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HomeMy WebLinkAboutRG23-0005+-+SWPPP-+Approved NATIONAL STORM WATER QUALITY PROGRAM STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN Del Webb Explore Tract No. 38434/Palm Desert Explore Tract No. 38434/City of Palm Desert, California, County of Riverside Risk Level 1 Initial Preparation: 08/01/2023 WDID#: __________________ Prepared for: Pulte Homes, Inc. 27401 Los Altos Suite 400 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Bob Paradise Prepared for Pulte Homes by: 8/4/2023 ________________________________________ Date of Signature: ________________ Approved by Pulte Homes: ________________________________________ Approval Date: ___________________ 7 33C401588 8/8/2023 ____________________________ SWPPP Revised: 01/31/2024 WDID#: __________________ Prepared for: Pulte Homes, Inc. 27401 Los Altos Suite 400 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Bob Paradise 7 33C401588 __________ 01588 01/31/2024 __________ 01588 01/31/2024 Robert Paradise Erika Horn APPROVED TY 02/08/2024 Del Webb Explore 1 08/01/2023 STORMWATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN for Del Webb Explore RISK LEVEL 1 Legally Responsible Person (LRP) Bob Paradise, Pulte Homes, Inc. 951-258-6001 Approved Signatory / Division Compliance Executive (DCE) Bob Paradise, Pulte Homes, Inc. 951-258-6001 Prepared for Pulte Homes, Inc. 27401 Los Altos, Suite 400 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Project Address Southwest corner of Portola Rd. and Gerald Ford Drive SWPPP Prepared by: 21913 Long trot Drive Escondido, CA 92029 SWPPP Preparation Date 8/01/2023 Estimated Project Dates Start of Construction 08/21/2023 Completion of Construction 08/20/2031 7 33C401588 08/01/2023 REVISED: 01/31/2024 Del Webb Explore i 08/01/2023 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ I QUALIFIED SWPPP DEVELOPER (QSD) .............................................................................. 1 DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE EXECUTIVE (DCE) ............................................ 2 SECTION 1.0 STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN REQUIREMENTS .............. 3 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 3 1.2 CONTACT INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 4 1.3 NOTICE OF INTENT ........................................................................................................... 6 1.4 PLAN CERTIFICATION....................................................................................................... 6 1.5 SWPPP AVAILABILITY .................................................................................................... 6 1.6 SWPPP AMENDMENTS .................................................................................................... 7 1.7 RETENTION OF RECORDS .................................................................................................. 7 1.8 NOTICE OF TERMINATION ................................................................................................ 8 1.9 ANNUAL REPORT ............................................................................................................. 8 1.10 CHANGES TO PERMIT COVERAGE..................................................................................... 8 SECTION 2.0 SITE AND ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION ............................................................. 9 2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 9 2.2 SEQUENCE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ...................................................... 9 2.3 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION SITE POLLUTANTS .............................................................. 11 2.4 FINDINGS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE SEDIMENT AND RECEIVING WATER RISK DETERMINATION ............................................................................................................ 12 SECTION 3.0 CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ................................... 14 3.1 SCHEDULE FOR BMP IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................ 14 3.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL ............................................................................... 20 3.3 Non-Stormwater Management ...................................................................................... 23 3.4 POST - CONSTRUCTION STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MEASURES ............................... 27 3.5 COMPLIANCE WITH STATE AND LOCAL PLANS .............................................................. 27 SECTION 4.0 MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, AND INSPECTION ............................................... 29 4.1 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................... 29 4.2 STORM MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR .............................................................................. 29 4.3 INSPECTIONS .................................................................................................................. 29 4.4 CONSTRUCTION SITE MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................... 29 Del Webb Explore ii 08/01/2023 SECTION 5.0 TRAINING ................................................................................................. 45 SECTION 6.0 TRADE CONTRACTOR COMPLIANCE ........................................................ 46 6.1 CONTRACTOR AND SUBCONTRACTORS .......................................................................... 46 6.2 COMPLIANCE ORIENTATION........................................................................................... 46 SECTION 7.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 47 Del Webb Explore iii 08/01/2023 APPENDICES APPENDIX A VICINITY MAP, SITE MAP, BMP MAP APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT (APPLICABLE SECTIONS ONLY) AND BLANK/EXAMPLE FORMS INSPECTION FORM AND BMP CHECKLIST EFFLUENT SAMPLING FIELD LOG SHEET EXCEEDANCE AND DISCHARGE EVALUATION FORM CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM TRAINING FORM APPROVED SIGNATORY AUTHORIZATION FORM APPENDIX C SWPPP AMENDMENT LOG APPENDIX D DOCUMENTATION OF PERMIT ELIGIBILITY RELATED TO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS APPENDIX E CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE APPENDIX F CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS APPENDIX G BMP FACT SHEETS APPENDIX H DESCRIPTION OF POST-CONSTRUCTION BMPS APPENDIX I RESPONSIBLE PARTIES AND CONTRACTORS APPENDIX J COMPLETED FORMS APPENDIX K PERMIT REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS (PRDS) AND OTHER NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) WDID RECEIPT LETTER APPROVED SIGNATORY AUTHORIZATION RISK DETERMINATION POST CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENT DOCUMENTATION NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT) APPENDIX L TRAINING DOCUMENTATION Del Webb Explore 1 08/01/2023 Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) Approval and Certification of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Project Name: Del Webb Explore Project Number/ID "I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations." 8/4/2023 QSD Signature Date Erika Horn 25640 QSD Name QSD Certificate Number QSD, Reign Source 619-339-4107 Title and Affiliation Telephone Number erika.horn@reignsource.com Email Address 7 33C401588 1/31/2024 Del Webb Explore 2 08/01/2023 Division Environmental Compliance Executive (DCE) Approval and Certification of the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Project Name: Del Webb Explore Project Number/ID "I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the information submitted is true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations." DCE Signature Date Bob Paradise 951-258-6001 DCE Name Telephone Number Director of Land Development Bob.Paradise@PulteGroup.com Title and Affiliation Email Address 7 33C401588 1/31/2024 ____________________________ Del Webb Explore 3 08/01/2023 SECTION 1.0 STORM W ATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN REQUIREMENTS 1.1 INTRODUCTION The Del Webb Explore project comprises approximately 90 acres and is located at approximately at the southwest corner of Portola Road and Gerald Ford Drive in Palm Desert, California. The property is owned by Pulte Homes, LLC and is being developed by Pulte Homes, LLC. The project location is shown on the Vicinity Map in Appendix A. This Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is designed to comply with California’s General Permit for Stormwater Discharges Associated with Construction and Land Disturbance Activities (General Permit) Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ (NPDES No. CAS000002), as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ and 2012-0006-DWQ, issued by the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board). In accordance with the General Permit, this SWPPP is designed to address the following objectives: · All pollutants and their sources, including sources of sediment associated with construction, construction site erosion and all other activities associated with construction activity are controlled; · Where not otherwise required to be under a Regional Water Quality Control Board (Regional Water Board) permit, all non-stormwater discharges are identified and either eliminated, controlled, or treated; · Site BMPs are effective and result in the reduction or elimination of pollutants in stormwater discharges and authorized non-stormwater discharges from construction activity to the Best Available Technology/Best Control Technology (BAT/BCT) standard. Applicable sections of the California Construction General Permit (CGP) are included in Appendix B. In addition, the development of this SWPPP was guided by the requirements of the National Pulte SWPPP Format dated February 6, 2012. 1.1.1 Permit Registration Documents Required Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) shall be provided to the State Water Board via the Stormwater Multi Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS) by the Legally Responsible Person (LRP), or authorized personnel (i.e., Approved Signatory) under the direction of the LRP. The project-specific PRDs include: 1. Notice of Intent (NOI); 2. Risk Assessment (Construction Site Sediment and Receiving Water Risk Determination); 3. Site Map(s); 4. Annual Fee; 5. Post-construction water balance calculation or other documentation; Del Webb Explore 4 08/01/2023 6. Signed Certification Statement; and 7. SWPPP. Site Maps can be found in Appendix A. A copy of the applicable PRDs, that may include the NOI, Risk Assessment Documentation, Post Construction Documentation, Approved Signatory Authorization, and Waste Discharge Identification (WDID) confirmation are available in Appendix K. 1.2 CONTACT INFORMATION 1.2.1 Legally Responsible Person The Legally Responsible Person (LRP) is the person, company, agency, or other entity that possesses a real property interest in the land upon which the construction or land disturbance activities will occur for the regulated site. The LRP’s information is listed below. LRP Name: Bob Paradise Title: Director of Land Development Company: Pulte Group Inc. Address: 27401 Los Altos Suite 400 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Phone: 951-258-6001 1.2.2 Approved Signatories Approved Signatories are responsible for SWPPP implementation and have authority to sign permit-related documents. Written authorizations from the LRP for these individuals are provided in Appendix K. The Approved Signatory assigned to this project is: AS Name: N/A Title: Company: Address: Phone: Del Webb Explore 5 08/01/2023 1.2.3 Site Storm Water Representative (SSWR) The SSWR is a Pulte employee assigned to the site and is responsible for the overall SWPPP implementation, compliance with the General Construction Permit, and ensuring that field activities are planned and conducted in accordance with the SWPPP (including materials and manpower to be made available for the successful implementation and maintenance of all erosion and sediment control and other BMPs specified in the SWPPP). The current SSWR is indicated below. SSWR Name: TBD Company: Address: Phone: 1.2.4 Qualified SWPPP Practitioner The QSP is the individual assigned responsibility for non-storm water and storm water visual observations, sampling and analysis, and responsibility to ensure full compliance with the permit and implementation of all elements of the SWPPP, including the preparation of the annual report and the elimination of all unauthorized discharges. The QSP should have primary responsibility and significant authority for the implementation, maintenance, and inspection/monitoring of SWPPP requirements. The QSP shall perform or supervise all inspection, maintenance repair and sampling activities at the project location. The QSP may delegate activities to appropriately trained personnel, but shall ensure adequacy and adequate deployment. The QSP and Alternate QSP’s information is listed below. QSP Name: Erika Horn, QSD/QSP #25640 Company: Reign Source Address: 21913 Long Trot Drive, Escondido, CA 92029 Phone: 619-339-4107 Alternate QSP Name: Carlos Oliver QSD/QSP #26438 Company: Reign Source Address: 21903 Long Trot Drive, Escondido, CA 92029 Phone: 619-850-6301 David Dewegeli Pulte Group Inc. 27401 Los Altos, Suite 400, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 951-258-6001 Del Webb Explore 6 08/01/2023 1.2.5 Qualified SWPPP Developer The QSD is the individual who is authorized to develop and revise the SWPPP. The QSD should be contact regarding questions or concern with this document. The QSD’s information is listed below. QSD Name: Erika Horn, QSD #25640 Company: Reign Source Address: 21913 Long Trot Drive, Escondido, CA 92029 Phone: 619-339-4107 1.2.6 Contractor and Subcontractors The SWPPP is required to list all contractors, subcontractors, and individuals who will be directed by the Qualified SWPPP Practitioner. The list shall include telephone numbers, work addresses, areas of responsibility, and emergency contact numbers. The Contractor and Subcontractor list is included in Appendix I and shall be updated as contractors, subcontractors and individuals change. Pursuant to their individual contracts with Pulte Homes Inc., contractors at the project site are responsible for compliance with the General Construction Permit, this SWPPP, and all other water quality rules and regulations applicable to their activities. Specifically, all contractors must abide by the SWPPP and must implement and maintain the BMPs relevant to their activities as directed by Pulte Homes, Inc., the QSD, the QSP, and or other authorized Pulte Homes, Inc. representatives. 1.3 NOTICE OF INTENT A copy of the Notice of Intent (NOI) for this project is included in Appendix K. 1.4 PLAN CERTIFICATION Certifications of the SWPPP by the Qualified SWPPP Developer and Division Environmental Compliance Executive are included at the front of the SWPPP following the title page. 1.5 SWPPP AVAILABILITY The SWPPP shall be available at the construction site during working hours while construction is occurring and shall be made available upon request by a State or Municipal inspector. When the SWPPP is retained by a crewmember in a construction vehicle and is not currently at the construction site, current copies of the BMPs and map/drawing will be left with the field crew and the SWPPP shall be made available via a request by radio/telephone. The SWPPP shall be implemented concurrently with the start of ground disturbing activities. Del Webb Explore 7 08/01/2023 1.6 SWPPP AMENDMENTS The SWPPP should be revised when: · There is an applicable General Permit violation; · There is a reduction or increase in total disturbed acreage; · BMPs do not meet the objectives of reducing or eliminating pollutants in stormwater discharges; · There is a change in construction or operations which may affect the discharge of pollutants to surface waters, groundwater(s), or a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4); · There is a change in the project duration; or · Deemed necessary by the QSD. Each amendment must include the date, a description of the change(s) and the QSD’s signature. Amendments shall be recorded in the SWPPP Amendment Log included in Appendix C. The SWPPP text shall be revised replaced, and/or hand annotated as necessary to properly convey the amendment. SWPPP amendments must be made by or at the direction of a QSD. The QSP, LRP, Contractor, or appropriate field personnel shall notify the QSD when an amendment or revision is needed. 1.7 RETENTION OF RECORDS All records of stormwater monitoring information (described in Section 4.0) and copies of reports (including Annual Reports) must be retained for a period of at least three years from date of submittal or longer if required by the Regional Water Board. Results of visual monitoring, field measurements and laboratory analyses must be kept in the SWPPP along with Chain of Custody forms (CoCs), and other documentation related to the monitoring. Records are to be kept onsite while construction is ongoing. Records to be retained include: · The date, place, and time of inspections, sampling, visual observations, and/or measurements, including precipitation; · The individual(s) who performed the inspections, sampling, visual observation, and/or field measurements; · The date and approximate time of field measurements and laboratory analyses; · The individual(s) who performed the analyses; · A summary of all analytical results, the method detection limits and reporting limits, and the analytical techniques or methods used; · Rain gauge readings from site inspections; · QA/QC records and results; · Non-storm water discharge inspections and visual observation and storm water discharge visual observation records. · Visual observation and sample collection exemption records; Del Webb Explore 8 08/01/2023 · The records of any corrective actions and follow-up activities that resulted from analytical results, visual observations, or inspections; · NAL Exceedance Reports if requested by the Regional Board. 1.8 NOTICE OF TERMINATION A Notice of Termination (NOT) must be submitted electronically by the LRP via SMARTS to terminate coverage under the General Permit. The NOT must include a final Site Map and representative photographs of the project site that demonstrate final stabilization has been achieved. The NOT shall be submitted within 90 days of completion of construction. The Regional Water Board will consider a construction site complete when the conditions of the General Permit, Section II.D have been met. 1.9 ANNUAL REPORT The General Permit requires that permittees prepare, certify, and electronically submit an Annual Report no later than September 1st of each year. Reporting requirements are identified in Section XVI of the General Permit. Annual reports will be filed in SMARTS and in accordance with information required by the on-line forms. 1.10 CHANGES TO PERMIT COVERAGE The General Permit allows for the reduction or increase of the total acreage covered under the General Permit. When a change occurs, the SWPPP should be modified appropriately and modified PRDs shall be filed electronically within 30 days of a reduction or increase in total disturbed area if a change in permit covered acreage is to be sought. Updated PRDs submitted electronically via SMARTS can be found in Appendix K. Del Webb Explore 9 08/01/2023 SECTION 2.0 SITE AND ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION 2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION 2.1.1 Site Location The Del Webb Explore project site comprises approximately 90 acres and is located at southwest corner of Portola Road and Gerald Ford Drive in Palm Desert, California. The project site is located approximately .75 miles southwest of Interstate 10 in the Palm Desert area. The project site is located approximately 30 miles northwest of the Salton Sea. The project is located at Latitude 33.77990; Longitude -116.37700 and is identified on the Site Map(s) in Appendix A. Directions from Interstate 10 in the Palm Desert area exit Monterey Avenue south to Gerald Ford Drive east. 2.1.2 Existing Conditions As of the initial date of this SWPPP, the project site is undeveloped land surrounded by Gerald Ford Drive to the north and residential developments to the south and east and a golf course to the west. The project site was previously undeveloped land. Historic sources of contamination include: there are no known historic sources of contamination at the site. 2.1.3 Existing Drainage The project site slopes to the north to northeast. The elevation of the project site ranges from 300 to 272 feet above mean sea level (msl). Surface drainage at the site currently flows to the north, towards Gerald Ford Drive. Stormwater is conveyed through storm drain system into designed basins.. Stormwater discharges, from the site, are considered direct discharges, as defined by the State Water Board. Stormwater will eventually drain into Whitewater River. Existing site topography, drainage patterns, and stormwater conveyance systems are shown in Appendix A The project discharges to Whitewater River Watershed, the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel and eventually into the Salton Sea, these receiving waters are not listed for water quality impairment on the most recent 303(d)-list. 2.1.4 Geology and Groundwater The site is currently vacant sand dune topography over Quaternary-aged Alluvium. Groundwater was not encountered with the subject property at borings performed by Petra Geosciences, Inc during their geotechnical investigation dated March 4, 2021 project reference No. J.N. 20-446. Groundwater occurs beneath the site at 150+ feet below ground surface. Annual average precipitation at the project site is 0 to 5 inches. 2.2 SEQUENCE OF PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 2.2.1 Project Description Project grading will occur on approximately 90 acres of the project, which comprises approximately 100 percent of the total area. The limits of grading are shown on the site map(s) in Appendix A. Grading will include both cut and fill with the total graded material estimated to be 855,840 cubic yards. Approximately 0 cubic yards of fill material will be imported during Del Webb Explore 10 08/01/2023 grading activities. Graded materials are expected to be hauled away. Soil will be stockpiled at various locations as phases of project are graded and developed. as shown on the site map(s) in Appendix A. Construction activities will be phased as shown on approved grading plans for Tract No. 38434 developed by MSA Consulting, Inc dated 6/28/2023. Project is projected to be residential lots for attached and detached single family residences with roadway and street improvements, retention basins, clubhouse and underground retention system. 2.2.2 Site Map The construction project’s Site Map(s) showing the project location, surface water boundaries, geographic features, construction site perimeter and general topography and other requirements are located in Appendix A. 2.2.3 Construction Schedule The site sediment risk was determined based on construction taking place between August 21, 2023 and August 20, 2031. Modification or extension of the schedule (start and end dates) may affect risk determination and permit requirements. The LRP shall contact the QSD if the schedule changes during construction to address potential impacts to the SWPPP. A detailed construction schedule is included in Appendix E. 2.2.4 Developed Condition Post-construction surface drainage will be directed to the north as surface flow through stormwater conveyance systems and sheet flow and will be stored and infiltrate in 14 designed retention storage basins A-L with a 1.28 safety factor of infiltration. Post-construction drainage patterns and/or conveyance systems are presented in Appendix A. Table 2.1 Construction Site Estimates Construction site area 90 Acres Percent impervious before construction 1 % Runoff coefficient before construction .1 Percent impervious after construction 60 % Runoff coefficient after construction .41 2.2.5 Stormwater Run-On from Off-site Areas There is no anticipated offsite run-on to this construction site because there are no up-gradient drainage areas. Del Webb Explore 11 08/01/2023 The General Permit requires that temporary BMPs be implemented to direct offsite run-on away from all disturbed areas through the use of runoff controls or shall collectively be in compliance with the effluent limitations in the General Permit. The following BMPs may be implemented: stabilized construction entrances, hydroseed with binder, hydromulch, bonded fiber matrix, fiber rolls, gravel bags, berms, or lined channel. These BMPs will be located as shown on erosion control plans. The off-site drainage areas and associated stormwater conveyance facilities or BMPs are shown in Appendix A. 2.3 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION SITE POLLUTANTS Appendix F includes a list of construction activities and associated materials that are anticipated to be used onsite. These activities and associated materials will or could potentially contribute pollutants, other than sediment, to stormwater runoff. The anticipated activities and associated pollutants were used in Section 3.0 to select the Best Management Practices for the project. Location of anticipated pollutants and associated BMPs are shown on the Site Map in Appendix A. For sampling requirements for non-visible pollutants associated with construction activity, refer to Section 4.4. Additional pollutants and/or more specific products may be onsite. Refer to the Safety Data Sheets (SDS), which shall be retained onsite, likely at the construction trailer. 