59,489 tonnes of COZe 1990 GHG Emissions Back-casting to 1990 Summary of Available Data Based on the 2008 baseline,the"big four"emitters of greenhouse gases in Palm Desert were identi�ed as electricity,natural gas, transportation,and waste.These major sources were the focus of the back-casting exercise. Southern California Edison provided actual electricity usage for the City in 1990. The Gas Company provided usage data back to 1995, enabling a trend to be developed to arrive at a 1990 figure.For transportation,the Coachella Valley Transportation Report suggested that annual vehicle miles traveled has not significantly changed. In fact, in recent years,annual average VMT has decreased within the Valley by a few hundred miles,possibly due to services getting closer.A straight vehicle miles traveled per population approach was taken. As for waste,the Califortua Integrated Waste Management Board was able to provide usage data back to 1995, enabling a trend to be developed to arrive at a 1990 figure. Electricity 400,916,774 kWh 188,450 tonnes of COZe Natural Gas 12,661,550 therms 67,355 tonnes of COZe Transportation 170,032,414 VMT 129,870 tonnes of COZe Solid Waste 37,792 tons 20,932 tonnes of COZe Based on the above 1990 figures,the City of Palm Desert emitted approximately 406,607 metric tonnes of COZe in 1990,reflecting 17.5 metric tonnes per capita. ��Jurisdiction Profrle for Crty ojPalm Desert.(2006).Califomia lntegrated Waste Management Board. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Igtools/mars/dcmcmian.asp?ju=359&V W=In 1990 Palm Desert Citywide CO2e Emissions warts ___ _ 5.196 �datural Gas � 1fi 6', Trars�portatian 3,L.396 - Elrctriutyr 45.3'� 5�` �'r;5fi, CACP Software Adjustments The above calculations include coefficients calculated by the CACP software. They take into account changes made over the last 18 years in the emissions produced by the electrical grid. They also reflect improved vehicle gas mileage and environmental performance. Palm Desert Report Adjustments The energy reducrions of numerous statewide and Federal efficiency advances, such as Title 24 and Energy Star,remain un-quantified,but clearly have an influence on both the data collected from 1990 as well as on the data for the baseline year of 2008. Impact of Palm Desert Efficiency and Sustainability Programs Palm Desert has a long history of environmental stewardship and greenhouse gas reduction through energy efficiency and environmental programs back into the 1990s. Eazly members of Council and the community took leadership roles and created an ethic backed by City policy. This greenhouse gas inventory includes the results of these sustainability initiarives. These have reduced the total figures for electricity,natural gas, and travel. To estimate reducrions and future measures that will result in reductions, this analysis included a review of the City's 2008 initiatives. The appendix to the inventory includes briefings on these iniriatives and an explanation of the methodologies used to quantify their savings. Caution was taken to avoid double counting due to overlapping programs. For example,the Energy Independence Program(EIP), included on its own in one briefmg, is embedded in the Palm Desert Energy Partnership figures. All natural gas savings in the City are included in the Partnership figures quantified by an analysis of citywide consumption. In the future,coordinated efforts to maintain data on these projects will improve the understanding of the effect they are having on the community. The chart below shows the relative percentages of the most effective City initiatives.This highlights the importance of the Palm Desert Energy Partnership as a major effort. Alternative fuels programs also have made a significant difference in reducing emissions. Avoided Tonnes of CO2e Emissions New CoravuGdao Ordre�ae: �mp��, � CamDined ASrennarjve Fuels Elearkhy SZ —� Fleeu,653 RideShare PraRram, 24 Urban Forestry Pr�ram:„_„__ � LED Signak and Excha�e.285 Elettirkhy.241 �—_ ' �LEEDCertified Buiidings. 44 EIP,237��` - PEAKEpucBdor�al Program.7 � �� . Set to Save:PD Ene�y �art�ership(30/30j:NaturaF Gas,5,120 :a��. , -�� . Srtm Save;Rq freery RsrtRe�chip�30/3ff}:Elertiriciiw 5,1U2 •�.. ti�' , •.r• The prograzns listed above account for 17,360 avoided tonnes of CO2e. The recycling program accounts for an additiona177,330 avoided tonnes of COZe. These programs combined total 94,690 tonnes. Without these programs the 2008 baseline would have been 715,915 tonnes. The graph below shows the relarive change provided by the programs for 2008. The red line represents"business as usual"without the efficiency and sustainability programs,the blue line represents the actu�l GHG emissions with the efficiency and sustainability programs included. �o.o� �so.000 �oo,000 � i 650.000 �'Business as Usual'without �•� j Suste(nabllity�nroetives S 50.000 �GtIG Emisslons S�� 19901eyel s 50 000 7'Xbelow 1990 600.000 35a.000 300.000 1°i�O 1A�,1A9ry`�19��i�p 19��199b 1991 19��199�'�" '�.C�1'L��'1•1,�'y'L�4'�.