2.3.1 Non-Stormwater Discharges Non-stormwater discharges consist of discharges which do not originate from precipitation events. The General Permit provides allowances for specified non-stormwater discharges that do not cause erosion or carry other pollutants. Non-stormwater discharges into storm drainage systems or waterways, which are not authorized under the General Permit or authorized under a separate NPDES permit, are prohibited. Non-stormwater discharges that may be authorized from this project site include de-chlorinated potable water sources such as : · Fire hydrant flushing · Irrigation of vegetative erosion control measures · Pipe flushing and testing · Water to control dust · Uncontaminated ground water from dewatering · Drinking fountain water · Atmospheric condensate from refrigeration, air conditioning, compressors, etc. · Irrigation drainage · Landscape watering · Springs · Foundation or footing drainage Del Webb Explore 12 08/01/2023 These authorized non-stormwater discharges will be managed with the stormwater and non- stormwater BMPs described in Section 3.0 and or shown in Appendix A of this SWPPP and will be minimized to the extent feasible. Activities at this site that may result in unauthorized non-stormwater discharges include: · Improper dumping · Spills · Wet utility line breaks · Leaks from tanks, containers, or equipment · Improper cleaning of vehicles, equipment, impervious surfaces, etc. · Improper use or application of construction or landscape related materials · Inadequate containment of pollutants · Flushing and disinfecting water · Contaminated water from dewatering operations Steps will be taken, including the implementation of appropriate BMPs, to ensure that unauthorized discharges are eliminated, controlled, disposed, or treated on-site. Discharges of construction materials and wastes, such as fuel or paint, resulting from dumping, spills, or direct contact with rainwater or stormwater runoff, are also prohibited. The following discharge(s) have been authorized by (a) regional NPDES permit(s): · NONE 2.4 FINDINGS OF THE CONSTRUCTION SITE SEDIMENT AND RECEIVING WATER RISK DETERMINATION A construction site risk assessment has been performed for the project and the resultant risk level is Risk Level 1. The risk level was determined through the use of the GIS Map Method. The risk level is based on project duration, location, proximity to impaired receiving waters and soil conditions. Risk Level determination documentation is included in Appendix K. Table 2.2 and Table 2.3 summarize the sediment and receiving water risk factors and document the sources of information used to derive the factors. Table 2.2 Summary of Sediment Risk RUSLE Factor Value Method for establishing value R 91.68 U.S. EPA, Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculator Del Webb Explore 13 08/01/2023 Table 2.2 Summary of Sediment Risk RUSLE Factor Value Method for establishing value K .1 GIS Map Method LS .62 GIS Map Method Total Predicted Sediment Loss (tons/acre) 5.68416 Overall Sediment Risk Low Sediment Risk < 15 tons/ acre Medium Sediment Risk >= 15 and < 75 tons/acre High Sediment Risk >= 75 tons/acre Low Medium High Runoff from the project site discharges into City storm drain system that discharge in the Whitewater River and eventually into the Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel. Table 2.3 Summary of Receiving Water Risk Receiving Water Name 303(d) Listed for Sediment Related Pollutant(1) TMDL for Sediment Related Pollutant(1) Beneficial Uses of COLD, SPAWN, and MIGRATORY(1) Whitewater River Yes No Yes No Yes No Overall Receiving Water Risk Low High (1) If yes is selected for any option the Receiving Water Risk is High This site is subject to the narrative effluent limitations specified in the General Permit. The narrative effluent limitations require stormwater discharges associated with construction activity to minimize or prevent pollutants in stormwater and authorized non-stormwater through the use of controls, structures, and best management practices. This SWPPP has been prepared to address Risk Level 1 requirements. Del Webb Explore 14 08/01/2023 SECTION 3.0 CONTROL MEASURES/MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 3.1 SCHEDULE FOR BMP IMPLEMENTATION BMPs must be implemented, modified, and maintained to reflect the phase of construction and the weather conditions. In order to be effective, some BMPs must be installed before the site is disturbed and others may require multiple applications or installations. The tables below illustrate the schedule for the installation of specific BMPs. BMPs shall be installed and maintained according to the Fact Sheets in Appendix G or effectively at a minimum. Del Webb Explore 15 08/01/2023 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION EC-1 Scheduling  * * * * EC-2 Preservation of Existing Vegetation  * * * * * EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch * * * * * EC-4 Hydroseeding * * * * * EC-5 Soil Binders * * * * EC-6 Straw Mulch * * * * * EC-7 Geotextiles & Mats * * * * * EC-8 Wood Mulching * * * * * EC-9 Earth Dikes & Drainage Swales * * * * * EC-10 Velocity Dissipation Devices * * * * * EC-11 Slope Drains EC-12 Streambank Stabilization EC-14 Compost Blankets * * * * EC-15 Soil Preparation/Roughening * * * EC-16 Non-Vegetative Stabilization * * * * Del Webb Explore 16 08/01/2023 SEDIMENT CONTROL BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION SE-1 Silt Fence * * * * SE-2 Sediment Basin * * * SE-3 Sediment Trap * * * * SE-4 Check Dam * * * * SE-5 Fiber Rolls * * * * SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm * * * * SE-7 Street Sweeping and Vacuuming * * * * SE-8 Sand Bag Barrier * * * SE-9 Straw Bale Barrier SE-10 Storm Drain Inlet Protection * * * * SE-11 Active Treatment Systems SE-12 Temporary Silt Dike SE-13 Compost Socks and Berms * * * SE-14 Biofilter Bags * * * Del Webb Explore 17 08/01/2023 WIND EROSION CONTROL BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION WE-1 Wind Erosion Control * * * * TRACKING CONTROL BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION TC-1 Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit * * * * * TC-2 Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-3 Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash Del Webb Explore 18 08/01/2023 NON-STORM WATER MANAGEMENT BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION NS-1 Water Conservation Practices * * * * * * NS-2 Dewatering Operations NS-3 Paving and Grinding Operations * * * * NS-4 Temporary Stream Crossing NS-5 Clear Water Diversion * * * * * NS-6 Illicit Connection/ Discharge NS-7 Potable Water/Irrigation * * * * * NS-8 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-9 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-10 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance * NS-11 Pile Driving Operations * NS-12 Concrete Curing * * * * * NS-13 Concrete Finishing * * * * * NS-14 Material and Equipment Use Over Water NS-15 Demolition Adjacent to Water NS-16 Temporary Batch Plants Del Webb Explore 19 08/01/2023 WASTE MANAGEMENT AND MATERIALS POLLUTION CONTROL BMPs BMP No. BMP PRIOR TO LAND DISTURBANCE GRADING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT STREETS AND UTILITIES VERTICAL CONSTRUCTION FINAL LANDSCAPING AND SITE STABILIZATION POST CONSTRUCTION WM-1 Material Delivery and Storage * * * * * * WM-2 Material Use * * * * * * WM-3 Stockpile Management * * * * WM-4 Spill Prevention and Control * * * * * WM-5 Solid Waste Management * * * * * * WM-6 Hazardous Waste Management * * * * * * WM-7 Contaminated Soil Management * * * WM-8 Concrete Waste Management * * * * WM-9 Sanitary/Septic Waste Management * * * * * WM-10 Liquid Waste Management * * * * * Notes: All BMPs shall be maintained, repaired or replaced as necessary during the phase in which they are to be used. Unless BMPs are used for multiple phases or post construction, BMP shall be removed and discarded properly following the intended phase. Del Webb Explore 20 08/01/2023 3.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL Erosion and sediment controls are required to provide effective reduction or elimination of sediment related pollutants in stormwater discharges and authorized non-stormwater discharges from the Site. Applicable BMPs are identified in this section for erosion control, sediment control, tracking control, and wind erosion control. 3.2.1 Erosion Control Erosion control, also referred to as soil stabilization, consists of source control measures that are designed to prevent soil particles from detaching and becoming transported in stormwater runoff. Erosion control BMPs protect the soil surface by covering and/or binding soil particles. This construction project will implement the following practices to provide effective temporary and/or final erosion control during construction: 1. Preserve existing vegetation where required and when feasible. 2. The area of soil disturbing operations shall be controlled such that the Contractor is able to implement erosion control BMPs quickly and effectively. 3. Stabilize inactive areas. Inactive is defined as areas of construction activity that have been disturbed and are not scheduled to be re-disturbed for at least 14 days. 4. Control erosion in concentrated flow paths by applying erosion control blankets, check dams, erosion control seeding or alternate methods. 5. Prior to the completion of construction, apply permanent erosion control to remaining disturbed soil areas. Sufficient erosion control materials should be maintained onsite to allow implementation in conformance with this SWPPP. The following temporary erosion control BMP selection table indicates the BMPs that could be implemented to control erosion on the construction site. Fact Sheets for temporary erosion control BMPs that describe the purpose, application, limitations, implementation, inspection, and maintenance are provided in Appendix G. Del Webb Explore 21 08/01/2023 Table 3.1 Temporary Erosion Control BMPs Fact Sheet BMP Name Notes EC-1 Scheduling EC-2 Preservation of Existing Vegetation EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseed EC-5 Soil Binders EC-6 Straw Mulch EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching EC-9 Earth Dike and Drainage Swales EC-10 Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-11 Slope Drains EC-12 Stream Bank Stabilization EC-14 Compost Blankets Alternative to Mulch EC-15 Soil Preparation-Roughening EC-16 Non-Vegetated Stabilization WE-1 Wind Erosion Control These temporary erosion control BMPs should be implemented as outlined in the BMP Fact Sheets provided in Appendix G or effectively at a minimum. The QSD shall be contacted in the event of a conflict between the SWPPP, the Site Map(s), Fact Sheets, or other documents. 3.2.2 Sediment Controls Sediment controls are temporary or permanent measures that are intended to complement the selected erosion control measures and reduce sediment discharges from active construction areas. Sediment controls are designed to intercept, filter and/or settle out soil particles that have been detached and transported by the force of water. The following sediment control BMP selection table indicates the BMPs that could be implemented to control sediment on the construction site. Fact Sheets for temporary sediment control BMPs that describe the purpose, application, limitations, implementation, inspection, and maintenance are provided in Appendix G. Del Webb Explore 22 08/01/2023 Table 3.2 Temporary Sediment Control BMPs Fact Sheet BMP Name Notes SE-1 Silt Fence SE-2 Sediment Basin SE-3 Sediment Trap SE-4 Check Dams SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-7 Street Sweeping SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-9 Straw Bale Barrier SE-10 Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-11 ATS Not used/Not Applicable SE-12 Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls Potential Alternative to Silt Fence or Fiber Roll SE-13 Compost Sock and Berm Alternative to Fiber Roll SE-14 Biofilter Bags Alternative to Gravel Bag TC-1 Stabilized Construction Entrance and Exit TC-2 Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-3 Entrance Outlet Tire Wash Only if required by Agency These temporary sediment control BMPs should be implemented in accordance with the BMP Fact Sheets provided in Appendix G or effectively at a minimum. The QSD shall be contacted in the event of a conflict between the SWPPP, the Site Map(s), Fact Sheets, or other documents. 3.2.3 Drainage Controls and Velocity Dissipation Devices The recommended drainage controls and velocity dissipation devices for this project are shown on Site Maps in Appendix A and described in Sections 3.1 and 3.2. 3.2.4 Wind Erosion Controls Wind Erosion Controls consists of applying water or other dust palliatives to prevent or minimize dust nuisance. A description of wind erosion control BMPs are included in Appendix G – BMP Fact Sheets. Wind erosion controls will be used throughout the project as indicted in Section 3.1. Del Webb Explore 23 08/01/2023 3.2.5 BMPs to Minimize Off-Site Tracking Tracking control consists of preventing or reducing the tracking of sediment off-site by vehicles leaving the construction area. The recommended tracking control BMPs for this project are shown on Site Maps in Appendix A and described in Sections 3.1, and 3.2. 3.2.6 Permanent Site Stabilization Permanent site stabilization BMPs will be used as described in Sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.4. 3.3 NON-STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Non-stormwater discharges into storm drainage systems or waterways, which are not authorized, are prohibited. Non-stormwater discharges for which a separate NPDES permit is required by the local Regional Water Board are prohibited unless coverage under the separate NPDES permit has been obtained for the discharge. The selection of non-stormwater BMPs is based on the list of construction activities with a potential for non-stormwater discharges identified in Appendix F of this SWPPP. The following non-stormwater control BMP selection table indicates the BMPs that could be implemented to control sediment on the construction site. Fact Sheets for temporary non- stormwater control BMPs that describe the purpose, application, limitations, implementation, inspection, and maintenance are provided in Appendix G. Del Webb Explore 24 08/01/2023 Table 3.3 Temporary Non-Stormwater BMPs Fact Sheet BMP Name Notes NS-1 Water Conservation Practices NS-2 Dewatering Operation NS-3 Paving and Grinding Operation NS-4 Temporary Stream Crossing Not Applicable NS-5 Clear Water Diversion NS-6 Illicit Connection/Discharge Not Applicable NS-7 Potable Water/Irrigation NS-8 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-9 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-10 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance NS-11 Pile Driving Operation Not Applicable NS-12 Concrete Curing NS-13 Concrete Finishing NS-14 Material and Equipment Use Over Water Not Applicable NS-15 Demolition Removal Adjacent to Water Not Applicable NS-16 Temporary Batch Plants Not Applicable Non-stormwater BMPs should be implemented in accordance with the BMP Fact Sheets provided in Appendix G or effectively at a minimum. The QSD shall be contacted in the event of a conflict between the SWPPP, the Site Map(s), Fact Sheets, or other documents. 3.3.1 Materials and Waste Management BMPs Materials management control practices consist of implementing procedural and structural BMPs for handling, storing and using construction materials to prevent the release of those materials into stormwater discharges. The amount and type of construction materials to be utilized at the Site will depend upon the type of construction and the length of the construction period. The materials may be used continuously, such as fuel for vehicles and equipment, or the materials may be used for a discrete period, such as soil binders for temporary stabilization. Waste management consists of implementing procedural and structural BMPs for handling, storing and ensuring proper disposal of wastes to prevent the release of those wastes into stormwater discharges. If applicable to the project site, waste management should be conducted in accordance with the Project’s Construction Waste Management Plan. Del Webb Explore 25 08/01/2023 Materials and waste management pollution control BMPs shall be implemented to minimize stormwater contact with construction materials, wastes and service areas; and to prevent materials and wastes from being discharged off-site. The primary mechanisms for stormwater contact that shall be addressed include: · Direct contact with precipitation · Contact with stormwater run-on and runoff · Wind dispersion of loose materials · Direct discharge to the storm drain system through spills or dumping · Extended contact with some materials and wastes, such as asphalt cold mix and treated wood products, which can leach pollutants into stormwater. The following Materials and Waste Management BMP selection table indicates the BMPs that could be implemented to handle materials and control construction site wastes associated with these construction activities. Fact Sheets for Materials and Waste Management BMPs that describe the purpose, application, limitations, implementation, inspection, and maintenance are provided in Appendix G. Table 3.4 Temporary Materials Management BMPs Fact Sheet BMP Name Notes WM-01 Material Delivery and Storage WM-02 Material Use WM-03 Stockpile Management WM-04 Spill Prevention and Control WM-05 Solid Waste Management WM-06 Hazardous Waste Management WM-07 Contaminated Soil Management WM-08 Concrete Waste Management WM-09 Sanitary-Septic Waste Management WM-10 Liquid Waste Management Material management BMPs should be implemented in accordance with the BMP Fact Sheets provided in Appendix G or effectively at a minimum. The QSD shall be contacted in the event of a conflict between the SWPPP, the Site Map(s), Fact Sheets, or other documents. Del Webb Explore 26 08/01/2023 3.3.2 Paint and Paint Waste Management Paint and paint waste management will be addressed as described in Section 3.3.1. 3.3.3 Sanitary Waste Management Sanitary waste management will be addressed as described in Section 3.3.1. 3.3.4 Spill Prevention and Response Prevention and control of spills minimizes or eliminates the discharge of hazardous and non- hazardous materials to the storm drain system and/or receiving waters. All materials storage and handling should be located away from natural water courses and storm drains, and should be stored in areas not susceptible to rain if possible. Employees, contractors and subcontractors shall use good housekeeping practices at all times and implement other containment controls as a secondary line of defense. Personnel handling any hazardous materials shall be knowledgeable about such materials and shall take proper steps in notifying Cal EMA and/or local agencies if a spill occurs. In the event of a spill, reference the Spill Prevention and Control Fact Sheet - WM-4, located in Appendix G. Contacts Local Police or Sheriff Department (760) 836-1600 Local Fire Department (760) 321-9399 Local Environmental Health/Mgmnt. (760) 863-8287 California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) (800) 852-7550 For federally reportable quantities, also notify: National Response Center (NRC) (800) 424-8802. Document all steps taken and submit a written report to notified agencies. 3.3.5 Concrete Materials and Concrete Waste Management Concrete materials and concrete waste management will be addressed as described in Section 3.3. 3.3.6 Paving Operations Management Paving operations management will be addressed as described in Section 3.3. 3.3.7 Management of Landscape Products Management of landscape products will be addressed as described in Sections 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. 3.3.8 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning Del Webb Explore 27 08/01/2023 Vehicle and equipment cleaning will be addressed as described in Section 3.3. 3.3.9 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling, Maintenance, and Storage Vehicle and equipment fueling, maintenance, and storage will be addressed as described in Section 3.3. 3.3.10 Dewatering and Ponded Water Management Dewatering and ponded water management will be addressed as described in Section 3.3. 3.4 POST - CONSTRUCTION STORM WATER MANAGEMENT MEASURES Post construction BMPs are permanent measures installed during construction, designed to reduce or eliminate pollutant discharges from the site after construction is complete. This site is located in an area subject to a Phase I or Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit approved Stormwater Management Plan. Post construction runoff reduction requirements have been satisfied through the MS4 program, this project is exempt from provision XIII A of the General Permit. The following source control post construction BMPs to comply with General Permit and local requirements have been identified for the site: · EC-4, Hydroseeding · EC-7, Geotextiles and Mats · EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swale(s) · EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Device(s) · EC-11, Slope Drain(s) · EC-14, Compost Blankets · SE-2, Sediment Basin · SE-4, Check Dam · Landscaping A plan for the post construction funding and maintenance of these BMPs has been developed to address at minimum five years following construction. The post construction BMPs that are described above shall be funded and maintained by the HOA. If required, post construction maintenance plan will be submitted with the NOT. Post construction requirement documentation is provided in Appendix K. 3.5 COMPLIANCE WITH STATE AND LOCAL PLANS This SWPPP complies with the following state and local plans and requirements. State Water Resources Control Board (2009). Order 2009-0009-DWQ, NPDES General Permit No. CAS000002: National Pollutant Discharges Elimination System (NPDES) California General Permit for Storm Water Discharge Associated with Construction and Land Disturbing Del Webb Explore 28 08/01/2023 Activities and amended by Order 2010-0014-DWQ, and Order 2012-0014-DWQ. Available on- line at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/construction.shtml. The State Water Resources Control Board, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, Quality Assurance Program Plan, Version 1.0 dated September 1, 2008. CASQA 2015, Stormwater BMP Handbook Portal: Construction, November 2015, www.casqa.org All applicable Local, State, and Federal requirements are included by reference. Regional Water Board requirements Municipal Permit Requirements Basin Plan requirements Contract Documents Air Quality Regulations and Permits Federal Endangered Species Act National Historic Preservation Act/Requirements of the State Historic Preservation Office State of California Endangered Species Act Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certifications and 404 Permits CA Project Plans and Specifications No. TTM 38434 dated June 28, 2023, prepared by MSA Consulting, Inc. Preliminary WQMP No. TTM 38434 dated June 07, 2023, prepared by MSA Consulting, Inc. Geotechnical Investigation dated March 4, 2021, prepared by Petra Geosciences, Inc. Del Webb Explore 29 08/01/2023 SECTION 4.0 MAINTENANCE , REPAIR, AND INSPECTION 4.1 MAINTENANCE BMPs shall be maintained regularly to ensure proper and effective functionality. Corrective actions shall begin implementation within 72 hours of identified deficiencies and associated amendments to the SWPPP shall be prepared by a QSD. Details for maintenance, inspection, and repair of Construction Site BMPs can be found in the BMP Factsheets in Appendix G. 4.2 STORM MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR The General Permit requires inspections before, during, and after qualifying rain events. If, while performing an inspection during an event or post event, BMPs are determined to have failed, or are in need of repair, site personnel will be directed to take appropriate action. 4.3 INSPECTIONS The General Permit requires routine weekly inspections of BMPs, along with inspections before, during, and after qualifying rain events. A BMP inspection checklist must be filled out for inspections and maintained on-site with the SWPPP. A blank inspection checklist can be found in Appendix B. Completed checklists shall be kept in Appendix J (under a separate tab) or in an accompanying binder. 4.3.1 Rain Event Action Plans Rain Event Action Plan (REAPs) are not required for Risk Level 1 projects. 4.4 CONSTRUCTION SITE MONITORING PROGRAM 4.4.1 Purpose This Construction Site Monitoring Program was developed to address the following objectives: 1. To demonstrate that the site is in compliance with the Discharge Prohibitions of the Construction General Permit; 2. To determine whether non-visible pollutants are present at the construction site and are causing or contributing to exceedances of water quality objectives; 3. To determine whether immediate corrective actions, additional Best Management Practices (BMP) implementation, or SWPPP revisions are necessary to reduce pollutants in stormwater discharges and authorized non-stormwater discharges; 4. To determine whether BMPs included in the SWPPP are effective in preventing or reducing pollutants in stormwater discharges and authorized non-stormwater discharges. 4.4.2 Weather and Rain Event Tracking Visual monitoring and inspections requirements of the General Permit are triggered by a qualifying rain event. The General Permit defines a qualifying rain event as any event that Del Webb Explore 30 08/01/2023 produces ½ inch of precipitation. A minimum of 48 hours of dry weather will be used to distinguish between separate qualifying storm events. For the purposes of assessing exceptions to the Risk Level 3 Receiving Water Monitoring Triggers, the General Permit establishes the compliance storm event at the 5-year, 24-hour event. This project is a Risk 1 therefore this information is provided for reference only. Based on NOAA Atlas 14 Point Precipitation Frequency Estimates, the 5-year, 24-hour event for this project is 1.89 inches. 4.4.2.1 Weather Tracking The QSP should consult the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for the weather forecasts. These forecasts can be obtained at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/. 4.4.2.2 Rain Gauges The QSP should install a rain gauge on the project site. Locate the gauge in an open area away from obstructions such as trees, tall grass, or overhangs. Ensure that the top of the gauge is level and the gauge is not in an area where rainwater can indirectly splash from sheds, equipment, trailers, etc. The rain gauge should be read daily during normal site scheduled hours. The rain gauge should be read at approximately the same time every day, if possible, and the date and time of each reading recorded on the applicable monitoring form(s). Follow the rain gauge instructions to obtain accurate measurements. Once the rain gauge reading has been recorded, accumulated rain shall be emptied, and the gauge reset. For comparison with the site rain gauge information from the nearest appropriate governmental rain gauge(s) should be obtained. 4.4.3 Monitoring Locations Monitoring locations are shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A and/or described later in this section. Whenever changes in the construction site might affect the appropriateness of sampling locations, the sampling locations shall be revised accordingly. All such revisions shall be implemented and SWPPP amended as soon as feasible. Though temporary changes that result in a one-time additional sampling location do not require a SWPPP amendment, the location shall be noted on the site map. 4.4.4 Safety and Monitoring Exemptions Safety practices for sample collection will be in accordance with the Contractor’s Health and Safely Plan for the project. A summary of the safety concerns that apply to sampling personnel are provided below. · Traffic · Manhole lid removal · Active construction equipment · Open trenches Del Webb Explore 31 08/01/2023 · Trip and fall hazards · Hazardous materials and wastes · Wet or muddy surfaces · Wild animals, domestic dogs, snakes, bees, ticks, etc. This project is not required to collect samples or conduct visual observations (inspections) under the following conditions: · During dangerous weather conditions such as flooding and electrical storms. · Outside of scheduled site business hours. If monitoring of the site is unsafe because of the dangerous conditions noted above, the QSP shall document the conditions for why an exception to performing the monitoring was necessary. The exemption documentation shall be filed in Appendix J. 4.4.5 Visual Monitoring Visual monitoring includes observations and inspections. Inspections of BMPs are required to identify and record BMPs that need maintenance to operate effectively, that have failed, or that could fail to operate as intended. Visual observations of the site are required to observe storm water drainage areas to identify any spills, leaks, or uncontrolled pollutant sources. Table 7.1 identifies the required frequency of visual observations and inspections. Table 4.1 Summary of Visual Monitoring and Inspections Type of Inspection Frequency Routine Inspections BMP Inspections Weekly BMP Inspections – Tracking Control Daily (as needed) Non-Stormwater Discharge Observations Quarterly during daylight hours Rain Event Triggered Inspections Site Inspections Prior to a Qualifying Event Within 48 hours of a qualifying event BMP Inspections During an Extended Storm Event Every 24-hour period of a rain event Site Inspections Following a Qualifying Event Within 48 hours of a qualifying event 4.4.5.1 Routine Observations and Inspections Routine site inspections and visual monitoring are necessary to ensure that the project is in compliance with the requirements of the General Permit. Routine BMP Inspections Inspections of BMPs are conducted to identify and/or record: · BMPs that are properly installed; Del Webb Explore 32 08/01/2023 · BMPs that need maintenance to operate effectively; · BMPs that have failed; or · BMPs that could fail to operate as intended. Non-Stormwater Discharge Observations Each drainage area will be inspected for the presence of or indications of prior or current unauthorized and authorized non-stormwater discharges. Inspections will record: · Presence or evidence of any non-stormwater discharge (authorized or unauthorized); · Pollutant characteristics (floating and suspended material, sheen, discoloration, turbidity, odor, etc.); and · Source of discharge. 4.4.5.2 Rain-Event Triggered Observations and Inspections Visual Observations Prior to a Forecasted Qualifying Rain Event Within two business days (48-hours) prior to a qualifying rain event a stormwater visual monitoring site inspection will include observations of the following: · Stormwater drainage areas to identify any spills, leaks, or uncontrolled pollutant sources; · BMPs to identify if they have been properly implemented per the SWPPP/REAP; · Any stormwater storage and containment areas to detect leaks and ensure maintenance of adequate freeboard. BMP Inspections During an Extended Storm Event During an extended rain event BMP inspections will be conducted to identify and/or record: · BMPs that are properly installed; · BMPs that need maintenance to operate effectively; · BMPs that have failed; or · BMPs that could fail to operate as intended. If the construction site is not accessible during the rain event, list the results of visual inspections at all relevant outfalls, discharge points, downstream locations, and any projected maintenance activities. Visual Observations Following a Qualifying Rain Event Within two business days (48 hours) following a qualifying rain event (0.5 inches of rain) a stormwater visual monitoring site inspection is required to observe: · Stormwater drainage areas to identify any spills, leaks, or uncontrolled pollutant sources; · BMPs to identify if they have been properly designed, implemented, and effective; · Need for additional BMPs and contact QSD if the SWPPP needs to be revised; · Any stormwater storage and containment areas to detect leaks and ensure maintenance of adequate freeboard; and · Discharge of stored or contained rainwater. Del Webb Explore 33 08/01/2023 4.4.5.3 Visual Monitoring Procedures Visual monitoring shall be conducted by the QSP or delegated personnel, trained to do the task(s) appropriately. The QSP shall ensure adequate deployment. The name(s) and contact number(s) of the site visual monitoring personnel are listed below and their training qualifications are provided in Appendix L. Assigned inspector: TBD Contact phone: Alternate inspector: Contact phone: Stormwater observations and BMP inspections shall be documented on the Inspection Form/Checklist provided in Appendix B. Any photographs used to document observations will be referenced on the inspection report and maintained with the Completed Forms in Appendix J. 4.4.5.4 Visual Monitoring Follow-Up and Reporting If failures or shortcomings are identified by the QSP or QSP’s delegated individual, repairs or design changes to BMPs shall begin within 72 hours of identification and be completed as soon as possible. When design changes to BMPs are required, the QSD shall be notified and the SWPPP shall be amended to reflect the changes. Deficiencies identified during site inspections along with corrective actions will be tracked on the Inspection Form and BMP Checklist or Exceedance Evaluation Form (included in Appendix B) and completed forms shall be kept in Appendix J. It is the Contractor’s responsibility to initial and date the “date addressed” column provided in the Corrective Action Table on the Inspection Form and BMP Checklist. 4.4.5.5 Visual Monitoring Locations The inspections and observations will be conducted at the locations identified in this section. BMP locations, drainage area(s), discharge location(s), and stormwater storage or containment area(s) shown on the Site Maps in SWPPP Appendix A. There are 1 drainage area(s) on the project site along with the contractor’s yard, staging areas. There are 14 stormwater storage or containment area(s) are on the project site. There are 0 discharge location(s) on the project site. 4.4.6 Water Quality Sampling and Analysis 4.4.6.1 Sampling and Analysis Plan for Non-Visible Pollutants in Stormwater Runoff Discharges Sampling for non-visible pollutants will be conducted when (1) a breach, leakage, malfunction, or spill is observed; and (2) the leak or spill has not been cleaned up prior to the rain event; and (3) there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or drainage system. The construction materials, wastes, or activities, as identified in Appendix F, are potential sources of non-visible pollutants to stormwater discharges from the project. Storage, use, and Del Webb Explore 34 08/01/2023 operational locations are shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A or can be assumed given the nature of the project. The following soil amendments have the potential to change the chemical properties, engineering properties, or erosion resistance of the soil and will be used on the project site. Locations of soil amendment application are shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A. · NONE The project has the potential to receive stormwater run-on from the following locations with the potential to contribute non-visible pollutants to stormwater discharges from the project. Locations of such run-on to the project site are shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A. · NONE Sampling Schedule If necessary, samples for potential non-visible pollutant(s) and an unaffected background sample shall be collected during the first two hours of discharge from rain events which generate runoff. Samples shall be collected during the site’s scheduled hours and shall be collected regardless of the time of year and phase of the construction. Collection of discharge samples for non-visible pollutant monitoring will be triggered when any of the following conditions are observed during site inspections conducted prior to or during a rain event. · Materials or wastes containing potential non-visible pollutants are not stored under watertight conditions. Watertight conditions are defined as (1) storage in a watertight container, (2) storage under a watertight roof or within a building, or (3) protected by temporary cover and containment that prevents stormwater contact and runoff from the storage area. · Materials or wastes containing potential non-visible pollutants are stored under watertight conditions, but (1) a breach, malfunction, leakage, or spill is observed, (2) the leak or spill is not cleaned up prior to the rain event, and (3) there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or a storm drain system. · A construction activity, including but not limited to those in Appendix F, with the potential to contribute non-visible pollutants (1) was occurring during or within 24 hours prior to the rain event, (2) BMPs were observed to be breached, malfunctioning, or improperly implemented, and (3) there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or a storm drain system. Del Webb Explore 35 08/01/2023 · Soil amendments that have the potential to change the chemical properties, engineering properties, or erosion resistance of the soil have been applied, and there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or a storm drain system. · Stormwater runoff from an area contaminated by historical usage of the site has been observed to combine with stormwater runoff from the site, and there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or a storm drain system. Sampling Locations Non-visible pollutant sampling locations will be determined in the field at the time of sampling. The sample with potential non-visible pollutants shall be taken at the location of discharge, at the project boundary, or closest accessible point. The background sample should be taken upstream of all site related potential pollution impacts or where run-on enters the site. Non-visible pollutant sampling locations shall be added to the Site Map(s) in Appendix A when/if non-visible pollutant sampling is required. Non-visible pollutant sampling locations should be identified by the QSP on the pre-rain event inspection form prior to a forecasted qualifying rain event. Monitoring Preparation If required, non-visible pollutant samples will be collected by Contractor, Consultant, the QSP. Name/Telephone Number: Reign Source, Erika Horn Alternate(s)/Telephone Number: 619-339-4107 An adequate stock of monitoring supplies and equipment for monitoring non-visible pollutants will be available on the project site or available by phone call prior to a sampling event. Monitoring supplies and equipment should be stored in a cool temperature environment that should not come into contact with rain or direct sunlight. Sampling personnel will be available to collect samples in accordance with the sampling schedule. Supplies maintained at the project site or available by phone call may include, but are not limited to, clean powder-free nitrile gloves, sample collection equipment, sample analysis equipment, coolers, appropriate number and volume of sample bottles, identification labels, re-sealable storage bags, paper towels, personal rain gear, ice, and Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheets and Chain of Custody (CoC) forms, which are provided in Appendix B. The QSP or his/her designee should contact laboratory 24 hours prior to a predicted rain event or for an unpredicted event, as soon as a rain event begins if one of the triggering conditions is identified during an inspection to ensure that adequate sample collection personnel and supplies for monitoring non-visible pollutants are available and will be mobilized to collect samples on the project site in accordance with the sampling schedule. Analytical Constituents Appendix F lists the specific sources and types of potential non-visible pollutants on the project site and the water quality indicator constituent(s) for that pollutant. Del Webb Explore 36 08/01/2023 Sample Collection Samples of discharge shall be collected at the designated non-visible pollutant sampling locations shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A or in the locations determined by observed breaches, malfunctions, leakages, spills, operational areas, soil amendment application areas, and historical site usage areas that triggered the sampling event. Grab samples shall be collected and preserved in accordance with the methods provided by the designated laboratory. Only personnel trained in water quality sampling shall collect samples. Sample Analysis Non-visible pollutant samples shall be analyzed using the analytical methods provided by the laboratory for the specific potential pollutant. Non-visible pollutant samples will be delivered to the laboratory by Owner Representative, Consultant, or Lab. Sample Lab Contact is: TBD Data Evaluation and Reporting The QSP shall complete an evaluation of the water quality sample analytical results. Runoff/downgradient results shall be compared with the associated upgradient/unaffected results and any associated run-on results. Should the runoff/downgradient sample show an increased level of the tested analyte relative to the unaffected background sample, which cannot be explained by run-on results, the BMPs, site conditions, and surrounding influences shall be assessed to determine the probable cause for the increase. As determined by the site and data evaluation, appropriate BMPs shall be repaired or modified to mitigate discharges of non-visible pollutant concentrations. QSD shall be notified regarding any revisions to the BMPs should be recorded as an amendment to the SWPPP. The General Permit prohibits storm water discharges that contain hazardous substances equal to or in excess of reportable quantities established in 40 C.F.R. §§ 117.3 and 302.4. The results of any non-stormwater discharge results that indicate the presence of a hazardous substance in excess of established reportable quantities shall be immediately reported to the appropriate agencies as required by 40 C.F.R. §§ 117.3 and 302.4. Results of non-visible pollutant monitoring shall be reported in the Annual Report. 4.4.6.2 Sampling and Analysis Plan for pH and Turbidity in Stormwater Runoff Discharges Sampling and analysis of runoff for pH and turbidity is not required for Risk Level 1 projects. · Del Webb Explore 37 08/01/2023 4.4.6.3 Sampling and Analysis Plan for pH, Turbidity, and SSC in Receiving Water This project is not subject to Receiving Water Monitoring. 4.4.6.4 Sampling and Analysis Plan for Non-Visible Pollutants Sampling for non-visible pollutants will be conducted when a breach, leakage, malfunction, or spill is observed; and the leak or spill has not been cleaned up prior to the rain event; and there is the potential for discharge of non-visible pollutants to surface waters or drainage system. 4.4.6.5 Sampling and Analysis Plan for Other Pollutants Required by the Regional Water Board The Regional Water Board has not specified monitoring for additional pollutants. Stored or collected water from a qualifying storm event will be sampled when discharged. Stored or collected water from a qualifying event may be sampled at the point it is release from the storage or containment area or at the site discharge location. Sampling Locations Sampling locations are based on the site discharge locations; accessibility for sampling; and personnel safety. Planned sample locations are shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A and include the locations identified below. 1 sampling location(s) on the project site and the contractor’s yard have been identified for the collection of runoff samples. Table 4.2 Runoff Sample Locations for Other Pollutants Required by the Regional Water Board Sample Location Number Sample Location Sample Location Latitude and Longitude (Decimal Degrees) N/A Monitoring Preparation Other pollutant samples required by the Regional Water Board will be collected by consultant. Samples on the project site will be collected by the following sampling personnel: Name/Telephone Number: TBD Alternate(s)/Telephone Number: An adequate stock of monitoring supplies and equipment for monitoring pollutants will be available on the project site or available by telephone call prior to a sampling event. Monitoring supplies and equipment should be stored in a cool temperature environment that will not come into contact with rain or direct sunlight. Sampling personnel will be available to collect samples Del Webb Explore 38 08/01/2023 in accordance with the sampling schedule. Supplies maintained at the project site or available by telephone call may include, but are not limited to, field meters, and backup; extra batteries; clean powder-free nitrile gloves, sample collection equipment, appropriate sample containers, paper towels, personal rain gear, and Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheets and CoC forms provided in Appendix B. Sampling personnel will obtain and maintain the field testing instruments for analyzing samples in the field. The QSP or his/her designee should contact laboratory 24 hours prior to a predicted rain event or for an unpredicted event, as soon as a rain event begins to ensure that adequate sample collection personnel, supplies for monitoring pollutants are available and will be mobilized to collect samples on the project site in accordance with the sampling schedule. Sample Collection Runoff samples of discharge shall be collected at the designated sampling locations shown on the Site Maps in Appendix A or as described by the Regional Water Board. Grab samples shall be collected and preserved in accordance with the methods identified by the laboratory or Regional Water Board. Only personnel trained in water quality sampling under the direction of the QSP shall collect samples. Sample collection and handling requirements are described in later in this section. Sample Analysis Samples shall be analyzed using the analytical methods identified in by the Regional Water Board, the laboratory, or as identified in Appendix F. Data Evaluation and Reporting If required; as directed by the Regional Water Board. 4.4.6.6 Training of Sampling Personnel Sampling personnel shall be trained to collect, maintain, and ship samples in accordance with the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring program (SWAMP) 2008 Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPrP). 4.4.6.7 Sample Collection and Handling Sample Collection Samples shall be collected at the designated sampling locations shown on the Site Maps and listed in the preceding sections. Samples shall be collected, maintained and shipped in accordance with the SWAMP 2008 Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPrP). Grab samples shall be collected and preserved in accordance with the methods identified in preceding sections. To maintain sample integrity and prevent cross-contamination, sample collection personnel should follow the protocols below when necessary. Del Webb Explore 39 08/01/2023 · Collect samples (for laboratory analysis) only in analytical laboratory-provided sample containers; · Wear clean, powder-free nitrile gloves when collecting samples; · Change gloves whenever something not known to be clean has been touched; · Change gloves between sites; · Decontaminate all equipment (e.g. bucket, tubing) prior to sample collection using a trisodium phosphate water wash, distilled water rinse, and final rinse with distilled water. (Dispose of wash and rinse water appropriately, i.e., do not discharge to storm drain or receiving water). Do not decontaminate laboratory provided sample containers; · Do not smoke during sampling events; · Never sample near a running vehicle; · Do not park vehicles in the immediate sample collection area (even non-running vehicles); · Do not eat or drink during sample collection; and · Do not breathe, sneeze, or cough in the direction of an open sample container. Sampler should collect a sample that represents the entire runoff stream. Typically, samples are collected by dipping the collection container in the runoff flow paths and streams as noted below. i. For small streams and flow paths, simply dip the bottle facing upstream until full. ii. For larger stream that can be safely accessed, collect a sample in the middle of the flow stream by directly dipping the mouth of the bottle. Once again making sure that the opening of the bottle is facing upstream as to avoid any contamination by the sampler. iii. For larger streams that cannot be safely waded, pole-samplers may be needed to safely access the representative flow. iv. Avoid collecting samples from ponded, sluggish or stagnant water. v. Avoid collecting samples directly downstream from a bridge as the samples can be affected by the bridge structure or runoff from the road surface. Note, that depending upon the specific analytical test, some containers may contain preservatives. These containers should not be dipped into the stream, but filled indirectly from the collection container. SSC samples should be taken as a normal grab sample, where the bottle is submerged facing upstream and filled. SSC samples need to be collected in a separate bottle because the analysis requires the entire volume of the bottle. Do not collect in a larger container and partition into the laboratory sample container. Sample Handling Turbidity and pH measurements must be conducted immediately. Do not store pH samples for later measurement. Laboratory turbidity tests are optional if necessary, contact the laboratory. Samples for laboratory analysis should be handled as follows. Immediately following sample collection: · Cap sample containers; · Complete sample container labels; Del Webb Explore 40 08/01/2023 · Seal containers in a re-sealable storage bag; · Place sample containers into an ice-chilled cooler; · Document sample information on the Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheet; and · Complete the CoC. Samples for laboratory analysis must be maintained between 0-6 degrees Celsius during delivery to the laboratory. Samples must be kept on ice, or refrigerated, from sample collection through delivery to the laboratory. Place samples to be shipped inside coolers with ice. Make sure the sample bottles are well packaged to prevent breakage and secure cooler lids with packaging tape. Ship samples that will be laboratory analyzed to the analytical laboratory right away. Hold times are measured from the time the sample is collected to the time the sample is analyzed. The General Permit requires that samples be received by the analytical laboratory within 48 hours of the physical sampling (unless required sooner by the analytical laboratory). Laboratory Name: TBD Address: City, State Zip: Telephone Number: Point of Contact: Sample Documentation Procedures Data documented on sample bottle identification labels, Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheet, and CoCs should be recorded using waterproof ink. These shall be considered accountable documents. If an error is made on an accountable document, the individual should make corrections by lining through the error and entering the correct information. The erroneous information should not be obliterated. Corrections should be initialed and dated. Duplicate samples shall be identified consistent with the numbering system for other samples to prevent the laboratory from identifying duplicate samples. Duplicate samples shall be identified in the Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheet. Sample documentation procedures include the following: Sample Bottle Identification Labels: Sampling personnel should attach an identification label to each sample bottle. Sample identification shall uniquely identify each sample location. Field Log Sheets: Sampling personnel shall complete the Effluent Sampling Field Log Sheet and Receiving Water Sampling Field Log Sheet for each sampling event, as appropriate. Chain of Custody: Sampling personnel shall complete the CoC for each sampling event for which samples are collected for laboratory analysis. The sampler will sign the CoC when the sample(s) is turned over to the testing laboratory or courier. 4.4.7 Active Treatment System Monitoring This project does not require a project specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for an ATS because deployment of an ATS is not planned. Del Webb Explore 41 08/01/2023 4.4.8 Bioassessment Monitoring This project is not subject to bioassessment monitoring because it is not a Risk Level 3 project. 4.4.9 Watershed Monitoring Option This project is not participating in a watershed monitoring option. 4.4.10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control An effective Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) plan shall be implemented as part of the CSMP to ensure that analytical data can be used with confidence. QA/QC procedures to be initiated include the following: · Field logs; · Clean sampling techniques; · CoCs; · QA/QC Samples; and · Data verification. Each of these procedures is discussed in more detail in the following sections. Actions to assure data quality include: Affect · Influence the outcome · Calibrate instruments · Use consistent procedures · Decontaminate sampling equipment and containers · Seal and wrap samples to be sent to a laboratory · Chill laboratory samples · Ensure training, continued education, and supervision Check · Test or verify · Repeat measurements · Collect and analyze blanks · Review work products Record · Document measurements, date, name, and outcome Report · Communicate the outcome 4.4.10.1 Field Logs The purpose of field logs is to record sampling information and field observations during monitoring that may explain any uncharacteristic analytical results. Sampling information to be included in the field log include the date and time of water quality sample collection, sampling Del Webb Explore 42 08/01/2023 personnel, sample container identification numbers, and types of samples that were collected. Field observations should be noted in the field log for any abnormalities at the sampling location (color, odor, BMPs, etc.). Field measurements for pH and turbidity should also be recorded in the field log. A Visual Inspection Field Log is included in Appendix B. 4.4.10.2 Clean Sampling Techniques Clean sampling techniques involve the use of certified clean containers for sample collection and clean powder-free nitrile gloves during sample collection and handling. A clean sampling approach will minimize the chance of field contamination and questionable data results. 4.4.10.3 Chain of Custody The sample CoC is an important documentation step that tracks samples from collection through analysis to ensure the validity of the sample. Analytical laboratories usually provide CoC forms to be filled out for sample containers. An example CoC is included in Appendix B. 4.4.10.4 QA/QC Samples QA/QC samples provide an indication of the accuracy and precision of the sample collection; sample handling; field measurements; and analytical laboratory methods. Field Duplicates are required at a frequency of 5 percent (1 of 20) or 1 duplicate minimum per sampling event. Equipment Blanks are required if one of the situations listed in the Equipment Blanks section below occurs. Field Blanks are required at a frequency as required by the laboratory for the test method as required. Travel Blanks at a frequency of determined by that lab are required for sampling plans that include VOC laboratory analysis. Field Duplicates Field duplicates provide verification of laboratory or field analysis and sample collection. Duplicate samples shall be collected, handled, and analyzed using the same protocols as primary samples. The sample location where field duplicates are collected shall be randomly selected from the discharge locations. Duplicate samples shall be collected immediately after the primary sample has been collected. Duplicate samples must be collected in the same manner and as close in time as possible to the original sample. Duplicate samples shall not influence any evaluations or conclusion. Equipment Blanks Equipment blanks provide verification that equipment has not introduced a pollutant into the sample. Equipment blanks are typically collected when: · New equipment is used; · Equipment that has been cleaned after use at a contaminated site; · Equipment that is not dedicated for surface water sampling is used; or · Whenever a new lot of filters is used when sampling metals. Field Blanks Field blanks assess potential sample contamination levels that occur during field sampling activities. De-ionized water field blanks are taken to the field, transferred to the appropriate Del Webb Explore 43 08/01/2023 container, and treated the same as the corresponding sample type during the course of a sampling event. Travel Blanks Travel blanks assess the potential for cross-contamination of volatile constituents between sample containers during shipment from the field to the laboratory. De-ionized water blanks are taken along for the trip and held unopened in the same cooler with the VOC samples. 