�5'L��O'L�'`'L�'b Taking Action "Business as Usual" Emissions Projecting emissions for 2012 and 2020 are based on the 2008 inventory per capita emissions and population growth as estimated by the Riverside County Center for Demographic Research.�� According to the study,the estimated population for Palm Desert will grow to 56,496 in 2012 and 64,860 by 2020. The 2008 per capita rate for GHG emissions were multiplied by the projected population,projecting on the current path emissions will raise to 689,251 metric tonnes in 2012 and 791,292 metric tonnes in 2020. "Business as Usual" emissions without Sustainability Initiatives would rise to 796,594 metric tonnes in 2012 and 914,526 metric tonnes in 2020. i,000,000 900,0�0 - - 800.44q �w'Business as Usual"Nnthvut �� _ Sustninabiiity initiatives �GHG Emissions 6�.� ��19901e�e1 79i6elow 1990 500.000 . _ 400,000 300,000 I990 1992 1994 1996 1998 20A0 2Q02 2004 2006 2008 20i0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 �� City ofPalm Desert Profrle,Riverside County Center for Demographic Research. http://www.rctlma.org/rcd/default.aspx Action Plan for Achieving Emission Reductions This Greenhouse Gas inventory is closely linked to the City's first Environmental Sustainability Plan. From a roster of 148 recommended actions on energy,water, air quality,buildings, etc.,the Plan recommends 20 measures for immediate adoption. Each of the Top 20 scored highest in the multi-variety selection process, fulfilling all criteria for feasibility, low cost to the City, efficacy,community support, and emissions impact. First and foremost among them are energy-saving measures that deliver real energy, dollar, and carbon offset values. Some of the Top 20 measures are underway; some efforts need to be reinvigorated,and they are all projected to cut COZ emissions. These low and no-cost measures put the City squarely on a path of climate protection. Recalibrate Timing of Reductions This Plan suggests revising the 2007 Palm Desert GHG resolution. First,it recommends recalibrating its timing to allow for a reversal of the GHG trend and for City measures to get traction. Attempting to reach the original target by 2012 would be financially impossible. Revised GHG Emissions Reductions Targets 7%below 19901evels by 2020 900.OflQ 900.OQ0 70a,�0 +�Gr+G Emissfons 600 000 �=�1990 Level �` 7%below 1990 • SQf3,UU� � � - -- Targe!Reductiors�07-78� • ` � ` RevisedTarget • 4QO,U00 � asa • ,� •tt �e 300.000 1990 1992 1994 1996 199$2a00 2002 200d 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Climate Action Plan Targets Carrying out the City's Climate Action Plan begins a reversal. It begins the downward trend essential to hit the targets,and to achieve even deeper cuts over time. It broadens the Council's 07-78 resolution's goal by 2020, exceeding the AB 32 requirement for the Sta.te of reaching 1990 levels by 2020. . Technical Appendices Background Information 1. Greenhouse Gases 2. Definition of CACP Software&ICLEI Scopes 3. Establishing the Palm Desert Boundary 4. Palm Desert Population Growth 5. Municipal Growth-Employees and Budget 6. CACP Coefficients 7. Comparison of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita Electricity 8. Citywide Electricity Usage Natural Gas 9. Citywide Natural Gas Usage Transportation 10. Coinmunity Vehicle Miles Traveled 11. Municipal Fleet-Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption 12. Riverside County Sheriffls Department-Vehicle Fleet Miles and Fuel Consumption 13. Municipal Employee Commute 14. Riverside County Fire Deparhnent-Fire Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert 15. Burrtec-Waste Transport Vehicle Miles and Fuel Consumption 16. DSUSD-School Bus Vehicle Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert 17. SunLine Transit Agency-Bus Miles Traveled and Fuel Consumption for Palm Desert Solid Waste 18. Palm Desert Solid Waste and Recycling 19. Solid Waste Composition 20. Compost 21. Methane Emissions from Landfills Wastewater 22. Wastewater Treatment Water 23. Water Delivery Fugitive Emissions 24. Refrigerant Use for Community Buildings 25. DSUSD-Refrigerant Usage for Palm Desert 26. Riverside County Fire Department-Fire Vehicle Re&igeranl Use in Palm Desert Industry 27. Natural Gas and Electricity Consumption 28. Nitrous Oxide from Fertilizers on Golf Courses Sustainability Initiatives 29. Impact of Past Sustainability Initiatives 30. Palm Desert Solar PV 31. Energy Independence Program 32. Palm Desert Energy Partnership-Electrical Savings 33. Palm Desert Energy Partnership-Natural Gas Savings 34. Rideshaze Program 35. Golf Cart Transportarion Program 36. Urban Forestry Program 37. LED Traf�ic Signals 38. LEED Rated Buildings in Palm Desert 39. TUMF Funds Back-Casting to 1990 40. Summary of Available Data&Methodology Business as Usual 41. Projecring to 2012&2020