4.4.10.5 Data Verification After results are received from the analytical laboratory, the QSP shall verify the data to ensure that it is complete, accurate, and the appropriate QA/QC requirements were met. Data must be verified as soon as the data reports are received. Data verification shall include: · Check the CoC and laboratory reports. Make sure all requested analyses were performed and all samples are accounted for in the reports. · Check laboratory reports to make sure hold times were met and that the reporting levels meet or are lower than the reporting levels agreed to in the contract. · Check data for outlier values and follow up with the laboratory. Occasionally typographical errors, unit reporting errors, or incomplete results are reported and should be easily detected. These errors need to be identified, clarified, and corrected quickly by the laboratory. The QSP should especially note data that is an order of magnitude or more different than similar locations, or is inconsistent with previous data from the same location. · Check laboratory QA/QC results. EPA establishes QA/QC checks and acceptable criteria for laboratory analyses. These data are typically reported along with the sample results. The QSP shall evaluate the reported QA/QC data to check for contamination (method, field, and equipment blanks), precision (laboratory matrix spike duplicates), and accuracy (matrix spikes and laboratory control samples). When QA/QC checks are outside acceptable ranges, the laboratory must flag the data, and usually provides an explanation of the potential impact to the sample results. · Check the data set for outlier values and, accordingly, confirm results and re-analyze samples where appropriate. Sample re-analysis should only be undertaken when it appears that some part of the QA/QC resulted in a value out of the accepted range. Sample results may not be discounted unless the analytical laboratory identifies the required QA/QC criteria were not met and confirms this in writing. Field data including inspections and observations must be verified as soon as the field logs are received; typically, at the end of the sampling event. Field data verification shall include: · Check field logs to make sure all required measurements were completed and appropriately documented; · Check reported values that appear out of the typical range or inconsistent; Follow-up immediately to identify potential reporting or equipment problems, if appropriate, recalibrate equipment after sampling; Del Webb Explore 44 08/01/2023 · Verify equipment calibrations; · Review observations noted on the field logs; and · Review notations of any errors and actions taken to correct the equipment or recording errors. Del Webb Explore 45 08/01/2023 SECTION 5.0 TRAINING All persons responsible for implementing requirements of the General Permit shall be appropriately trained. Training should be both formal and informal, occur on an ongoing basis, and should include training offered by recognized governmental agencies or professional organizations. To promote stormwater management awareness specific for this project, periodic training of job-site personnel should be included as part of routine project meetings (e.g. daily/weekly tailgate safety meetings), or task specific trainings as needed. The QSP and Contractor can provide this information at the meetings, and subsequently complete a training log as provided in Appendix B. The QSP may delegate any or all activities to personnel trained to do the task(s) appropriately but shall ensure adequate performance. Documentation of training activities (formal and informal) shall be retained in SWPPP Appendices J and L. Del Webb Explore 46 08/01/2023 SECTION 6.0 TRADE CONTRACTOR COMPLIANCE 6.1 CONTRACTOR AND SUBCONTRACTORS The SWPPP is required to list all contractors, subcontractors, and individuals who will be directed by the Qualified SWPPP Practitioner. The list shall include telephone numbers, work addresses, areas of responsibility, and emergency contact numbers. The Contractor and Subcontractor list is included in Appendix I and shall be updated as contractors, subcontractors and individuals change. Pursuant to their individual contracts with Pulte Homes Inc., contractors at the project site are responsible for compliance with the General Construction Permit, this SWPPP, and all other water quality rules and regulations applicable to their activities. Specifically, all contractors must abide by the SWPPP and must implement and maintain the BMPs relevant to their activities as directed by Pulte Homes, Inc., the QSD, the QSP, and or other authorized Pulte Homes, Inc. representatives. 6.2 COMPLIANCE ORIENTATION Each contractor will have access to copies of applicable sections of the SWPPP or equivalent document prior to commencement of construction. Prior to the start of major construction activities, BMP implementation, appropriate to the activity to be completed, a pre-construction meeting will be conducted with the contractors, as necessary, to ensure their activities conform to the requirements of this SWPPP. Del Webb Explore 47 08/01/2023 SECTION 7.0 REFERENCES Project Plans and Specifications No. TTM 38434 dated June 28, 2023, prepared by MSA Consulting, Inc. Preliminary WQMP No. TTM 38434 dated June 07, 2023, prepared by MSA Consulting, Inc. Geotechnical Investigation dated March 4, 2021, prepared by Petra Geosciences, Inc. State Water Resources Control Board (2009). Order 2009-0009-DWQ, NPDES General Permit No. CAS000002: National Pollutant Discharges Elimination System (NPDES) California General Permit for Storm Water Discharge Associated with Construction and Land Disturbing Activities and amended by Order 2010-0014-DWQ, and Order 2012-0014-DWQ. Available on- line at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/construction.shtml. The State Water Resources Control Board, Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, Quality Assurance Program Plan, Version 1.0 dated September 1, 2008. CASQA 2015, Stormwater BMP Handbook Portal: Construction, November 2015, www.casqa.org PulteGroup, Inc. National Storm Water Quality Program Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Format, February 6, 2012. All applicable Local, State, and Federal requirements are included by reference. Regional Water Board requirements Municipal Permit Agency Basin Plan requirements Contract Documents Air Quality Regulations and Permits Federal Endangered Species Act National Historic Preservation Act/Requirements of the State Historic Preservation Office State of California Endangered Species Act Clean Water Act Section 401 Water Quality Certifications and 404 Permits CA The following documents and websites were used in preparation of this SWPPP: · The Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan) for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Central Valley Region, Fourth Edition, Revised October 2011 – Figure II- 1 and Table II-1, Surface Water Bodies and Beneficial Uses · US EPA Stormwater Phase II Final Rule – Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver Fact Sheet, Revised March 2012 – Figure 1. Erosivity Index Zone Map and Table 1. Erosivity Index Del Webb Explore 48 08/01/2023 · Caltrans Stormwater Quality Handbooks SWPPP/WPCP Preparation Manual, March 1, 2007 – Figure 819.2A Runoff Coefficients for Undeveloped Areas, Watershed Types and Table 819.2B Runoff Coefficients for Developed Areas · US EPA Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculator. http://water.epa.gov/polwaste/npdes/stormwater/Welcome-to-the-Rainfall-Erosivity- Factor-Calculator.cfm · USDA Web Soil Survey. http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/App/HomePage.htm · USGS Topographic Quadrangle Maps. http://store.usgs.gov/b2c_usgs/usgs/maplocator · NOAA Precipitation Frequency Estimates. http://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds · CALEPA SRWQCB Impaired Waters. http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2010.shtml All applicable Local, State and Federal Requirements shall also be enforced. APPENDIX A VICINITY MAP, SITE MAP, BMP MAP MA P OF REC EIVING WATERS k DATE: 2 /8/2021 0 2.5 5 7.5 10MI.I WHIT EWATERRIVER COA CH ELLAVALLEYSTORMWATERCHANNEL PRO JECTSITE MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MHMH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH STOP 29 3 . 6 8 10 3 31 2 . 8 9 31 9 . 8 9 30 2 . 2 3 25 7 . 2 9 10 8 29 0 . 2 9 28 6 . 3 1 OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . Ob s c u r e d A r e a Ob s c u r e d A r e a OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . Ob s c u r e d A r e a OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . Ob s c u r e d A r e a OB S . OB S . Ob s c u r e d A r e a Ob s c u r e d A r e a Ob s c u r e d A r e a OB S . OB S . Ob s c u r e d A r e a OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . OB S . 27 3 . 3 26 4 . 3 28 1 . 2 29 6 . 8 28 4 . 6 28 3 . 8 29 7 . 5 29 1 . 6 29 4 . 8 30 2 . 4 29 6 . 5 29 9 . 5 30 9 . 1 27 8 . 9 27 8 . 8 28 2 . 5 28 2 . 3 28 3 . 5 29 0 . 3 29 4 . 5 27 7 . 9 27 8 . 4 27 7 . 8 27 6 . 8 27 8 . 3 27 6 . 6 25 2 . 5 27 0 . 7 27 3 . 3 28 3 . 4 27 9 . 3 28 0 . 1 27 6 . 3 27 5 . 5 27 5 . 7 27 4 . 3 27 5 . 4 27 3 . 5 27 4 . 3 27 2 . 8 27 3 . 2 27 5 . 5 27 8 . 9 27 7 . 1 27 9 . 3 27 5 . 1 29 0 . 1 28 9 . 5 29 0 . 3 32 2 . 4 28 9 . 5 29 0 . 4 29 2 . 3 28 0 . 4 28 3 . 2 29 2 . 2 29 1 . 4 29 2 . 9 28 8 . 7 28 7 . 8 28 7 . 8 28 9 . 1 29 0 . 1 28 4 . 7 28 4 . 5 28 4 . 7 28 4 . 7 28 2 . 4 28 2 . 5 28 3 . 5 28 1 . 4 28 1 . 5 28 2 . 1 28 2 . 2 28 8 . 9 30 0 . 1 31 9 . 7 32 2 . 1 31 3 . 9 30 4 . 4 30 2 . 9 29 9 . 7 29 8 . 4 30 2 . 5 0. 0 30 3 . 3 30 3 . 4 30 3 . 6 30 4 . 2 30 4 . 8 29 9 . 3 29 9 . 2 29 8 . 8 30 0 . 7 30 2 . 2 29 9 . 6 29 8 . 6 29 8 . 4 29 8 . 2 30 0 . 8 29 7 . 8 29 7 . 7 29 8 . 8 30 2 . 4 30 0 . 7 29 5 . 4 29 6 . 3 30 3 . 5 30 1 . 9 30 5 . 5 30 5 . 5 30 5 . 5 30 6 . 1 30 6 . 1 30 4 . 3 30 3 . 1 31 1 . 8 30 5 . 6 30 6 . 1 30 3 . 2 29 3 . 5 29 3 . 2 29 3 . 7 29 2 . 7 29 3 . 2 29 6 . 1 29 5 . 1 29 4 . 5 29 4 . 6 29 4 . 0 29 3 . 6 29 3 . 4 29 2 . 4 29 2 . 9 29 3 . 9 29 6 . 4 29 7 . 4 29 4 . 5 29 6 . 8 29 8 . 1 29 4 . 3 30 9 . 4 31 1 . 1 30 7 . 2 30 9 . 7 30 5 . 3 31 3 . 6 30 0 . 3 30 0 . 4 30 0 . 6 30 0 . 6 30 8 . 2 30 4 . 6 30 2 . 6 30 6 . 3 31 6 . 5 31 2 . 9 31 0 . 0 31 2 . 2 30 1 . 6 30 2 . 1 30 2 . 5 30 2 . 4 30 4 . 5 30 1 . 7 29 8 . 5 29 8 . 3 29 9 . 7 30 0 . 3 30 4 . 1 30 5 . 1 29 9 . 3 30 0 . 6 30 0 . 2 30 0 . 2 29 4 . 3 29 3 . 5 29 6 . 6 29 7 . 6 29 6 . 9 29 7 . 5 29 6 . 9 29 6 . 8 29 6 . 6 29 4 . 6 29 4 . 9 29 5 . 5 29 4 . 6 29 4 . 1 29 3 . 8 29 3 . 3 29 3 . 6 29 4 . 4 29 4 . 4 29 4 . 4 29 3 . 8 29 5 . 8 30 1 . 6 29 9 . 6 30 1 . 7 30 1 . 7 30 2 . 7 30 2 . 5 30 2 . 7 30 2 . 3 30 2 . 4 30 3 . 1 30 2 . 4 30 4 . 4 30 3 . 1 30 3 . 7 30 0 . 5 30 0 . 9 30 0 . 1 30 1 . 8 30 1 . 9 30 1 . 3 30 1 . 6 30 3 . 6 30 3 . 3 30 3 . 6 30 4 . 3 29 9 . 6 30 0 . 3 30 3 . 5 30 3 . 2 29 8 . 5 29 9 . 8 30 0 . 5 30 3 . 2 30 2 . 4 30 2 . 3 31 0 . 1 30 5 . 9 30 7 . 3 30 6 . 7 30 3 . 7 30 2 . 7 29 8 . 5 31 0 . 2 30 8 . 5 30 8 . 5 30 8 . 6 30 8 . 7 32 2 . 4 32 1 . 5 32 2 . 5 32 2 . 4 31 9 . 7 30 8 . 5 30 8 . 7 30 7 . 2 32 3 . 6 32 2 . 6 31 0 . 6 31 6 . 5 31 7 . 6 31 4 . 6 31 5 . 5 32 3 . 1 30 8 . 4 30 5 . 7 30 4 . 2 29 5 . 6 29 5 . 2 30 0 . 9 30 0 . 8 30 0 . 2 29 9 . 6 29 9 . 3 29 8 . 9 29 8 . 6 29 8 . 2 29 7 . 6 29 7 . 7 29 8 . 5 29 9 . 3 29 9 . 6 29 9 . 6 29 9 . 3 30 0 . 6 30 1 . 1 30 1 . 7 30 1 . 2 30 1 . 2 30 2 . 3 30 1 . 2 30 0 . 6 30 1 . 2 29 9 . 4 29 9 . 2 30 1 . 3 30 0 . 5 30 1 . 3 29 8 . 8 29 8 . 5 29 9 . 3 29 9 . 8 29 9 . 3 29 7 . 5 29 6 . 7 29 8 . 7 29 8 . 4 29 7 . 7 29 7 . 2 29 6 . 7 29 5 . 5 29 6 . 2 29 5 . 5 29 4 . 5 29 4 . 6 29 4 . 6 29 4 . 4 29 7 . 1 29 6 . 3 29 5 . 5 29 5 . 6 29 3 . 3 29 3 . 5 29 2 . 7 29 2 . 8 29 6 . 5 29 7 . 1 29 5 . 8 29 7 . 8 29 7 . 3 28 9 . 6 28 9 . 4 28 7 . 5 28 8 . 2 28 8 . 7 29 0 . 2 28 9 . 4 28 9 . 7 29 1 . 7 29 5 . 8 29 4 . 7 29 5 . 9 29 2 . 4 29 2 . 8 29 2 . 8 28 9 . 3 28 7 . 9 29 0 . 5 29 2 . 7 29 1 . 7 28 9 . 1 28 7 . 5 29 0 . 6 29 0 . 7 29 1 . 3 29 1 . 3 29 4 . 7 29 4 . 6 29 3 . 1 29 4 . 4 29 3 . 5 29 3 . 1 29 2 . 1 29 2 . 6 29 4 . 7 29 6 . 6 29 5 . 6 29 8 . 2 29 3 . 5 29 2 . 4 29 5 . 5 29 6 . 3 29 7 . 3 29 4 . 7 29 6 . 5 29 6 . 3 29 5 . 1 29 2 . 3 29 2 . 6 29 1 . 9 30 3 . 4 29 3 . 6 29 8 . 1 30 6 . 1 30 2 . 9 30 0 . 7 30 4 . 4 30 5 . 7 29 2 . 6 29 1 . 9 29 1 . 7 29 1 . 7 30 4 . 3 31 0 . 6 30 3 . 4 29 2 . 5 29 6 . 5 29 7 . 8 30 6 . 3 30 5 . 3 31 0 . 9 31 1 . 6 31 2 . 9 31 3 . 6 31 5 . 7 31 1 . 7 31 4 . 2 31 4 . 1 31 4 . 6 31 1 . 9 31 3 . 4 30 4 . 7 30 0 . 5 30 2 . 5 30 8 . 8 30 0 . 6 30 8 . 4 29 9 . 9 30 1 . 2 29 3 . 5 29 8 . 4 29 9 . 1 32 1 . 7 32 2 . 1 32 1 . 5 32 0 . 7 31 8 . 4 31 2 . 9 31 7 . 9 31 2 . 4 31 7 . 5 31 3 . 3 32 0 . 1 31 7 . 4 31 7 . 3 31 9 . 5 30 9 . 5 31 9 . 4 31 1 . 3 31 0 . 3 30 4 . 3 30 4 . 8 31 0 . 6 32 1 . 6 31 6 . 5 32 4 . 1 32 2 . 5 32 3 . 3 30 7 . 2 30 7 . 6 30 8 . 6 30 8 . 5 30 9 . 1 29 9 . 4 29 8 . 7 29 8 . 1 29 8 . 1 29 7 . 8 29 7 . 9 30 3 . 3 30 1 . 6 29 9 . 9 30 0 . 4 30 0 . 2 28 5 . 3 28 5 . 5 28 1 . 8 28 7 . 1 27 9 . 8 28 1 . 4 28 2 . 5 28 2 . 7 28 1 . 9 28 2 . 4 27 8 . 8 27 9 . 4 28 0 . 4 28 0 . 5 27 8 . 6 27 9 . 5 28 0 . 5 28 1 . 2 28 2 . 3 28 2 . 2 27 9 . 7 27 9 . 2 27 9 . 4 28 0 . 5 27 5 . 8 27 3 . 7 27 3 . 9 27 4 . 2 27 4 . 4 27 2 . 7 27 0 . 9 27 1 . 1 27 9 . 7 27 8 . 1 27 8 . 3 28 0 . 3 27 9 . 2 27 9 . 3 27 9 . 5 27 8 . 4 27 7 . 6 27 9 . 3 27 9 . 4 27 7 . 7 28 0 . 2 28 0 . 5 28 0 . 3 27 7 . 7 27 7 . 7 27 7 . 7 27 8 . 6 27 8 . 6 27 7 . 7 27 8 . 5 27 8 . 7 27 7 . 6 27 7 . 9 28 0 . 4 28 0 . 4 27 9 . 2 27 9 . 3 28 0 . 4 27 8 . 4 27 9 . 1 28 0 . 7 28 1 . 3 28 2 . 2 28 1 . 7 28 2 . 6 28 4 . 2 28 3 . 5 28 1 . 5 28 1 . 5 28 2 . 4 As p h . As p h . As p h . Co n c . Co n c . Co n c . Co n c . As p h . As p h . As p h . As p h . .593. 93..5 92. .192 . .390 . .890 . .888 . .294 . 93 . .693 . .299 . As p h . As p h . As p h . As p h . Co n c . Co n c . Dirt Dirt Di r t Di r t Di r t Dirt Dirt Co n c . Co n c . Conc. Conc. Gr e e n Fa i r w a y Fa i r w a y Fa i r w a y Sa n d Fa i r w a y Fa i r w a y Co n c . GE R A L D F O R D D R I V E JE R I L A N E JU L I E L A N E M M M M MMM M M M NO PA R K I N G NO PA R K I N G NO PA R K I N G NO PARKING NO PA R K I N G CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R CO M P A C T CA R N 0|01'08" W 611.72' N 8 9 | 5 4 ' 5 8 " E N 0|01'08" W 1000.16' N 8 9 | 5 4 ' 0 8 " E 6 2 2 . 0 5 ' N 8 9 | 5 4 ' 5 8 " E 6 2 1 . 4 2 ' 21 3 . 6 3 ' TR A C T N O . 3 0 0 8 7 M . B . 3 1 9 / 6 1 - 6 3 56 ' 56 ' 56' 56' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 76' 80' 13 6 ' 13 2 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 74 ' 80 ' 134' 80 ' 134' 134' 74' 74' 74' 74' 74' 74'74' 74'74' 74' 74' 74' 14 0 ' 12 8 ' 76' 80' 80' 76' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 75' 12 6 ' 84' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 20' 86' 15 0 ' 32' 134' 134' 134' 134' 56' 56' 13 6 ' 13 6 ' 13 6 ' 13 6 ' 13 6 ' 13 6 ' 15' 41' 18'74' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' 13 2 ' 14 4 ' TR A C T N O . 3 0 2 6 9 M. B . 3 2 3 / 1 5 - 1 6 H.P. H.P. G.B.RETENTION BASIN BTM =272.3 RET. BASIN BTM =277.0 RET. BASIN BTM =280.1 3332.57' 13 2 3 . 1 2 ' 1332.86'1729.62' 50 5 . 0 2 ' 81.78' 53 9 . 4 0 ' 353.99'LOT 5 PE 29 3 . 4 LOT 9 PE 294.1 LOT 10 PE 294.3 RET. BASIN BTM =291.5 RET. BASIN BTM =294.0RET. BASIN BTM =294.4 RET. BASIN BTM =294.5 LOT 11 PE 294.5 LOT 12 PE 294.8 LOT 13 PE 295.0 LOT 14 PE 295.3 LOT 15 PE 295.5 LOT 16 PE 295.8 LOT 17 PE 296.0 LOT 18 PE 296.2 LOT 19 PE 296.5LOT 20 PE 297.0 LOT 21 PE 297.2 LOT 22 PE 297.5 LOT 23 PE 297.7 LOT 24 PE 297.9 LOT 25 PE 298.2 LOT 26 PE 298.4 LOT 27 PE 298.7 LOT 28 PE 298.9 LOT 29 PE 299.1 LOT 30 PE 299.3 LOT 31 PE 299.7 LOT 32 PE 299.9 LOT 33 PE 300.1 LOT 34 PE 300.4 LOT 35 PE 300.6 LOT 36 PE 300.8 LOT 37 PE 301.1 LOT 38 PE 301.5 LOT 39 PE 301.8 LOT 40 PE 302.0 LOT 41 PE 302.3 LOT 42 PE 302.5 LOT 43 PE 302.7 LOT 44 PE 303.0 LOT 45 PE 303.2 LOT 256 PE 301.0 LOT 47 PE 304.0LOT 46 PE 304.0 LOT 48 PE 303.8 LOT 49 PE 303.5 LOT 50 PE 303.2 LOT 51 PE 303.7 LOT 52 PE 303.9 LOT 53 PE 303.7 LOT 54 PE 303.6 LOT 55 PE 304.6 LOT 56 PE 304.6 LOT 57 PE 305.0 LOT 58 PE 306.1 LOT 59 PE 306.5 LOT 60 PE 307.0 LOT PE LOT 61 PE 307.5 LOT 62 PE 308.0 LOT 63 PE 308.5 LOT 64 PE 308.5 LOT 65 PE 308.0 LOT 66 PE 308.0 LOT 67 PE 308.2 LOT 68 PE 307.9 LOT 69 PE 307.7 LOT 70 PE 308.8 LOT 71 PE 309.8 LOT 72 PE 310.8 LOT 73 PE 311.7 LOT 74 PE 312.7 LOT 75 PE 313.6 LOT 76 PE 314.4 LOT 77 PE 315.1 LOT 78 PE 315.4 LOT 79 PE 316.2 LOT 80 PE 316.9 LOT 81 PE 317.7 LOT 82 PE 318.5 LOT 119 PE 297.0 LOT 118 PE 295.9 LOT 83 PE 318.0 LOT 84 PE 319.7 LOT 85 PE 317.2 LOT 86 PE 316.2 LOT 87 PE 315.0 LOT 120 PE 298.1 LOT 121 PE 299.2 LOT 88 PE 313.8 LOT 94 PE 312.4 LOT 93 PE 311.2 LOT 92 PE 310.5 LOT 91 PE 310.6 LOT 90 PE 311.3 LOT 89 PE 312.6 LOT 95 PE 313.7 LOT 96 PE 314.9 LOT 97 PE 316.1 LOT 98 PE 317.2 LOT 99 PE 314.2 LOT 100 PE 313.3 LOT 101 PE 312.2 LOT 109 PE 301.6 LOT 110 PE 300.5 LOT 111 PE 299.4 LOT 112 PE 298.3 LOT 113 PE 297.2 LOT 114 PE 296.2 LOT 115 PE 295.1 LOT 108 PE 302.7 LOT 107 PE 303.8 LOT 106 PE 304.8 LOT 105 PE 305.8 LOT 104 PE 309.0 LOT 103 PE 310.0 LOT 102 PE 311.1 LOT 156 PE 307.0 RET. BASIN BTM =279.4 TP 302.0 PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) (3 0 0 ) (2 9 5 ) (295) (3 0 5 ) (3 0 0 ) (300) (305)(310) (310) (3 1 5 ) (3 1 5 ) (310) (310) (315) (320)(320) (305) (310) (3 0 0 ) (295) (290) (285) (300) (305)(310) (315) (320) (305) (300) (295) (300) (295) (295) (295) (295) (300) (295) (305) (305) (295) (295) (300) (300) (315) LOT 83 NG 292.8 LOT 84 NG 292.2 LOT 85 NG 292.6 LOT 86 NG 293.2 LOT 87 NG 293.3 LOT 88 NG 292.9 LOT 89 NG 292.8 LOT 90 NG 292.2 LOT 91 NG 291.6 LOT 92 NG 291.5 LOT 93 NG 291.1 LOT 94 NG 290.9 LOT 95 NG 290.5 LOT 96 NG 290.3 LOT 97 NG 289.7 LOT 98 NG 289.3 LOT 99 NG 290.3 LOT 91 NG 288.7 LOT 24 NG 290.8 LOT 25 NG 291.7 LOT 8 NG 293.4 LOT 9 NG 293.7 LOT 8 NG 295.2 LOT 9 NG 296.0 LOT 8 NG 298.0 LOT 9 NG 298.7 LOT 7 NG 300.8 LOT 8 NG 300.8 LOT 9 NG 300.8 LOT 10 NG 300.3 LOT 7 NG 299.2 LOT 8 NG 298.1 LOT 9 NG 296.9 LOT 10 NG 296.2 LOT 8 NG 293.8 LOT 9 NG 293.4 LOT 8 NG 290.4 LOT 10 NG 285.5 LOT 9 NG 286.5 LOT 11 NG 284.2 LOT 12 NG 283.0 LOT 13 NG 281.9 LOT 14 NG 280.3 LOT 15 NG 278.9 LOT 16 NG 277.2 LOT 17 NG 275.5 LOT 17 NG 276.2PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RETENTION SYSTEM (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED LEVELING PIPE (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED LEVELING PIPE (TYP.) PROPOSED LEVELING PIPE (TYP.) "FORCED MAJEURE" ESCAPE ROUTE PE= 284.0 PE= 287.0 PE= 290.0 PE= 285.0 PE= 284.0 PE= 283.0 PE= 282.0 PE= 283.0 PE= 280.0 PE= 279.0 PE= 280.5 PE= 281.0PE= 282.0 PE= 282.0 TRACT BOUNDARY TRACT BOUNDARY TRACT BOUNDARY 321.0 NG (305.6) NG (315.2) NG (294.7) NG (314.3) NG 291.2 TP-JOIN (2 9 5 ) (300)LO T " E " ST R E E T " P " STREET "E" ST R E E T " D " ST R E E T " H " STREET "H" STREET "H" STR E E T " A " STR E E T " K " ST R E E T " Q " LOT "G" ST R E E T " F " STREET "A" CLUBHOUSE LOT "O" WO O D W A R D D R I V E ST R E E T " C " JU L I E L A N E STREET "G" ST R E E T " R " ST R E E T " M " ST R E E T " O " ST R E E T " N " STREET "H" ST R E E T " H " LOT "L" LOT "N"LOT "M" LOT "K" LOT "O" LOT "F" LOT "D" LO T " D " LOT "I" LOT "I" LO T " I " LOT "B" LO T " B " LOT "C" LOT "A" LO T " H " STR E E T " S " LOT "A" STREET "B" STREET"I" STREET"J" STREET "L" LOT 4 PE 29 3 . 7 LOT 3 PE 29 3 . 9 LOT 2 PE 29 4 . 2 LOT 1 PE 29 4 . 4 LOT 8 PE 29 3 . 6 LOT 7 PE 29 3 . 8 LOT 6 PE 29 4 . 0 LOT 116 PE 294.0 LOT 117 PE 292.9 LOT 122 PE 300.3 LOT 123 PE 301.4 LOT 124 PE 302.4 LOT 125 PE 303.5 LOT 126 PE 304.6 LOT 127 PE 305.7 LOT 128 PE 306.8 LOT 129 PE 307.9 LOT 130 PE 309.0 LOT 131 PE 310.0 LOT 132 PE 311.1 LOT 133 PE 312.2 LOT 134 PE 313.3 LOT 135 PE 314.2LOT 136 PE 312.4 LOT 137 PE 308.8 LOT 138 PE 308.8 LOT 139PE 306.0 LOT 140 PE 304.7 LOT 141 PE 303.6 LOT 142 PE 302.5 LOT 143 PE 301.4 LOT 144 PE 300.3 LOT 145 PE 299.3 LOT 146 PE 298.2 LOT 147 PE 297.1 LOT 148 PE 296.0 LOT 149 PE 295.0 H.P. H.P. H.P.H.P.H.P.H.P. H.P. H.P. H.P. H.P. H.P. H.P. G.B. LOT 155 PE 306.8 LOT 154 PE 306.6 LOT 153 PE 306.4 LOT 152 PE 306.1 LOT 151 PE 305.9 LOT 150 PE 305.7 LOT 168 PE 301.0 LOT 167 PE 301.5 LOT 166 PE 302.1 LOT 165 PE 302.7 LOT 164 PE 303.2 LOT 163 PE 303.8 LOT 162 PE 304.3 LOT 161 PE 304.9 LOT 160 PE 305.3 LOT 159 PE 305.8 LOT 158 PE 306.4 LOT 157 PE 307.0 LOT 190 PE 307.0 LOT 189 PE 306.7 LOT 188 PE 306.5 LOT 187 PE 306.3 LOT 186 PE 306.0 LOT 185 PE 305.8 LOT 197 PE 301.6 LOT 196 PE 302.0 LOT 195 PE 302.5 LOT 194 PE 303.1 LOT 193 PE 303.7 LOT 192 PE 304.2 LOT 191 PE 305.1 LOT 179 PE 307.0 LOT 180 PE 306.7 LOT 181 PE 306.3 LOT 182 PE 306.0 LOT 183 PE 305.7 LOT 184 PE 305.5 LOT 173 PE 305.5 LOT 172 PE 305.5 LOT 171 PE 304.1 LOT 170 PE 303.6 LOT 169 PE 303.1 LOT 174 PE 305.5 LOT 175 PE 306.0 LOT 176 PE 306.3 LOT 177 PE 306.7 LOT 178 PE 307.0 RET. BASIN BTM =291.2 RET. BASIN BTM =301.0 LOT 205 PE 304.7 LOT 204 PE 304.2 LOT 203 PE 303.8 LOT 202 PE 303.4 LOT 201 PE 303.0 LOT 200 PE 302.6 LOT 199 PE 302.2 PE 301.6LOT 215 PE 301.0 LOT 214 PE 301.2 LOT 213 PE 301.5 LOT 212 PE 301.7 PE 301.9 PE 301.9 LOT 210 PE 302.2 LOT 209 PE 302.4 LOT 208 PE 302.6 LOT 207 PE 302.8 LOT 206 PE 302.9LOT 226 PE 302.9 LOT 227 PE 302.2 LOT 228 PE 302.0 LOT 229 PE 301.8 LOT 230 PE 230.0 LOT 223 PE 302.4 LOT 224 PE 302.6 LOT 225 PE 302.8 LOT 222 PE 302.2 LOT 221 PE 302.0 LOT 220 PE 301.8 LOT 219 PE 301.6LOT 234 PE 300.7 LOT 233 PE 300.9 LOT 232 PE 301.1 LOT 231 PE 301.4 LOT 235 PE 300.5 LOT 236 PE 300.3 LOT 216 PE 301.1 LOT 217 PE 301.3 LOT 218 PE 301.4 LOT 237 PE 300.4 LOT 238 PE 300.6 LOT 239 PE 300.8 LOT 240 PE 301.0 LOT 241 PE 301.2 LOT 242 PE 301.4 LOT 243 PE 301.6 LOT 244 PE 301.8 LOT 247 PE 303.5 LOT 245 PE 302.0 LOT 246 PE 302.2 LOT 248 PE 302.8 LOT 249 PE 302.6 LOT 250 PE 302.4 LOT 251 PE 302.2 LOT 252 PE 302.0 LOT 253 PE 301.8 LOT 254PE 301.6 LOT 255 PE 301.4 LOT 257 PE 300.0 LOT 258 PE 300.6 LOT 259 PE 300.4 LOT 260 PE 300.2 LOT 261 PE 300.0 LOT 263 PE 299.1 LOT 264 PE 299.3 LOT 265 PE 299.5 LOT 266 PE 299.7 LOT 267 PE 299.9 LOT 268 PE 300.1 LOT 269 PE 300.0 LOT 270 PE 300.0 LOT 271 PE 299.8 LOT 272 PE 299.5 LOT 273 PE 299.3 LOT 274 PE 299.1 LOT 277 PE 298.1 LOT 278 PE 298.3 LOT 279 PE 298.5 LOT 280 PE 298.7 LOT 281 PE 298.8 LOT 282 PE 299.0 LOT 283 PE 299.2 LOT 262 PE 298.9 LOT 275 PE 298.9 LOT 276 PE 297.9 LOT 291 PE 297.9 LOT 292 PE 296.9 LOT 290 PE 298.1 LOT 289 PE 298.4 LOT 288 PE 298.6 LOT 287 PE 298.8 LOT 286 PE 299.1 LOT 285 PE 299.3 LOT 294 PE 297.7 LOT 293 PE 297.3 LOT 295 PE 298.1 LOT 296 PE 298.7 LOT 297 PE 299.4 PE 300.1LOT 284 PE 299.4 LOT 299 PE 300.3 LOT 300 PE 299.8 LOT 301 PE 299.4 LOT 302 PE 299.0 LOT 303 PE 298.5 LOT 304 PE 298.1 LOT 309 PE 296.4 LOT 310 PE 296.7 LOT 311 PE 296.9 LOT 312 PE 297.2 LOT 313 PE 297.6 LOT 314 PE 297.8 LOT 305 PE 297.6 LOT 306 PE 296.9 LOT 307 PE 296.0 LOT 308 PE 296.2 LOT 321 PE 296.1 LOT 322 PE 294.9 LOT 332 PE 295.0 LOT 331 PE 295.3 LOT 330 PE 295.5 LOT 315 PE 297.6 LOT 316 PE 297.3 LOT 328 PE 296.1 LOT 329 PE 296.2 LOT 327 PE 295.9 LOT 326 PE 295.7 LOT 325 PE 295.5 LOT 324 PE 295.3 LOT 323 PE 295.1 LOT 320 PE 296.4 LOT 319 PE 296.6 LOT 318 PE 296.8 LOT 317 PE 297.1 PE 2 9 2 . 9 LOT "J" TP 301.0 TP 302.5 TP 301.7 TP 303.1 TP 302.5 TP 299.6 TP 298.8 TP 307.1 TP 306.8 TP 305.9TP 305.8TP 306.1 TP 309.3 TP 308.4 TP 311.5 TP 313.6 TP 312.3 TP 316.8 TP 318.7 TP 304.0 TP 298.8 TP 290.9 TP ? TP 307.3TP 305.1 G.B.G.B. TP 291.6 G.B. TP 298.5 TP 297.4 TP 297.1 TP 296.1 TP 298.5 TP 297.8 TP 294.9 TP 294.1 TP 293.0 TP 294.5 TP 296.3 TP 291.6 TP 292.7 LOT 333 TP 288.1 TP 301.8 TP 284.9 TP 282.7 TP 280.6 TP 280.1 TP 279.5 TP 288.0 TP 2 8 9 . 9 RET. BASIN BTM =287.4 RE T . B A S I N BT M = 2 9 0 . 3 0. 4 0 % ( M I N ) 0.40% (MIN)0.40% (MIN) 0.40% (MIN) 0. 4 2 % ( M I N ) 0.40% (MIN) 0. 4 % ( M I N ) 0. 4 0 % ( M I N ) 0. 4 0 % ( M I N ) 0.40%0.90%0.51%1.24%0.50%1.00%0.89%0.80% 0.8 4 % 0.8 0 % 0. 4 % ( M I N ) 0.4 5 % 0. 4 0 % ( M I N ) 0.81%0.92% 1.85% 2.5 1 % 1.50% 0.45%1.9 7 % 2.3 0 % 2.5 9 % 1.13% 0.4 6 % 0.85% 2.00% 2.18% 2.3 1 % 0. 4 0 % ( M I N . ) 2.1 2 % 0.86% 0.93% 0.85% 2.3 0 % 1.8 % 1.8 % 1.8 % 1.8 % 1.8 % (305) (310) (305) (2 9 5 ) (295) (300) (305) (310)(315) (315) (315)(320)(320) (305)(310) (3 0 5 ) (300) (295) (300) (3 0 5 ) (3 0 5 ) 305 300 295 290 310 305 295 300 300 30 5 30 0 29 5 29 0 28 5 280 29 0 29 5 29 5 29 5 295 30 0 30 5 30 5 31 0 31 5 30 5 305 30 0 30 0 PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED LEVELING PIPE (TYP.)PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) LOT 298 LOT 198 PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) CLUB H O U S E PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED CATCH BASIN (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.)PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) PROPOSED DRYWELL (TYP.) 15 %MA X . 30 0 30 0 29 0 29 5 31 5 31 0 305 295 290 30 0 31 0 PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RETENTION SYSTEM (TYP.) PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RETENTION SYSTEM (TYP.) PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RETENTION SYSTEM (TYP.) PROPOSED UNDERGROUND RETENTION SYSTEM (TYP.) PE 312.8' LOT LINE PROP. FINISH GRADE EXISTING FINISH GRADE EXISTING FINISH GRADE TTM BOUNDARY LINE PROP. FINISH GRADE EXISTING RIVERSIDE COUNTY SHERIFF STATION EXISTING FINISH GRADE 0'200' SCALE 1"=100' 100'300'400' FOS MSR DESIGN BY DRAWN BY CHECK BY FOS EXHIBIT DATE: REFUGE - PALM DESERT - TTM 38434PROJECT NAME: PULTE HOME COMPANY, LLCPREPARED FOR: PRELIMINARY GRADING AND DRAINAGE EXHIBITPLAN: JUNE 28, 2023 MSA CONSULTING,INC. C i v i l E n g i n e e r i n g L a n d S u r v e y i n g L a n d s c a p e A r c h i t e c t u r ePlanningEnvironmentalServicesDryUtilityCoordinationGIS 34200 Bob Hope Drive Rancho Mirage, CA 92270 | 760.320.9811 | MSAConsultinginc.com %%UESTIMATED EARTHWORK QUANTITIES RAW QUANTITIES SUBSIDENCE 17,217 13,019 RAW ADJUSTED 405,720 236,356 SHRINKAGE 41,710 LOSS FROM BORROW PIT EXPORT 23,221 SUBTOTAL 855,840 807,619 OVER-EX (PADS)450,120 450,120 OVER-EX (PADS) SHRINKAGE 79,433 422,937 223,337 CUT (CY)FILL (CY) 25,000 {EARTHWORK NOTE: ASSUMED EARTHWORK ANALYSIS FACTORS: } {THE FOLLOWING FACTORS WERE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF THE EARTHWORK ANALYSIS: SHRINKAGE:15% SUBSIDENCE:0.20' OVEREXCAVATION 3' DISTURBED AREA 93 ACRES ALL OF THE FACTORS WERE OBTAINED FROM PETRA GEOSCIENCES, INC PROJECT No. 20-446 , DATED MARCH 4, 2021. SHRINKAGE:20% - 22% SUBSIDENCE:0.2' - 0.22' OVER EXCAVATION 4.0' EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY WAS PROVIDED BY INLAND AERIAL SURVEYS, INC., DATED NOVEMBER 26, 2016.} {SECTION NOTE: SEE LANDSCAPE PLAN FOR ALL OTHER SECTIONS.} AA BB SECTION A-A SECTION B-B SCALE 1"=10'SCALE 1"=10' {BENCH MARK BENCH MARK: 101 DESCRIPTION: 2" BRASS DISK STAMPED C.O.P.D. BM 101 LOCATION: SOUTHWEST CORNER OF PORTOLA AVENUE AND GERALD FORD DRIVE. NORTHWEST CORNER OF CATCH BASIN. SOUTH OF SOUTHERLY PCR, FLUSH ELEVATION: 231.83' (NAVD88 DATUM)} TOTAL EARTHWORK %%O855,840 %%O855,840 {ESTIMATED EARTHWORK BALANCE ADJUST GRADING DESIGN ELEVATIONS 0.1' TO BALANCE EARTHWORK} R: \ 2 6 3 6 \ A c a d \ G r a d i n g re l i m i n a r y \ 2 6 3 6 P R E L I M G R A D I N G E X H I B I T . d w g , 6 / 2 8 / 2 0 2 3 8 : 5 5 : 5 0 A M , f s t a n w a y , M S A C o n s u l t i n g , I n c . APPENDIX B CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT AND BLANK FORMS CONSTRUCTION GENERAL PERMIT (APPLICABLE SECTIONS ONLY) State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Quality 1001 I Street • Sacramento, California 95814 • (916) 341-5455 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 100 • Sacramento, California • 95812-0100 Fax (916) 341-5463 • http://www.waterboards.ca.gov 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ Linda S. Adams Secretary for Environmental Protection Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DISTURBANCE ACTIVITIES ORDER NO. 2009-0009-DWQ NPDES NO. CAS000002 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, that this Order supersedes Order No. 99-08-DWQ [as amended by Order No. 2010-0014-DWQ] except for enforcement purposes. The Discharger shall comply with the requirements in this Order to meet the provisions contained in Division 7 of the California Water Code (commencing with section 13000) and regulations adopted thereunder, and the provisions of the federal Clean Water Act and regulations and guidelines adopted thereunder. I, Jeanine Townsend, Clerk to the Board, do hereby certify that this Order with all attachments is a full, true, and correct copy of an Order adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board, on September 2, 2009. AYE: Vice Chair Frances Spivy-Weber Board Member Arthur G. Baggett, Jr. Board Member Tam M. Doduc NAY: Chairman Charles R. Hoppin ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None Jeanine Townsend Clerk to the Board This Order was adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board on: September 2, 2009 This Order shall become effective on: July 1, 2010 This Order shall expire on: September 2, 2014 State Water Resources Control Board Division of Water Quality 1001 I Street • Sacramento, California 95814 • (916) 341-5455 Mailing Address: P.O. Box 100 • Sacramento, California • 95812-0100 Fax (916) 341-5463 • http://www.waterboards.ca.gov Linda S. Adams Secretary for Environmental Protection Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DISTURBANCE ACTIVITIES ORDER NO. 2010-0014-DWQ NPDES NO. CAS000002 Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ was adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board on: September 2, 2009 Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ became effective on: July 1, 2010 Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ shall expire on: September 2, 2014 This Order, which amends Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ, was adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board on: November 16, 2010 This Order shall become effective on: February 14, 2011 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that this Order amends Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ. Additions to Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ are reflected in blue-underline text and deletions are reflected in red-strikeout text. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that staff are directed to prepare and post a conformed copy of Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ incorporating the revisions made by this Order. I, Jeanine Townsend, Clerk to the Board, do hereby certify that this Order with all attachments is a full, true, and correct copy of an Order adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board, on November 16, 2010. AYE: Chairman Charles R. Hoppin Vice Chair Frances Spivy-Weber Board Member Arthur G. Baggett, Jr. Board Member Tam M. Doduc NAY: None ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None Jeanine Townsend Clerk to the Board i NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) GENERAL PERMIT FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DISTURBANCE ACTIVITIES ORDER NO. 2012-0006-DWQ NPDES NO. CAS000002 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that this Order amends Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ. Additions to Order No. 2009-0009-DWQ are reflected in blue-underline text and deletions are reflected in red-strikeout text. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that staff are directed to prepare and post a conformed copy of Order No. 2009-000-DWQ incorporating the revisions made by this Order. I, Jeanine Townsend, Clerk to the Board, do hereby certify that this Order with all attachments is a full, true, and correct copy of an Order adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board, on July 17, 2012. AYE: Chairman Charles R. Hoppin Vice Chair Frances Spivy-Weber Board Member Tam M. Doduc Board Member Steven Moore Board Member Felicia Marcus NAY: None ABSENT: None ABSTAIN: None Jeanine Townsend Clerk to the Board September 2, 2009 July 1, 2010 February 14, 2011 September 2, 2014 July 17, 2012 July 17, 2012 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ i TABLE OF CONTENTS I. FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 1  II. CONDITIONS FOR PERMIT COVERAGE ............................................................................ 14  III. DISCHARGE PROHIBITIONS ................................................................................................. 20  IV. SPECIAL PROVISIONS ............................................................................................................. 22  V. EFFLUENT STANDARDS & RECEIVING WATER MONITORING ................................. 28  VI. RECEIVING WATER LIMITATIONS .................................................................................... 31  VII. TRAINING QUALIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS ................... 32  VIII. RISK DETERMINATION .......................................................................................................... 33  IX. RISK LEVEL 1 REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 34  X. RISK LEVEL 2 REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 34  XI. RISK LEVEL 3 REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................... 34  XII. ACTIVE TREATMENT SYSTEMS (ATS) ............................................................................... 34  XIII. POST-CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS .................................................................................. 35  XIV. SWPPP REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................ 37  XV. REGIONAL WATER BOARD AUTHORITIES ...................................................................... 38  XVI. ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 39  LIST OF ATTACHMENTS Attachment A – Linear Underground/Overhead Requirements Attachment A.1 – LUP Type Determination Attachment A.2 – LUP Permit Registration Documents Attachment B – Permit Registration Documents Attachment C – Risk Level 1 Requirements Attachment D – Risk Level 2 Requirements Attachment E – Risk Level 3 Requirements Attachment F – Active Treatment System (ATS) Requirements LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 – Risk Determination Worksheet Appendix 2 – Post-Construction Water Balance Performance Standard Appendix 2.1 – Post-Construction Water Balance Performance Standard Spreadsheet Appendix 3 – Bioassessment Monitoring Guidelines Appendix 4 – Adopted/Implemented Sediment TMDLs Appendix 5 – Glossary Appendix 6 – Acronyms Appendix 7 – State and Regional Water Resources Control Board Contacts Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD ORDER NO. 2009-0009-DWQ [AS AMENDED BY ORDER NO. 2010-0014-DWQ] NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM GENERAL PERMIT NO. CAS000002 WASTE DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS FOR DISCHARGES OF STORM WATER RUNOFF ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DISTURBANCE ACTIVITIES I. FINDINGS A. General Findings The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) finds that: 1. The federal Clean Water Act (CWA) prohibits certain discharges of storm water containing pollutants except in compliance with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit (Title 33 United States Code (U.S.C.) §§ 1311 and 1342(p); also referred to as Clean Water Act (CWA) §§ 301 and 402(p)). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) promulgates federal regulations to implement the CWA’s mandate to control pollutants in storm water runoff discharges. (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Parts 122, 123, and 124). The federal statutes and regulations require discharges to surface waters comprised of storm water associated with construction activity, including demolition, clearing, grading, and excavation, and other land disturbance activities (except operations that result in disturbance of less than one acre of total land area and which are not part of a larger common plan of development or sale), to obtain coverage under an NPDES permit. The NPDES permit must require implementation of Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) and Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT) to reduce or eliminate pollutants in storm water runoff. The NPDES permit must also include additional requirements necessary to implement applicable water quality standards. 2. This General Permit authorizes discharges of storm water associated with construction activity so long as the dischargers comply with all requirements, provisions, limitations and prohibitions in the permit. In addition, this General Permit regulates the discharges of storm water associated with construction activities from all Linear Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 2 Underground/Overhead Projects resulting in the disturbance of greater than or equal to one acre (Attachment A). 3. This General Permit regulates discharges of pollutants in storm water associated with construction activity (storm water discharges) to waters of the United States from construction sites that disturb one or more acres of land surface, or that are part of a common plan of development or sale that disturbs more than one acre of land surface. 4. This General Permit does not preempt or supersede the authority of local storm water management agencies to prohibit, restrict, or control storm water discharges to municipal separate storm sewer systems or other watercourses within their jurisdictions. 5. This action to adopt a general NPDES permit is exempt from the provisions of Chapter 3 of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) (Public Resources Code Section 21100, et seq.), pursuant to Section 13389 of the California Water Code. 6. Pursuant to 40 C.F.R. § 131.12 and State Water Board Resolution No. 68-16,1 which incorporates the requirements of § 131.12 where applicable, the State Water Board finds that discharges in compliance with this General Permit will not result in the lowering of water quality standards, and are therefore consistent with those provisions. Compliance with this General Permit will result in improvements in water quality. 7. This General Permit serves as an NPDES permit in compliance with CWA § 402 and will take effect on July 1, 2010 by the State Water Board provided the Regional Administrator of the U.S. EPA has no objection. If the U.S. EPA Regional Administrator objects to its issuance, the General Permit will not become effective until such objection is withdrawn. 8. Following adoption and upon the effective date of this General Permit, the Regional Water Quality Control Boards (Regional Water Boards) shall enforce the provisions herein. 9. Regional Water Boards establish water quality standards in Basin Plans. The State Water Board establishes water quality standards in various statewide plans, including the California Ocean Plan. U.S. EPA establishes water quality standards in the National Toxic Rule (NTR) and the California Toxic Rule (CTR). 1 Resolution No. 68-16 generally requires that existing water quality be maintained unless degradation is justified based on specific findings. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 3 10. This General Permit does not authorize discharges of fill or dredged material regulated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under CWA § 404 and does not constitute a waiver of water quality certification under CWA § 401. 11. The primary storm water pollutant at construction sites is excess sediment. Excess sediment can cloud the water, which reduces the amount of sunlight reaching aquatic plants, clog fish gills, smother aquatic habitat and spawning areas, and impede navigation in our waterways. Sediment also transports other pollutants such as nutrients, metals, and oils and greases. 12. Construction activities can impact a construction site’s runoff sediment supply and transport characteristics. These modifications, which can occur both during and after the construction phase, are a significant cause of degradation of the beneficial uses established for water bodies in California. Dischargers can avoid these effects through better construction site design and activity practices. 13. This General Permit recognizes four distinct phases of construction activities. The phases are Grading and Land Development Phase, Streets and Utilities Phase, Vertical Construction Phase, and Final Landscaping and Site Stabilization Phase. Each phase has activities that can result in different water quality effects from different water quality pollutants. This General Permit also recognizes inactive construction as a category of construction site type. 14. Compliance with any specific limits or requirements contained in this General Permit does not constitute compliance with any other applicable requirements. 15. Following public notice in accordance with State and Federal laws and regulations, the State Water Board heard and considered all comments and testimony in a public hearing on 06/03/2009. The State Water Board has prepared written responses to all significant comments. 16. Construction activities obtaining coverage under the General Permit may have multiple discharges subject to requirements that are specific to general, linear, and/or active treatment system discharge types. 17. The State Water Board may reopen the permit if the U.S. EPA adopts a final effluent limitation guideline for construction activities. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 4 B. Activities Covered Under the General Permit 18. Any construction or demolition activity, including, but not limited to, clearing, grading, grubbing, or excavation, or any other activity that results in a land disturbance of equal to or greater than one acre. 19. Construction activity that results in land surface disturbances of less than one acre if the construction activity is part of a larger common plan of development or the sale of one or more acres of disturbed land surface. 20. Construction activity related to residential, commercial, or industrial development on lands currently used for agriculture including, but not limited to, the construction of buildings related to agriculture that are considered industrial pursuant to U.S. EPA regulations, such as dairy barns or food processing facilities. 21. Construction activity associated with Linear Underground/Overhead Utility Projects (LUPs) including, but not limited to, those activities necessary for the installation of underground and overhead linear facilities (e.g., conduits, substructures, pipelines, towers, poles, cables, wires, connectors, switching, regulating and transforming equipment and associated ancillary facilities) and include, but are not limited to, underground utility mark-out, potholing, concrete and asphalt cutting and removal, trenching, excavation, boring and drilling, access road and pole/tower pad and cable/wire pull station, substation construction, substructure installation, construction of tower footings and/or foundations, pole and tower installations, pipeline installations, welding, concrete and/or pavement repair or replacement, and stockpile/borrow locations. 22. Discharges of sediment from construction activities associated with oil and gas exploration, production, processing, or treatment operations or transmission facilities.2 23. Storm water discharges from dredge spoil placement that occur outside of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jurisdiction (upland sites) and that disturb one or more acres of land surface from construction activity are covered by this General Permit. Construction sites that intend to disturb one or more acres of land within the jurisdictional boundaries of 2 Pursuant to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ decision in NRDC v. EPA (9th Cir. 2008) 526 F.3d 591, and subsequent denial of the U.S. EPA’s petition for reconsideration in November 2008, oil and gas construction activities discharging storm water contaminated only with sediment are no longer exempt from the NPDES program. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 5 a CWA § 404 permit should contact the appropriate Regional Water Board to determine whether this permit applies to the site. C. Activities Not Covered Under the General Permit 24. Routine maintenance to maintain original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of the facility. 25. Disturbances to land surfaces solely related to agricultural operations such as disking, harrowing, terracing and leveling, and soil preparation. 26. Discharges of storm water from areas on tribal lands; construction on tribal lands is regulated by a federal permit. 27. Construction activity and land disturbance involving discharges of storm water within the Lake Tahoe Hydrologic Unit. The Lahontan Regional Water Board has adopted its own permit to regulate storm water discharges from construction activity in the Lake Tahoe Hydrologic Unit (Regional Water Board 6SLT). Owners of construction sites in this watershed must apply for the Lahontan Regional Water Board permit rather than the statewide Construction General Permit. 28. Construction activity that disturbs less than one acre of land surface, and that is not part of a larger common plan of development or the sale of one or more acres of disturbed land surface. 29. Construction activity covered by an individual NPDES Permit for storm water discharges. 30. Discharges from small (1 to 5 acre) construction activities with an approved Rainfall Erosivity Waiver authorized by U.S. EPA Phase II regulations certifying to the State Board that small construction activity will occur only when the Rainfall Erosivity Factor is less than 5 (“R” in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation). 31. Landfill construction activity that is subject to the Industrial General Permit. 32. Construction activity that discharges to Combined Sewer Systems. 33. Conveyances that discharge storm water runoff combined with municipal sewage. 34. Discharges of storm water identified in CWA § 402(l)(2), 33 U.S.C. § 1342(l)(2). Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 6 35. Discharges occurring in basins that are not tributary or hydrologically connected to waters of the United States (for more information contact your Regional Water Board). D. Obtaining and Modifying General Permit Coverage 36. This General Permit requires all dischargers to electronically file all Permit Registration Documents (PRDs), Notices of Termination (NOT), changes of information, annual reporting, and other compliance documents required by this General Permit through the State Water Board’s Storm water Multi-Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS) website. 37. Any information provided to the Regional Water Board shall comply with the Homeland Security Act and any other federal law that concerns security in the United States; any information that does not comply should not be submitted. 38. This General Permit grants an exception from the Risk Determination requirements for existing sites covered under Water Quality Orders No. 99-08-DWQ, and No. 2003-0007-DWQ. For certain sites, adding additional requirements may not be cost effective. Construction sites covered under Water Quality Order No. 99-08-DWQ shall obtain permit coverage at the Risk Level 1. LUPs covered under Water Quality Order No. 2003-0007-DWQ shall obtain permit coverage as a Type 1 LUP. The Regional Water Boards have the authority to require Risk Determination to be performed on sites currently covered under Water Quality Orders No. 99-08-DWQ and No. 2003-0007-DWQ where they deem it necessary. The State Water Board finds that there are two circumstances when it may be appropriate for the Regional Water Boards to require a discharger that had filed an NOI under State Water Board Order No. 99-08-DWQ to recalculate the site’s risk level. These circumstances are: (1) when the discharger has a demonstrated history of noncompliance with State Water Board Order No. 99-08- DWQ or; (2) when the discharger’s site poses a significant risk of causing or contributing to an exceedance of a water quality standard without the implementation of the additional Risk Level 2 or 3 requirements. E. Prohibitions 39. All discharges are prohibited except for the storm water and non-storm water discharges specifically authorized by this General Permit or another NPDES permit. Non-storm water discharges include a wide variety of sources, including improper dumping, spills, or leakage from storage tanks or transfer areas. Non-storm water discharges may Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 7 contribute significant pollutant loads to receiving waters. Measures to control spills, leakage, and dumping, and to prevent illicit connections during construction must be addressed through structural as well as non-structural Best Management Practices (BMPs)3. The State Water Board recognizes, however, that certain non-storm water discharges may be necessary for the completion of construction. 40. This General Permit prohibits all discharges which contain a hazardous substance in excess of reportable quantities established in 40 C.F.R. §§ 117.3 and 302.4, unless a separate NPDES Permit has been issued to regulate those discharges. 41. This General Permit incorporates discharge prohibitions contained in water quality control plans, as implemented by the State Water Board and the nine Regional Water Boards. 42. Pursuant to the Ocean Plan, discharges to Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS) are prohibited unless covered by an exception that the State Water Board has approved. 43. This General Permit prohibits the discharge of any debris4 from construction sites. Plastic and other trash materials can cause negative impacts to receiving water beneficial uses. The State Water Board encourages the use of more environmentally safe, biodegradable materials on construction sites to minimize the potential risk to water quality. F. Training 44. In order to improve compliance with and to maintain consistent enforcement of this General Permit, all dischargers are required to appoint two positions - the Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) and the Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) - who must obtain appropriate training. Together with the key stakeholders, the State and Regional Water Boards are leading the development of this curriculum through a collaborative organization called The Construction General Permit (CGP) Training Team. 45. The Professional Engineers Act (Bus. & Prof. Code section 6700, et seq.) requires that all engineering work must be performed by a California licensed engineer. 3 BMPs are scheduling of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, and practice to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. 4 Litter, rubble, discarded refuse, and remains of destroyed inorganic anthropogenic waste. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 8 G. Determining and Reducing Risk 46. The risk of accelerated erosion and sedimentation from wind and water depends on a number of factors, including proximity to receiving water bodies, climate, topography, and soil type. 47. This General Permit requires dischargers to assess the risk level of a site based on both sediment transport and receiving water risk. This General Permit contains requirements for Risk Levels 1, 2 and 3, and LUP Risk Type 1, 2, and 3 (Attachment A). Risk levels are established by determining two factors: first, calculating the site's sediment risk; and second, receiving water risk during periods of soil exposure (i.e. grading and site stabilization). Both factors are used to determine the site-specific Risk Level(s). LUPs can be determined to be Type 1 based on the flowchart in Attachment A.1. 48. Although this General Permit does not mandate specific setback distances, dischargers are encouraged to set back their construction activities from streams and wetlands whenever feasible to reduce the risk of impacting water quality (e.g., natural stream stability and habitat function). Because there is a reduced risk to receiving waters when setbacks are used, this General Permit gives credit to setbacks in the risk determination and post-construction storm water performance standards. The risk calculation and runoff reduction mechanisms in this General Permit are expected to facilitate compliance with any Regional Water Board and local agency setback requirements, and to encourage voluntary setbacks wherever practicable. 49. Rain events can occur at any time of the year in California. Therefore, a Rain Event Action Plan (REAP) is necessary for Risk Level 2 and 3 traditional construction projects (LUPs exempt) to ensure that active construction sites have adequate erosion and sediment controls implemented prior to the onset of a storm event, even if construction is planned only during the dry season. 50. Soil particles smaller than 0.02 millimeters (mm) (i.e., finer than medium silt) do not settle easily using conventional measures for sediment control (i.e., sediment basins). Given their long settling time, dislodging these soils results in a significant risk that fine particles will be released into surface waters and cause unacceptable downstream impacts. If operated correctly, an Active Treatment System (ATS5) can prevent or reduce the release of fine particles from construction sites. 5 An ATS is a treatment system that employs chemical coagulation, chemical flocculation, or electro coagulation in order to reduce turbidity caused by fine suspended sediment. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 9 Use of an ATS can effectively reduce a site's risk of impacting receiving waters. 51. Dischargers located in a watershed area where a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) has been adopted or approved by the Regional Water Board or U.S. EPA may be required by a separate Regional Water Board action to implement additional BMPs, conduct additional monitoring activities, and/or comply with an applicable waste load allocation and implementation schedule. Such dischargers may also be required to obtain an individual Regional Water Board permit specific to the area. H. Effluent Standards 52. The State Water Board convened a blue ribbon panel of storm water experts that submitted a report entitled, “The Feasibility of Numeric Effluent Limits Applicable to Discharges of Storm Water Associated with Municipal, Industrial and Construction Activities,” dated June 19, 2006. The panel concluded that numeric limits or action levels are technically feasible to control construction storm water discharges, provided that certain conditions are considered. The panel also concluded that numeric effluent limitations (NELs) are feasible for discharges from construction sites that utilize an ATS. The State Water Board has incorporated the expert panel’s suggestions into this General Permit, which includes numeric action levels (NALs) for pH and turbidity, and special numeric limits for ATS discharges. Determining Compliance with Numeric Limitations 53. This General Permit sets a pH NAL of 6.5 to 8.5, and a turbidity NAL of 250 NTU. The purpose of the NAL and its associated monitoring requirement is to provide operational information regarding the performance of the measures used at the site to minimize the discharge of pollutants and to protect beneficial uses and receiving waters from the adverse effects of construction-related storm water discharges. An exceedance of a NAL does not constitute a violation of this General Permit. 54. This General Permit requires dischargers with NAL exceedances to immediately implement additional BMPs and revise their Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) accordingly to either prevent pollutants and authorized non-storm water discharges from contaminating storm water, or to substantially reduce the pollutants to levels consistently below the NALs. NAL exceedances are reported in the State Water Boards SMARTS system, and the discharger is Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 10 required to provide an NAL Exceedance Report when requested by a Regional Water Board. I. Receiving Water Limitations 55. This General Permit requires all enrolled dischargers to determine the receiving waters potentially affected by their discharges and to comply with all applicable water quality standards, including any more stringent standards applicable to a water body. J. Sampling, Monitoring, Reporting and Record Keeping 56. Visual monitoring of storm water and non-storm water discharges is required for all sites subject to this General Permit. 57. Records of all visual monitoring inspections are required to remain on- site during the construction period and for a minimum of three years. 58. For all Risk Level 3/LUP Type 3 and Risk Level 2/LUP Type 2 sites, this General Permit requires effluent monitoring for pH and turbidity. Sampling, analysis and monitoring requirements for effluent monitoring for pH and turbidity are contained in this General Permit. 59. Risk Level 3 and LUP Type 3 sites with effluent that exceeds the Receiving Water Monitoring Triggers contained in this General Permit and with direct discharges to receiving water are required to conduct receiving water monitoring. An exceedance of a Receiving Water Monitoring Trigger does not constitute a violation of this General Permit. 60. This General Permit establishes a 5 year, 24 hour (expressed in inches of rainfall) as an exemptions to the receiving water monitoring requirements for Risk Level 3 and LUP Type 3 dischargers. 61. If run-on is caused by a forest fire or any other natural disaster, then receiving water monitoring triggers do not apply. 62. For Risk Level 3 and LUP Type 3 sites larger than 30 acres and with direct discharges to receiving waters, this General Permit requires bioassessment sampling before and after site completion to determine if significant degradation to the receiving water’s biota has occurred. Bioassessment sampling guidelines are contained in this General Permit. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 11 63. A summary and evaluation of the sampling and analysis results will be submitted in the Annual Reports. 64. This General Permit contains sampling, analysis and monitoring requirements for non-visible pollutants at all sites subject to this General Permit. 65. Compliance with the General Permit relies upon dischargers to electronically self-report any discharge violations and to comply with any Regional Water Board enforcement actions. 66. This General Permit requires that all dischargers maintain a paper or electronic copy of all required records for three years from the date generated or date submitted, whichever is last. These records must be available at the construction site until construction is completed. For LUPs, these documents may be retained in a crew member’s vehicle and made available upon request. K. Active Treatment System (ATS) Requirements 67. Active treatment systems add chemicals to facilitate flocculation, coagulation and filtration of suspended sediment particles. The uncontrolled release of these chemicals to the environment can negatively affect the beneficial uses of receiving waters and/or degrade water quality (e.g., acute and chronic toxicity). Additionally, the batch storage and treatment of storm water through an ATS' can potentially cause physical impacts on receiving waters if storage volume is inadequate or due to sudden releases of the ATS batches and improperly designed outfalls. 68. If designed, operated and maintained properly an ATS can achieve very high removal rates of suspended sediment (measured as turbidity), albeit at sometimes significantly higher costs than traditional erosion/sediment control practices. As a result, this General Permit establishes NELs consistent with the expected level of typical ATS performance. 69. This General Permit requires discharges of storm water associated with construction activity that undergo active treatment to comply with special operational and effluent limitations to ensure that these discharges do not adversely affect the beneficial uses of the receiving waters or cause degradation of their water quality. 70. For ATS discharges, this General Permit establishes technology-based NELs for turbidity. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 12 71. This General Permit establishes a 10 year, 24 hour (expressed in inches of rainfall) Compliance Storm Event exemption from the technology-based numeric effluent limitations for ATS discharges. Exceedances of the ATS turbidity NEL constitutes a violation of this General Permit. L. Post-Construction Requirements 72. This General Permit includes performance standards for post- construction that are consistent with State Water Board Resolution No. 2005-0006, "Resolution Adopting the Concept of Sustainability as a Core Value for State Water Board Programs and Directing Its Incorporation," and 2008-0030, “Requiring Sustainable Water Resources Management.“ The requirement for all construction sites to match pre-project hydrology will help ensure that the physical and biological integrity of aquatic ecosystems are sustained. This “runoff reduction” approach is analogous in principle to Low Impact Development (LID) and will serve to protect related watersheds and waterbodies from both hydrologic-based and pollution impacts associated with the post-construction landscape. 73. LUP projects are not subject to post-construction requirements due to the nature of their construction to return project sites to pre- construction conditions. M. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan Requirements 74. This General Permit requires the development of a site-specific SWPPP. The SWPPP must include the information needed to demonstrate compliance with all requirements of this General Permit, and must be kept on the construction site and be available for review. The discharger shall ensure that a QSD develops the SWPPP. 75. To ensure proper site oversight, this General Permit requires a Qualified SWPPP Practitioner to oversee implementation of the BMPs required to comply with this General Permit. N. Regional Water Board Authorities 76. Regional Water Boards are responsible for implementation and enforcement of this General Permit. A general approach to permitting is not always suitable for every construction site and environmental circumstances. Therefore, this General Permit recognizes that Regional Water Boards must have some flexibility and authority to alter, approve, exempt, or rescind permit authority granted under this Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 13 General Permit in order to protect the beneficial uses of our receiving waters and prevent degradation of water quality. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 14 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that all dischargers subject to this General Permit shall comply with the following conditions and requirements (including all conditions and requirements as set forth in Attachments A, B, C, D, E and F)6: II. CONDITIONS FOR PERMIT COVERAGE A. Linear Underground/Overhead Projects (LUPs) 1. Linear Underground/Overhead Projects (LUPs) include, but are not limited to, any conveyance, pipe, or pipeline for the transportation of any gaseous, liquid (including water and wastewater for domestic municipal services), liquescent, or slurry substance; any cable line or wire for the transmission of electrical energy; any cable line or wire for communications (e.g. telephone, telegraph, radio or television messages); and associated ancillary facilities. Construction activities associated with LUPs include, but are not limited to, (a) those activities necessary for the installation of underground and overhead linear facilities (e.g., conduits, substructures, pipelines, towers, poles, cables, wires, connectors, switching, regulating and transforming equipment, and associated ancillary facilities); and include, but are not limited to, (b) underground utility mark-out, potholing, concrete and asphalt cutting and removal, trenching, excavation, boring and drilling, access road and pole/tower pad and cable/wire pull station, substation construction, substructure installation, construction of tower footings and/or foundations, pole and tower installations, pipeline installations, welding, concrete and/ or pavement repair or replacement, and stockpile/borrow locations. 2. The Legally Responsible Person is responsible for obtaining coverage under the General Permit where the construction of pipelines, utility lines, fiber-optic cables, or other linear underground/overhead projects will occur across several properties unless the LUP construction activities are covered under another construction storm water permit. 3. Only LUPs shall comply with the conditions and requirements in Attachment A, A.1 & A.2 of this Order. The balance of this Order is not applicable to LUPs except as indicated in Attachment A. 6 These attachments are part of the General Permit itself and are not separate documents that are capable of being updated independently by the State Water Board. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 15 B. Obtaining Permit Coverage Traditional Construction Sites 1. The Legally Responsible Person (LRP) (see Special Provisions, Electronic Signature and Certification Requirements, Section IV.I.1) must obtain coverage under this General Permit. 2. To obtain coverage, the LRP must electronically file Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) prior to the commencement of construction activity. Failure to obtain coverage under this General Permit for storm water discharges to waters of the United States is a violation of the CWA and the California Water Code. 3. PRDs shall consist of: a. Notice of Intent (NOI) b. Risk Assessment (Section VIII) c. Site Map d. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (Section XIV) e. Annual Fee f. Signed Certification Statement Any information provided to the Regional Water Board shall comply with the Homeland Security Act and any other federal law that concerns security in the United States; any information that does not comply should not be submitted. Attachment B contains additional PRD information. Dischargers must electronically file the PRDs, and mail the appropriate annual fee to the State Water Board. 4. This permit is effective on July 1, 2010. a. Dischargers Obtaining Coverage On or After July 1, 2010: All dischargers requiring coverage on or after July 1, 2010, shall electronically file their PRDs prior to the commencement of construction activities, and mail the appropriate annual fee no later than seven days prior to the commencement of construction activities. Permit coverage shall not commence until the PRDs and the annual fee are received by the State Water Board, and a WDID number is assigned and sent by SMARTS. b. Dischargers Covered Under 99-08-DWQ and 2003-0007-DWQ: Existing dischargers subject to State Water Board Order No. 99-08- DWQ (existing dischargers) will continue coverage under 99-08- DWQ until July 1, 2010. After July 1, 2010, all NOIs subject to State Water Board Order No. 99-08-DWQ will be terminated. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 16 Existing dischargers shall electronically file their PRDs no later than July 1, 2010. If an existing discharger’s site acreage subject to the annual fee has changed, it shall mail a revised annual fee no less than seven days after receiving the revised annual fee notification, or else lose permit coverage. All existing dischargers shall be exempt from the risk determination requirements in Section VIII of this General Permit until two years after permit adoption. All existing dischargers are therefore subject to Risk Level 1 requirements regardless of their site’s sediment and receiving water risks. However, a Regional Board retains the authority to require an existing discharger to comply with the Section VIII risk determination requirements. 5. The discharger is only considered covered by this General Permit upon receipt of a Waste Discharger Identification (WDID) number assigned and sent by the State Water Board Storm water Multi-Application and Report Tracking System (SMARTS). In order to demonstrate compliance with this General Permit, the discharger must obtain a WDID number and must present documentation of a valid WDID upon demand. 6. During the period this permit is subject to review by the U.S. EPA, the prior permit (State Water Board Order No. 99-08-DWQ) remains in effect. Existing dischargers under the prior permit will continue to have coverage under State Water Board Order No. 99-08-DWQ until this General Permit takes effect on July 1, 2010. Dischargers who complete their projects and electronically file an NOT prior to July 1, 2010, are not required to obtain coverage under this General Permit. 7. Small Construction Rainfall Erosivity Waiver EPA’s Small Construction Erosivity Waiver applies to sites between one and five acres demonstrating that there are no adverse water quality impacts. Dischargers eligible for a Rainfall Erosivity Waiver based on low erosivity potential shall complete the electronic Notice of Intent (NOI) and Sediment Risk form through the State Water Board’s SMARTS system, certifying that the construction activity will take place during a period when the value of the rainfall erosivity factor is less than five. Where the LRP changes or another LRP is added during construction, the new LRP must also submit a waiver certification through the SMARTS system. If a small construction site continues beyond the projected completion date given on the waiver certification, the LRP shall recalculate the Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 17 rainfall erosivity factor for the new project duration and submit this information through the SMARTS system. If the new R factor is below five (5), the discharger shall update through SMARTS all applicable information on the waiver certification and retain a copy of the revised waiver onsite. The LRP shall submit the new waiver certification 30 days prior to the projected completion date listed on the original waiver form to assure exemption from permitting requirements is uninterrupted. If the new R factor is five (5) or above, the LRP shall be required to apply for coverage under this Order. 8. In the case of a public emergency that requires immediate construction activities, a discharger shall submit a brief description of the emergency construction activity within five days of the onset of construction, and then shall submit all PRDs within thirty days. C. Revising Permit Coverage for Change of Acreage or New Ownership 1. The discharger may reduce or increase the total acreage covered under this General Permit when a portion of the site is complete and/or conditions for termination of coverage have been met (See Section II.D Conditions for Termination of Coverage); when ownership of a portion of the site is sold to a different entity; or when new acreage, subject to this General Permit, is added to the site. 2. Within 30 days of a reduction or increase in total disturbed acreage, the discharger shall electronically file revisions to the PRDs that include: a. A revised NOI indicating the new project size; b. A revised site map showing the acreage of the site completed, acreage currently under construction, acreage sold/transferred or added, and acreage currently stabilized in accordance with the Conditions for Termination of Coverage in Section II.D below. c. SWPPP revisions, as appropriate; and d. Certification that any new landowners have been notified of applicable requirements to obtain General Permit coverage. The certification shall include the name, address, telephone number, and e-mail address of the new landowner. e. If the project acreage has increased, dischargers shall mail payment of revised annual fees within 14 days of receiving the revised annual fee notification. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 18 3. The discharger shall continue coverage under the General Permit for any parcel that has not achieved “Final Stabilization” as defined in Section II.D. 4. When an LRP with active General Permit coverage transfers its LRP status to another person or entity that qualifies as an LRP, the existing LRP shall inform the new LRP of the General Permit’s requirements. In order for the new LRP to continue the construction activity on its parcel of property, the new LRP, or the new LRP’s approved signatory, must submit PRDs in accordance with this General Permit’s requirements. D. Conditions for Termination of Coverage 1. Within 90 days of when construction is complete or ownership has been transferred, the discharger shall electronically file a Notice of Termination (NOT), a final site map, and photos through the State Water Boards SMARTS system. Filing a NOT certifies that all General Permit requirements have been met. The Regional Water Board will consider a construction site complete only when all portions of the site have been transferred to a new owner, or all of the following conditions have been met: a. For purposes of “final stabilization,” the site will not pose any additional sediment discharge risk than it did prior to the commencement of construction activity; b. There is no potential for construction-related storm water pollutants to be discharged into site runoff; c. Final stabilization has been reached; d. Construction materials and wastes have been disposed of properly; e. Compliance with the Post-Construction Standards in Section XIII of this General Permit has been demonstrated; f. Post-construction storm water management measures have been installed and a long-term maintenance plan7 has been established; and g. All construction-related equipment, materials and any temporary BMPs no longer needed are removed from the site. 7 For the purposes of this requirement a long-term maintenance plan will be designed for a minimum of five years, and will describe the procedures to ensure that the post-construction storm water management measures are adequately maintained. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 19 2. The discharger shall certify that final stabilization conditions are satisfied in their NOT. Failure to certify shall result in continuation of permit coverage and annual billing. 3. The NOT must demonstrate through photos, RUSLE or RUSLE2, or results of testing and analysis that the site meets all of the conditions above (Section II.D.1) and the final stabilization condition (Section II.D.1.a) is attained by one of the following methods: a. “70% final cover method,” no computational proof required OR: b. “RUSLE or RUSLE2 method,” computational proof required OR: c. “Custom method”, the discharger shall demonstrate in some other manner than a or b, above, that the site complies with the “final stabilization” requirement in Section II.D.1.a. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 20 III. DISCHARGE PROHIBITIONS A. Dischargers shall not violate any discharge prohibitions contained in applicable Basin Plans or statewide water quality control plans. Waste discharges to Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS) are prohibited by the California Ocean Plan, unless granted an exception issued by the State Water Board. B. All discharges are prohibited except for the storm water and non-storm water discharges specifically authorized by this General Permit or another NPDES permit. C. Authorized non-storm water discharges may include those from de- chlorinated potable water sources such as: fire hydrant flushing, irrigation of vegetative erosion control measures, pipe flushing and testing, water to control dust, uncontaminated ground water from dewatering, and other discharges not subject to a separate general NPDES permit adopted by a Regional Water Board. The discharge of non-storm water is authorized under the following conditions: 1. The discharge does not cause or contribute to a violation of any water quality standard; 2. The discharge does not violate any other provision of this General Permit; 3. The discharge is not prohibited by the applicable Basin Plan; 4. The discharger has included and implemented specific BMPs required by this General Permit to prevent or reduce the contact of the non- storm water discharge with construction materials or equipment. 5. The discharge does not contain toxic constituents in toxic amounts or (other) significant quantities of pollutants; 6. The discharge is monitored and meets the applicable NALs; and 7. The discharger reports the sampling information in the Annual Report. If any of the above conditions are not satisfied, the discharge is not authorized by this General Permit. The discharger shall notify the Regional Water Board of any anticipated non-storm water discharges not already authorized by this General Permit or another NPDES permit, to determine whether a separate NPDES permit is necessary. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 21 D. Debris resulting from construction activities are prohibited from being discharged from construction sites. E. When soil contamination is found or suspected and a responsible party is not identified, or the responsible party fails to promptly take the appropriate action, the discharger shall have those soils sampled and tested to ensure proper handling and public safety measures are implemented. The discharger shall notify the appropriate local, State, and federal agency(ies) when contaminated soil is found at a construction site, and will notify the appropriate Regional Water Board. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 22 IV. SPECIAL PROVISIONS A. Duty to Comply 1. The discharger shall comply with all of the conditions of this General Permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act and is grounds for enforcement action and/or removal from General Permit coverage. 2. The discharger shall comply with effluent standards or prohibitions established under Section 307(a) of the CWA for toxic pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish these standards or prohibitions, even if this General Permit has not yet been modified to incorporate the requirement. B. General Permit Actions 1. This General Permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the discharger for a General Permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance does not annul any General Permit condition. 2. If any toxic effluent standard or prohibition (including any schedule of compliance specified in such effluent standard or prohibition) is promulgated under Section 307(a) of the CWA for a toxic pollutant which is present in the discharge and that standard or prohibition is more stringent than any limitation on the pollutant in this General Permit, this General Permit shall be modified or revoked and reissued to conform to the toxic effluent standard or prohibition and the dischargers so notified. C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity Not a Defense It shall not be a defense for a discharger in an enforcement action that it would have been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to maintain compliance with the conditions of this General Permit. D. Duty to Mitigate The discharger shall take all responsible steps to minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this General Permit, which has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the environment. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 23 E. Proper Operation and Maintenance The discharger shall at all times properly operate and maintain any facilities and systems of treatment and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by the discharger to achieve compliance with the conditions of this General Permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes adequate laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures. Proper operation and maintenance may require the operation of backup or auxiliary facilities or similar systems installed by a discharger when necessary to achieve compliance with the conditions of this General Permit. F. Property Rights This General Permit does not convey any property rights of any sort or any exclusive privileges, nor does it authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal rights, nor does it authorize any infringement of Federal, State, or local laws or regulations. G. Duty to Maintain Records and Provide Information 1. The discharger shall maintain a paper or electronic copy of all required records, including a copy of this General Permit, for three years from the date generated or date submitted, whichever is last. These records shall be available at the construction site until construction is completed. 2. The discharger shall furnish the Regional Water Board, State Water Board, or U.S. EPA, within a reasonable time, any requested information to determine compliance with this General Permit. The discharger shall also furnish, upon request, copies of records that are required to be kept by this General Permit. H. Inspection and Entry The discharger shall allow the Regional Water Board, State Water Board, U.S. EPA, and/or, in the case of construction sites which discharge through a municipal separate storm sewer, an authorized representative of the municipal operator of the separate storm sewer system receiving the discharge, upon the presentation of credentials and other documents as may be required by law, to: 1. Enter upon the discharger’s premises at reasonable times where a regulated construction activity is being conducted or where records must be kept under the conditions of this General Permit; Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 24 2. Access and copy at reasonable times any records that must be kept under the conditions of this General Permit; 3. Inspect at reasonable times the complete construction site, including any off-site staging areas or material storage areas, and the erosion/sediment controls; and 4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times for the purpose of ensuring General Permit compliance. I. Electronic Signature and Certification Requirements 1. All Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) and Notices of Termination (NOTs) shall be electronically signed, certified, and submitted via SMARTS to the State Water Board. Either the Legally Responsible Person (LRP), as defined in Appendix 5 – Glossary, or a person legally authorized to sign and certify PRDs and NOTs on behalf of the LRP (the LRP’s Approved Signatory, as defined in Appendix 5 - Glossary) must submit all information electronically via SMARTS. 2. Changes to Authorization. If an Approved Signatory’s authorization is no longer accurate, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section must be submitted via SMARTS prior to or together with any reports, information or applications to be signed by an Approved Signatory. 3. All Annual Reports, or other information required by the General Permit (other than PRDs and NOTs) or requested by the Regional Water Board, State Water Board, U.S. EPA, or local storm water management agency shall be certified and submitted by the LRP or the LRP’s Approved Signatory. J. Certification Any person signing documents under Section IV.I above, shall make the following certification: "I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the information submitted is, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations." Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 25 K. Anticipated Noncompliance The discharger shall give advance notice to the Regional Water Board and local storm water management agency of any planned changes in the construction activity, which may result in noncompliance with General Permit requirements. L. Bypass Bypass8 is prohibited. The Regional Water Board may take enforcement action against the discharger for bypass unless: 1. Bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property damage;9 2. There were no feasible alternatives to bypass, such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities, retention of untreated waste, or maintenance during normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should have been installed in the exercise of reasonable engineering judgment to prevent a bypass that could occur during normal periods of equipment downtime or preventative maintenance; 3. The discharger submitted a notice at least ten days in advance of the need for a bypass to the Regional Water Board; or 4. The discharger may allow a bypass to occur that does not cause effluent limitations to be exceeded, but only if it is for essential maintenance to assure efficient operation. In such a case, the above bypass conditions are not applicable. The discharger shall submit notice of an unanticipated bypass as required. M. Upset 1. A discharger that wishes to establish the affirmative defense of an upset10 in an action brought for noncompliance shall demonstrate, 8 The intentional diversion of waste streams from any portion of a treatment facility 9 Severe property damage means substantial physical damage to property, damage to the treatment facilities that causes them to become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural resources that can reasonably be expected to occur in the absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean economic loss caused by delays in production. 10 An exceptional incident in which there is unintentional and temporary noncompliance the technology based numeric effluent limitations because of factors beyond the reasonable control of the discharger. An upset does not include noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error, improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment facilities, lack of preventative maintenance, or careless or improper operation. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 26 through properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs, or other relevant evidence that: a. An upset occurred and that the discharger can identify the cause(s) of the upset b. The treatment facility was being properly operated by the time of the upset c. The discharger submitted notice of the upset as required; and d. The discharger complied with any remedial measures required 2. No determination made before an action of noncompliance occurs, such as during administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by an upset, is final administrative action subject to judicial review. 3. In any enforcement proceeding, the discharger seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of proof N. Penalties for Falsification of Reports Section 309(c)(4) of the CWA provides that any person who knowingly makes any false material statement, representation, or certification in any record or other document submitted or required to be maintained under this General Permit, including reports of compliance or noncompliance shall upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or by imprisonment for not more than two years or by both. O. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability Nothing in this General Permit shall be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or relieve the discharger from any responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties to which the discharger is or may be subject to under Section 311 of the CWA. P. Severability The provisions of this General Permit are severable; and, if any provision of this General Permit or the application of any provision of this General Permit to any circumstance is held invalid, the application of such provision to other circumstances and the remainder of this General Permit shall not be affected thereby. Q. Reopener Clause Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 27 This General Permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated for cause due to promulgation of amended regulations, receipt of U.S. EPA guidance concerning regulated activities, judicial decision, or in accordance with 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 122.62, 122.63, 122.64, and 124.5. R. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions 1. Section 309 of the CWA provides significant penalties for any person who violates a permit condition implementing Sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the CWA or any permit condition or limitation implementing any such section in a permit issued under Section 402. Any person who violates any permit condition of this General Permit is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $37,50011 per calendar day of such violation, as well as any other appropriate sanction provided by Section 309 of the CWA. 2. The Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act also provides for civil and criminal penalties, which in some cases are greater than those under the CWA. S. Transfers This General Permit is not transferable. T. Continuation of Expired Permit This General Permit continues in force and effect until a new General Permit is issued or the SWRCB rescinds this General Permit. Only those dischargers authorized to discharge under the expiring General Permit are covered by the continued General Permit. 11 May be further adjusted in accordance with the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 28 V. EFFLUENT STANDARDS & RECEIVING WATER MONITORING A. Narrative Effluent Limitations 1. Storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges regulated by this General Permit shall not contain a hazardous substance equal to or in excess of reportable quantities established in 40 C.F.R. §§ 117.3 and 302.4, unless a separate NPDES Permit has been issued to regulate those discharges. 2. Dischargers shall minimize or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges through the use of controls, structures, and management practices that achieve BAT for toxic and non-conventional pollutants and BCT for conventional pollutants. Table 1- Numeric Action Levels, Test Methods, Detection Limits, and Reporting Units Parameter Test Method Discharge Type Min. Detection Limit Units Numeric Action Level pH Field test with calibrated portable instrument Risk Level 2 0.2 pH units lower NAL = 6.5 upper NAL = 8.5 Risk Level 3 lower NAL = 6.5 upper NAL = 8.5 Turbidity EPA 0180.1 and/or field test with calibrated portable instrument Risk Level 2 1 NTU 250 NTU Risk Level 3 250 NTU B. Numeric Action Levels (NALs) 1. For Risk Level 2 and 3 dischargers, the lower storm event average NAL for pH is 6.5 pH units and the upper storm event average NAL for Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 29 pH is 8.5 pH units. The discharger shall take actions as described below if the discharge is outside of this range of pH values. 2. For Risk Level 2 and 3 dischargers, the NAL storm event daily average for turbidity is 250 NTU. The discharger shall take actions as described below if the discharge is outside of this range of turbidity values. 3. Whenever the results from a storm event daily average indicate that the discharge is below the lower NAL for pH, exceeds the upper NAL for pH, or exceeds the turbidity NAL (as listed in Table 1), the discharger shall conduct a construction site and run-on evaluation to determine whether pollutant source(s) associated with the site’s construction activity may have caused or contributed to the NAL exceedance and shall immediately implement corrective actions if they are needed. 4. The site evaluation shall be documented in the SWPPP and specifically address whether the source(s) of the pollutants causing the exceedance of the NAL: a. Are related to the construction activities and whether additional BMPs are required to (1) meet BAT/BCT requirements; (2) reduce or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges from causing exceedances of receiving water objectives; and (3) determine what corrective action(s) were taken or will be taken and with a description of the schedule for completion. AND/OR: b. Are related to the run-on associated with the construction site location and whether additional BMPs measures are required to (1) meet BAT/BCT requirements; (2) reduce or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges from causing exceedances of receiving water objectives; and (3) what corrective action(s) were taken or will be taken with a description of the schedule for completion. C. Receiving Water Monitoring Triggers 1. The receiving water monitoring triggers for Risk Level 3 dischargers with direct discharges to surface waters are triggered when the daily average effluent pH values during any site phase when there is a high risk of pH discharge12 fall outside of the range of 6.0 and 9.0 pH units, or when the daily average effluent turbidity exceeds 500 NTU. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 30 2. Risk Level 3 dischargers with with direct discharges to surface waters shall conduct receiving water monitoring whenever their effluent monitoring results exceed the receiving water monitoring triggers. If the pH trigger is exceeded, the receiving water shall be monitored for pH for the duration of coverage under this General Permit. If the turbidity trigger is exceeded, the receiving water shall be monitored for turbidity and SSC for the duration of coverage under this general permit. 3. Risk Level 3 dischargers with direct discharges to surfaces waters shall initiate receiving water monitoring when the triggers are exceeded unless the storm event causing the exceedance is determined after the fact to equal to or greater than the 5-year 24-hour storm (expressed in inches of rainfall) as determined by using these maps: http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpnfreq/nca5y24.gif http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpnfreq/sca5y24.gif Verification of the 5-year 24-hour storm event shall be done by reporting on-site rain gauge readings as well as nearby governmental rain gauge readings. 4. If run-on is caused by a forest fire or any other natural disaster, then receiving water monitoring triggers do not apply. 12 A period of high risk of pH discharge is defined as a project's complete utilities phase, complete vertical build phase, and any portion of any phase where significant amounts of materials are placed directly on the land at the site in a manner that could result in significant alterations of the background pH of the discharges. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 31 VI. RECEIVING WATER LIMITATIONS A. The discharger shall ensure that storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges to any surface or ground water will not adversely affect human health or the environment. B. The discharger shall ensure that storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges will not contain pollutants in quantities that threaten to cause pollution or a public nuisance. C. The discharger shall ensure that storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges will not contain pollutants that cause or contribute to an exceedance of any applicable water quality objectives or water quality standards (collectively, WQS) contained in a Statewide Water Quality Control Plan, the California Toxics Rule, the National Toxics Rule, or the applicable Regional Water Board’s Water Quality Control Plan (Basin Plan). D. Dischargers located within the watershed of a CWA § 303(d) impaired water body, for which a TMDL has been approved by the U.S. EPA, shall comply with the approved TMDL if it identifies “construction activity” or land disturbance as a source of the pollution. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 32 VII. TRAINING QUALIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS A. General The discharger shall ensure that all persons responsible for implementing requirements of this General Permit shall be appropriately trained in accordance with this Section. Training should be both formal and informal, occur on an ongoing basis, and should include training offered by recognized governmental agencies or professional organizations. Those responsible for preparing and amending SWPPPs shall comply with the requirements in this Section VII. The discharger shall provide documentation of all training for persons responsible for implementing the requirements of this General Permit in the Annual Reports. B. SWPPP Certification Requirements 1. Qualified SWPPP Developer: The discharger shall ensure that SWPPPs are written, amended and certified by a Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD). A QSD shall have one of the following registrations or certifications, and appropriate experience, as required for: a. A California registered professional civil engineer; b. A California registered professional geologist or engineering geologist; c. A California registered landscape architect; d. A professional hydrologist registered through the American Institute of Hydrology; e. A Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC) TM registered through Enviro Cert International, Inc.; f. A Certified Professional in Storm Water Quality (CPSWQ) TM registered through Enviro Cert International, Inc.; or g. A professional in erosion and sediment control registered through the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET). Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 33 Effective two years after the adoption date of this General Permit, a QSD shall have attended a State Water Board-sponsored or approved QSD training course. 2. The discharger shall list the name and telephone number of the currently designated Qualified SWPPP Developer(s) in the SWPPP. 3. Qualified SWPPP Practitioner: The discharger shall ensure that all BMPs required by this General Permit are implemented by a Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP). A QSP is a person responsible for non- storm water and storm water visual observations, sampling and analysis. Effective two years from the date of adoption of this General Permit, a QSP shall be either a QSD or have one of the following certifications: a. A certified erosion, sediment and storm water inspector registered through Enviro Cert International, Inc.; or b. A certified inspector of sediment and erosion control registered through Certified Inspector of Sediment and Erosion Control, Inc. Effective two years after the adoption date of this General Permit, a QSP shall have attended a State Water Board-sponsored or approved QSP training course. 4. The LRP shall list in the SWPPP, the name of any Approved Signatory, and provide a copy of the written agreement or other mechanism that provides this authority from the LRP in the SWPPP. 5. The discharger shall include, in the SWPPP, a list of names of all contractors, subcontractors, and individuals who will be directed by the Qualified SWPPP Practitioner. This list shall include telephone numbers and work addresses. Specific areas of responsibility of each subcontractor and emergency contact numbers shall also be included. 6. The discharger shall ensure that the SWPPP and each amendment will be signed by the Qualified SWPPP Developer. The discharger shall include a listing of the date of initial preparation and the date of each amendment in the SWPPP. VIII. RISK DETERMINATION The discharger shall calculate the site's sediment risk and receiving water risk during periods of soil exposure (i.e. grading and site stabilization) and use the calculated risks to determine a Risk Level(s) using the methodology in Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 34 Appendix 1. For any site that spans two or more planning watersheds,13 the discharger shall calculate a separate Risk Level for each planning watershed. The discharger shall notify the State Water Board of the site’s Risk Level determination(s) and shall include this determination as a part of submitting the PRDs. If a discharger ends up with more than one Risk Level determination, the Regional Water Board may choose to break the project into separate levels of implementation. IX. RISK LEVEL 1 REQUIREMENTS Risk Level 1 Dischargers shall comply with the requirements included in Attachment C of this General Permit. X. RISK LEVEL 2 REQUIREMENTS Risk Level 2 Dischargers shall comply with the requirements included in Attachment D of this General Permit. XI. RISK LEVEL 3 REQUIREMENTS Risk Level 3 Dischargers shall comply with the requirements included in Attachment E of this General Permit. XII. ACTIVE TREATMENT SYSTEMS (ATS) Dischargers choosing to implement an ATS on their site shall comply with all of the requirements in Attachment F of this General Permit. 13 Planning watershed: defined by the Calwater Watershed documents as a watershed that ranges in size from approximately 3,000 to 10,000 acres http://cain.ice.ucdavis.edu/calwater/calwfaq.html, http://gis.ca.gov/catalog/BrowseRecord.epl?id=22175 . Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 35 XIII. POST-CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS A. All dischargers shall comply with the following runoff reduction requirements unless they are located within an area subject to post- construction standards of an active Phase I or II municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) permit that has an approved Storm Water Management Plan. 1. This provision shall take effect three years from the adoption date of this permit, or later at the discretion of the Executive Officer of the Regional Board. 2. The discharger shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this section by submitting with their NOI a map and worksheets in accordance with the instructions in Appendix 2. The discharger shall use non-structural controls unless the discharger demonstrates that non-structural controls are infeasible or that structural controls will produce greater reduction in water quality impacts. 3. The discharger shall, through the use of non-structural and structural measures as described in Appendix 2, replicate the pre-project water balance (for this permit, defined as the volume of rainfall that ends up as runoff) for the smallest storms up to the 85th percentile storm event (or the smallest storm event that generates runoff, whichever is larger). Dischargers shall inform Regional Water Board staff at least 30 days prior to the use of any structural control measure used to comply with this requirement. Volume that cannot be addressed using non- structural practices shall be captured in structural practices and approved by the Regional Water Board. When seeking Regional Board approval for the use of structural practices, dischargers shall document the infeasibility of using non-structural practices on the project site, or document that there will be fewer water quality impacts through the use of structural practices. 4. For sites whose disturbed area exceeds two acres, the discharger shall preserve the pre-construction drainage density (miles of stream length per square mile of drainage area) for all drainage areas within the area serving a first order stream14 or larger stream and ensure that post- project time of runoff concentration is equal or greater than pre-project time of concentration. 14 A first order stream is defined as a stream with no tributaries. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 36 B. All dischargers shall implement BMPs to reduce pollutants in storm water discharges that are reasonably foreseeable after all construction phases have been completed at the site (Post-construction BMPs). Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 37 XIV. SWPPP REQUIREMENTS A. The discharger shall ensure that the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs) for all traditional project sites are developed and amended or revised by a QSD. The SWPPP shall be designed to address the following objectives: 1. All pollutants and their sources, including sources of sediment associated with construction, construction site erosion and all other activities associated with construction activity are controlled; 2. Where not otherwise required to be under a Regional Water Board permit, all non-storm water discharges are identified and either eliminated, controlled, or treated; 3. Site BMPs are effective and result in the reduction or elimination of pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges from construction activity to the BAT/BCT standard; 4. Calculations and design details as well as BMP controls for site run-on are complete and correct, and 5. Stabilization BMPs installed to reduce or eliminate pollutants after construction are completed. B. To demonstrate compliance with requirements of this General Permit, the QSD shall include information in the SWPPP that supports the conclusions, selections, use, and maintenance of BMPs. C. The discharger shall make the SWPPP available at the construction site during working hours while construction is occurring and shall be made available upon request by a State or Municipal inspector. When the original SWPPP is retained by a crewmember in a construction vehicle and is not currently at the construction site, current copies of the BMPs and map/drawing will be left with the field crew and the original SWPPP shall be made available via a request by radio/telephone. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 38 XV. REGIONAL WATER BOARD AUTHORITIES A. In the case where the Regional Water Board does not agree with the discharger’s self-reported risk level (e.g., they determine themselves to be a Level 1 Risk when they are actually a Level 2 Risk site), Regional Water Boards may either direct the discharger to reevaluate the Risk Level(s) for their site or terminate coverage under this General Permit. B. Regional Water Boards may terminate coverage under this General Permit for dischargers who fail to comply with its requirements or where they determine that an individual NPDES permit is appropriate. C. Regional Water Boards may require dischargers to submit a Report of Waste Discharge / NPDES permit application for Regional Water Board consideration of individual requirements. D. Regional Water Boards may require additional Monitoring and Reporting Program Requirements, including sampling and analysis of discharges to sediment-impaired water bodies. E. Regional Water Boards may require dischargers to retain records for more than the three years required by this General Permit. Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 39 XVI. ANNUAL REPORTING REQUIREMENTS A. All dischargers shall prepare and electronically submit an Annual Report no later than September 1 of each year. B. The discharger shall certify each Annual Report in accordance with the Special Provisions. C. The discharger shall retain an electronic or paper copy of each Annual Report for a minimum of three years after the date the annual report is filed. D. The discharger shall include storm water monitoring information in the Annual Report consisting of: 1. a summary and evaluation of all sampling and analysis results, including copies of laboratory reports; 2. the analytical method(s), method reporting unit(s), and method detection limit(s) of each analytical parameter (analytical results that are less than the method detection limit shall be reported as "less than the method detection limit"); 3. a summary of all corrective actions taken during the compliance year; 4. identification of any compliance activities or corrective actions that were not implemented; 5. a summary of all violations of the General Permit; 6. the names of individual(s) who performed the facility inspections, sampling, visual observation (inspections), and/or measurements; 7. the date, place, time of facility inspections, sampling, visual observation (inspections), and/or measurements, including precipitation (rain gauge); and 8. the visual observation and sample collection exception records and reports specified in Attachments C, D, and E. E. The discharger shall provide training information in the Annual Report consisting of: 1. documentation of all training for individuals responsible for all activities associated with compliance with this General Permit; Order 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 40 2. documentation of all training for individuals responsible for BMP installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair; and 3. documentation of all training for individuals responsible for overseeing, revising, and amending the SWPPP. ATTACHMENT B 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 1 ATTACHMENT B PERMIT REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS (PRDs) TO COMPLY WITH THE TERMS OF THE GENERAL PERMIT TO DISCHARGE STORM WATER ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS A. All Linear Construction Projects shall comply with the PRD requirements in Attachment A.2 of this Order. B. Who Must Submit Discharges of storm water associated with construction that results in the disturbance of one acre or more of land must apply for coverage under the General Construction Storm Water Permit (General Permit). Any construction activity that is a part of a larger common plan of development or sale must also be permitted, regardless of size. (For example, if 0.5 acre of a 20-acre subdivision is disturbed by the construction activities of discharger A and the remaining 19.5 acres is to be developed by discharger B, discharger A must obtain a General Storm Water Permit for the 0.5 acre project). Other discharges from construction activities that are covered under this General Permit can be found in the General Permit Section II.B. It is the LRP’s responsibility to obtain coverage under this General Permit by electronically submitting complete PRDs (Permit Registration Documents). In all cases, the proper procedures for submitting the PRDs must be completed before construction can commence. C. Construction Activity Not Covered By This General Permit Discharges from construction that are not covered under this General Permit can be found in the General Permit Sections II.A &B.. D. Annual Fees and Fee Calculation Annual fees are calculated based upon the total area of land to be disturbed not the total size of the acreage owned. However, the calculation includes all acres to be disturbed during the duration of the project. For example, if 10 acres are scheduled to be disturbed the first year and 10 in each subsequent year for 5 years, the annual fees would be based upon 50 acres of disturbance. The State Water Board will evaluate adding acreage to an existing Permit Waste Discharge Identification (WDID) number on a case-by-case basis. In general, any acreage to be considered must be contiguous to the permitted land area and the existing ATTACHMENT B 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 2 SWPPP must be appropriate for the construction activity and topography of the acreage under consideration. As acreage is built out and stabilized or sold, the Change of Information (COI) form enables the applicant to remove those acres from inclusion in the annual fee calculation. Checks should be made payable to: State Water Board. The Annual fees are established through regulations adopted by the State Water Board. The total annual fee is the current base fee plus applicable surcharges for all construction sites submitting an NOI, based on the total acreage to be disturbed during the life of the project. Annual fees are subject to change by regulation. Dischargers that apply for and satisfy the Small Construction Erosivity Wavier requirements shall pay a fee of $200.00 plus an applicable surcharge, see the General Permit Section II.B.7. E. When to Apply LRP’s proposing to conduct construction activities subject to this General Permit must submit their PRDs prior to the commencement of construction activity. F. Requirements for Completing Permit Registration Documents (PRDs) All dischargers required to comply with this General Permit shall electronically submit the required PRDs for their type of construction as defined below. G. Standard PRD Requirements (All Dischargers) 1. Notice of Intent 2. Risk Assessment (Standard or Site-Specific) 3. Site Map 4. SWPPP 5. Annual Fee 6. Certification H. Additional PRD Requirements Related to Construction Type 1. Discharger in unincorporated areas of the State (not covered under an adopted Phase I or II SUSMP requirements) and that are not a linear project shall also submit a completed: a. Post-Construction Water Balance Calculator (Appendix 2). 2. Dischargers who are proposing to implement ATS shall submit: a. Complete ATS Plan in accordance with Attachment F at least 14 days prior to the planned operation of the ATS and a paper copy shall be available onsite during ATS operation. ATTACHMENT B 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 3 b. Certification proof that design done by a professional in accordance with Attachment F. 3. Dischargers who are proposing an alternate Risk Justification: a. Particle Size Analysis. I. Exceptions to Standard PRD Requirements Construction sites with an R value less than 5 as determined in the Risk Assessment are not required to submit a SWPPP. J. Description of PRDs 1. Notice of Intent (NOI) 2. Site Map(s) Includes: a. The project’s surrounding area (vicinity) b. Site layout c. Construction site boundaries d. Drainage areas e. Discharge locations f. Sampling locations g. Areas of soil disturbance (temporary or permanent) h. Active areas of soil disturbance (cut or fill) i. Locations of all runoff BMPs j. Locations of all erosion control BMPs k. Locations of all sediment control BMPs l. ATS location (if applicable) m. Locations of sensitive habitats, watercourses, or other features which are not to be disturbed n. Locations of all post-construction BMPs o. Locations of storage areas for waste, vehicles, service, loading/unloading of materials, access (entrance/exits) points to construction site, fueling, and water storage, water transfer for dust control and compaction practices 3. SWPPPs A site-specific SWPPP shall be developed by each discharger and shall be submitted with the PRDs. 4. Risk Assessment All dischargers shall use the Risk Assessment procedure as describe in the General Permit Appendix 1. a. The Standard Risk Assessment includes utilization of the following: i. Receiving water Risk Assessment interactive map ATTACHMENT B 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 4 ii. EPA Rainfall Erosivity Factor Calculator Website iii. Sediment Risk interactive map iv. Sediment sensitive water bodies list b. The Site-Specific Risk Assessment includes the completion of the hand calculated R value Risk Calculator 5. Post-Construction Water Balance Calculator All dischargers subject to this requirement shall complete the Water Balance Calculator (in Appendix 2) in accordance with the instructions. 6. ATS Design Document and Certification All dischargers using ATS must submit electronically their system design (as well as any supporting documentation) and proof that the system was designed by a qualified ATS design professional (See Attachment F). To obtain coverage under the General Permit PRDs must be included and completed. If any of the required items are missing, the PRD submittal is considered incomplete and will be rejected. Upon receipt of a complete PRD submittal, the State Water Board will process the application package in the order received and assign a (WDID) number. Questions? If you have any questions on completing the PRDs please email stormwater@waterboards.ca.gov or call (866) 563-3107. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 1 ATTACHMENT C RISK LEVEL 1 REQUIREMENTS A. Effluent Standards [These requirements are the same as those in the General Permit order.] 1. Narrative – Risk Level 1 dischargers shall comply with the narrative effluent standards listed below: a. Storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges regulated by this General Permit shall not contain a hazardous substance equal to or in excess of reportable quantities established in 40 C.F.R. §§ 117.3 and 302.4, unless a separate NPDES Permit has been issued to regulate those discharges. b. Dischargers shall minimize or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges through the use of controls, structures, and management practices that achieve BAT for toxic and non-conventional pollutants and BCT for conventional pollutants. 2. Numeric – Risk Level 1 dischargers are not subject to a numeric effluent standard. B. Good Site Management "Housekeeping" 1. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement good site management (i.e., "housekeeping") measures for construction materials that could potentially be a threat to water quality if discharged. At a minimum, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement the following good housekeeping measures: a. Conduct an inventory of the products used and/or expected to be used and the end products that are produced and/or expected to be produced. This does not include materials and equipment that are designed to be outdoors and exposed to environmental conditions (i.e. poles, equipment pads, cabinets, conductors, insulators, bricks, etc.). b. Cover and berm loose stockpiled construction materials that are not actively being used (i.e. soil, spoils, aggregate, fly-ash, stucco, hydrated lime, etc.). ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 2 c. Store chemicals in watertight containers (with appropriate secondary containment to prevent any spillage or leakage) or in a storage shed (completely enclosed). d. Minimize exposure of construction materials to precipitation. This does not include materials and equipment that are designed to be outdoors and exposed to environmental conditions (i.e. poles, equipment pads, cabinets, conductors, insulators, bricks, etc.). e. Implement BMPs to prevent the off-site tracking of loose construction and landscape materials. 2. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement good housekeeping measures for waste management, which, at a minimum, shall consist of the following: a. Prevent disposal of any rinse or wash waters or materials on impervious or pervious site surfaces or into the storm drain system. b. Ensure the containment of sanitation facilities (e.g., portable toilets) to prevent discharges of pollutants to the storm water drainage system or receiving water. c. Clean or replace sanitation facilities and inspecting them regularly for leaks and spills. d. Cover waste disposal containers at the end of every business day and during a rain event. e. Prevent discharges from waste disposal containers to the storm water drainage system or receiving water. f. Contain and securely protect stockpiled waste material from wind and rain at all times unless actively being used. g. Implement procedures that effectively address hazardous and non- hazardous spills. h. Develop a spill response and implementation element of the SWPPP prior to commencement of construction activities. The SWPPP shall require that: i. Equipment and materials for cleanup of spills shall be available on site and that spills and leaks shall be cleaned up immediately and disposed of properly; and ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 3 ii. Appropriate spill response personnel are assigned and trained. i. Ensure the containment of concrete washout areas and other washout areas that may contain additional pollutants so there is no discharge into the underlying soil and onto the surrounding areas. 3. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement good housekeeping for vehicle storage and maintenance, which, at a minimum, shall consist of the following: a. Prevent oil, grease, or fuel to leak in to the ground, storm drains or surface waters. b. Place all equipment or vehicles, which are to be fueled, maintained and stored in a designated area fitted with appropriate BMPs. c. Clean leaks immediately and disposing of leaked materials properly. 4. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement good housekeeping for landscape materials, which, at a minimum, shall consist of the following: a. Contain stockpiled materials such as mulches and topsoil when they are not actively being used. b. Contain fertilizers and other landscape materials when they are not actively being used. c. Discontinue the application of any erodible landscape material within 2 days before a forecasted rain event or during periods of precipitation. d. Apply erodible landscape material at quantities and application rates according to manufacture recommendations or based on written specifications by knowledgeable and experienced field personnel. e. Stack erodible landscape material on pallets and covering or storing such materials when not being used or applied. 5. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall conduct an assessment and create a list of potential pollutant sources and identify any areas of the site where additional BMPs are necessary to reduce or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges. This potential pollutant list shall be kept with the SWPPP and shall identify ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 4 all non-visible pollutants which are known, or should be known, to occur on the construction site. At a minimum, when developing BMPs, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall do the following: a. Consider the quantity, physical characteristics (e.g., liquid, powder, solid), and locations of each potential pollutant source handled, produced, stored, recycled, or disposed of at the site. b. Consider the degree to which pollutants associated with those materials may be exposed to and mobilized by contact with storm water. c. Consider the direct and indirect pathways that pollutants may be exposed to storm water or authorized non-storm water discharges. This shall include an assessment of past spills or leaks, non-storm water discharges, and discharges from adjoining areas. d. Ensure retention of sampling, visual observation, and inspection records. e. Ensure effectiveness of existing BMPs to reduce or prevent pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges. 6. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement good housekeeping measures on the construction site to control the air deposition of site materials and from site operations. Such particulates can include, but are not limited to, sediment, nutrients, trash, metals, bacteria, oil and grease and organics. C. Non-Storm Water Management 1. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement measures to control all non- storm water discharges during construction. 2. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall wash vehicles in such a manner as to prevent non-storm water discharges to surface waters or MS4 drainage systems. 3. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall clean streets in such a manner as to prevent unauthorized non-storm water discharges from reaching surface water or MS4 drainage systems. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 5 D. Erosion Control 1. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall implement effective wind erosion control. 2. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall provide effective soil cover for inactive1 areas and all finished slopes, open space, utility backfill, and completed lots. 3. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall limit the use of plastic materials when more sustainable, environmentally friendly alternatives exist. Where plastic materials are deemed necessary, the discharger shall consider the use of plastic materials resistant to solar degradation. E. Sediment Controls 1. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall establish and maintain effective perimeter controls and stabilize all construction entrances and exits to sufficiently control erosion and sediment discharges from the site. 2. On sites where sediment basins are to be used, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall, at minimum, design sediment basins according to the method provided in CASQA’s Construction BMP Guidance Handbook. F. Run-on and Runoff Controls Risk Level 1 dischargers shall effectively manage all run-on, all runoff within the site and all runoff that discharges off the site. Run-on from off site shall be directed away from all disturbed areas or shall collectively be in compliance with the effluent limitations in this General Permit. G. Inspection, Maintenance and Repair 1. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall ensure that all inspection, maintenance repair and sampling activities at the project location shall be performed or supervised by a Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) representing the discharger. The QSP may delegate any or all of these activities to an employee trained to do the task(s) appropriately, but shall ensure adequate deployment. 2. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall perform weekly inspections and observations, and at least once each 24-hour period during extended 1 Inactive areas of construction are areas of construction activity that have been disturbed and are not scheduled to be re-disturbed for at least 14 days. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 6 storm events, to identify and record BMPs that need maintenance to operate effectively, that have failed, or that could fail to operate as intended. Inspectors shall be the QSP or be trained by the QSP. 3. Upon identifying failures or other shortcomings, as directed by the QSP, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall begin implementing repairs or design changes to BMPs within 72 hours of identification and complete the changes as soon as possible. 4. For each inspection required, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall complete an inspection checklist, using a form provided by the State Water Board or Regional Water Board or in an alternative format. 5. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall ensure that checklists shall remain onsite with the SWPPP and at a minimum, shall include: a. Inspection date and date the inspection report was written. b. Weather information, including presence or absence of precipitation, estimate of beginning of qualifying storm event, duration of event, time elapsed since last storm, and approximate amount of rainfall in inches. c. Site information, including stage of construction, activities completed, and approximate area of the site exposed. d. A description of any BMPs evaluated and any deficiencies noted. e. If the construction site is safely accessible during inclement weather, list the observations of all BMPs: erosion controls, sediment controls, chemical and waste controls, and non-storm water controls. Otherwise, list the results of visual inspections at all relevant outfalls, discharge points, downstream locations and any projected maintenance activities. f. Report the presence of noticeable odors or of any visible sheen on the surface of any discharges. g. Any corrective actions required, including any necessary changes to the SWPPP and the associated implementation dates. h. Photographs taken during the inspection, if any. i. Inspector’s name, title, and signature. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 7 H. Rain Event Action Plan Not required for Risk Level 1 dischargers. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 8 I. Risk Level 1 Monitoring and Reporting Requirements Table 1- Summary of Monitoring Requirements Risk Level Visual Inspections Sample Collection Quarterly Non- storm Water Discharge Pre-storm Event Daily Storm BMP Post Storm Storm Water Discharge Receiving Water Baseline REAP 1 X X X X 1. Construction Site Monitoring Program Requirements a. Pursuant to Water Code Sections 13383 and 13267, all dischargers subject to this General Permit shall develop and implement a written site-specific Construction Site Monitoring Program (CSMP) in accordance with the requirements of this Section. The CSMP shall include all monitoring procedures and instructions, location maps, forms, and checklists as required in this section. The CSMP shall be developed prior to the commencement of construction activities, and revised as necessary to reflect project revisions. The CSMP shall be a part of the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), included as an appendix or separate SWPPP chapter. b. Existing dischargers registered under the State Water Board Order No. 99-08-DWQ shall make and implement necessary revisions to their Monitoring Programs to reflect the changes in this General Permit in a timely manner, but no later than July 1, 2010. Existing dischargers shall continue to implement their existing Monitoring Programs in compliance with State Water Board Order No. 99-08- DWQ until the necessary revisions are completed according to the schedule above. c. When a change of ownership occurs for all or any portion of the construction site prior to completion or final stabilization, the new discharger shall comply with these requirements as of the date the ownership change occurs. 2. Objectives The CSMP shall be developed and implemented to address the following objectives: a. To demonstrate that the site is in compliance with the Discharge Prohibitions; ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 9 b. To determine whether non-visible pollutants are present at the construction site and are causing or contributing to exceedances of water quality objectives; c. To determine whether immediate corrective actions, additional Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation, or SWPPP revisions are necessary to reduce pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges; and d. To determine whether BMPs included in the SWPPP are effective in preventing or reducing pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges. 3. Risk Level 1 - Visual Monitoring (Inspection) Requirements for Qualifying Rain Events a. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall visually observe (inspect) storm water discharges at all discharge locations within two business days (48 hours) after each qualifying rain event. b. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall visually observe (inspect) the discharge of stored or contained storm water that is derived from and discharged subsequent to a qualifying rain event producing precipitation of ½ inch or more at the time of discharge. Stored or contained storm water that will likely discharge after operating hours due to anticipated precipitation shall be observed prior to the discharge during operating hours. c. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall conduct visual observations (inspections) during business hours only. d. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall record the time, date and rain gauge reading of all qualifying rain events. e. Within 2 business days (48 hours) prior to each qualifying rain event, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall visually observe (inspect): i. All storm water drainage areas to identify any spills, leaks, or uncontrolled pollutant sources. If needed, the discharger shall implement appropriate corrective actions. ii. All BMPs to identify whether they have been properly implemented in accordance with the SWPPP. If needed, the discharger shall implement appropriate corrective actions. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 10 iii. Any storm water storage and containment areas to detect leaks and ensure maintenance of adequate freeboard. f. For the visual observations (inspections) described in e.i and e.iii above, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall observe the presence or absence of floating and suspended materials, a sheen on the surface, discolorations, turbidity, odors, and source(s) of any observed pollutants. g. Within two business days (48 hours) after each qualifying rain event, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall conduct post rain event visual observations (inspections) to (1) identify whether BMPs were adequately designed, implemented, and effective, and (2) identify additional BMPs and revise the SWPPP accordingly. h. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall maintain on-site records of all visual observations (inspections), personnel performing the observations, observation dates, weather conditions, locations observed, and corrective actions taken in response to the observations. 4. Risk Level 1 – Visual Observation Exemptions a. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall be prepared to conduct visual observation (inspections) until the minimum requirements of Section I.3 above are completed. Risk Level 1 dischargers are not required to conduct visual observation (inspections) under the following conditions: i. During dangerous weather conditions such as flooding and electrical storms. ii. Outside of scheduled site business hours. b. If no required visual observations (inspections) are collected due to these exceptions, Risk Level 1 dischargers shall include an explanation in their SWPPP and in the Annual Report documenting why the visual observations (inspections) were not conducted. 5. Risk Level 1 – Monitoring Methods Risk Level 1 dischargers shall include a description of the visual observation locations, visual observation procedures, and visual observation follow-up and tracking procedures in the CSMP. 6. Risk Level 1 – Non-Storm Water Discharge Monitoring Requirements ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 11 a. Visual Monitoring Requirements: i. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall visually observe (inspect) each drainage area for the presence of (or indications of prior) unauthorized and authorized non-storm water discharges and their sources. ii. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall conduct one visual observation (inspection) quarterly in each of the following periods: January- March, April-June, July-September, and October-December. Visual observation (inspections) are only required during daylight hours (sunrise to sunset). iii. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall ensure that visual observations (inspections) document the presence or evidence of any non- storm water discharge (authorized or unauthorized), pollutant characteristics (floating and suspended material, sheen, discoloration, turbidity, odor, etc.), and source. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall maintain on-site records indicating the personnel performing the visual observation (inspections), the dates and approximate time each drainage area and non-storm water discharge was observed, and the response taken to eliminate unauthorized non-storm water discharges and to reduce or prevent pollutants from contacting non-storm water discharges. 7. Risk Level 1 – Non-Visible Pollutant Monitoring Requirements a. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall collect one or more samples during any breach, malfunction, leakage, or spill observed during a visual inspection which could result in the discharge of pollutants to surface waters that would not be visually detectable in storm water. b. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall ensure that water samples are large enough to characterize the site conditions. c. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall collect samples at all discharge locations that can be safely accessed. d. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall collect samples during the first two hours of discharge from rain events that occur during business hours and which generate runoff. e. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall analyze samples for all non-visible pollutant parameters (if applicable) - parameters indicating the ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 12 presence of pollutants identified in the pollutant source assessment required (Risk Level 1 dischargers shall modify their CSMPs to address these additional parameters in accordance with any updated SWPPP pollutant source assessment). f. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall collect a sample of storm water that has not come in contact with the disturbed soil or the materials stored or used on-site (uncontaminated sample) for comparison with the discharge sample. g. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall compare the uncontaminated sample to the samples of discharge using field analysis or through laboratory analysis.2 h. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall keep all field /or analytical data in the SWPPP document. 8. Risk Level 1 – Particle Size Analysis for Project Risk Justification Risk Level 1 dischargers justifying an alternative project risk shall report a soil particle size analysis used to determine the RUSLE K- Factor. ASTM D-422 (Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils), as revised, shall be used to determine the percentages of sand, very fine sand, silt, and clay on the site. 9. Risk Level 1 – Records Risk Level 1 dischargers shall retain records of all storm water monitoring information and copies of all reports (including Annual Reports) for a period of at least three years. Risk Level 1 dischargers shall retain all records on-site while construction is ongoing. These records include: a. The date, place, time of facility inspections, sampling, visual observation (inspections), and/or measurements, including precipitation. b. The individual(s) who performed the facility inspections, sampling, visual observation (inspections), and or measurements. c. The date and approximate time of analyses. d. The individual(s) who performed the analyses. 2 For laboratory analysis, all sampling, sample preservation, and analyses must be conducted according to test procedures under 40 CFR Part 136. Field discharge samples shall be collected and analyzed according to the specifications of the manufacturer of the sampling devices employed. ATTACHMENT C 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-2006-DWQ 13 e. A summary of all analytical results from the last three years, the method detection limits and reporting units, and the analytical techniques or methods used. f. Rain gauge readings from site inspections. g. Quality assurance/quality control records and results. h. Non-storm water discharge inspections and visual observation (inspections) and storm water discharge visual observation records (see Sections I.3 and I.6 above). i. Visual observation and sample collection exception records (see Section I.4 above). j. The records of any corrective actions and follow-up activities that resulted from analytical results, visual observation (inspections), or inspections. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 1 ATTACHMENT F: Active Treatment System (ATS) Requirements Table 1 – Numeric Effluent Limitations, Numeric Action Levels, Test Methods, Detection Limits, and Reporting Units Parameter Test Method Discharge Type Min. Detection Limit Units Numeric Action Level Numeric Effluent Limitation Turbidity EPA 0180.1 and/or field test with a calibrated portable instrument For ATS discharges 1 NTU N/A 10 NTU for Daily Flow- Weighted Average & 20 NTU for Any Single Sample A. Dischargers choosing to implement an Active Treatment System (ATS) on their site shall comply with all of the requirements in this Attachment. B. The discharger shall maintain a paper copy of each ATS specification onsite in compliance with the record retention requirements in the Special Provisions of this General Permit. C. ATS Design, Operation and Submittals 1. The ATS shall be designed and approved by a Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), a Certified Professional in Storm Water Quality (CPSWQ); a California registered civil engineer; or any other California registered engineer. 2. The discharger shall ensure that the ATS is designed in a manner to preclude the accidental discharge of settled floc1 during floc pumping or related operations. 3. The discharger shall design outlets to dissipate energy from concentrated flows. 4. The discharger shall install and operate an ATS by assigning a lead person (or project manager) who has either a minimum of five years construction storm 1 Floc is defined as a clump of solids formed by the chemical action in ATS systems. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 2 water experience or who is a licensed contractors specifically holding a California Class A Contractors license.2 5. The discharger shall prepare an ATS Plan that combines the site-specific data and treatment system information required to safely and efficiently operate an ATS. The ATS Plan shall be electronically submitted to the State Water Board at least 14 days prior to the planned operation of the ATS and a paper copy shall be available onsite during ATS operation. At a minimum, the ATS Plan shall include: a. ATS Operation and Maintenance Manual for All Equipment. b. ATS Monitoring, Sampling & Reporting Plan, including Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC). c. ATS Health and Safety Plan. d. ATS Spill Prevention Plan. 6. The ATS shall be designed to capture and treat (within a 72-hour period) a volume equivalent to the runoff from a 10-year, 24-hour storm event using a watershed runoff coefficient of 1.0. D. Treatment – Chemical Coagulation/Flocculation 1. Jar tests shall be conducted using water samples selected to represent typical site conditions and in accordance with ASTM D2035-08 (2003). 2. The discharger shall conduct, at minimum, six site-specific jar tests (per polymer with one test serving as a control) for each project to determine the proper polymer and dosage levels for their ATS. 3. Single field jar tests may also be conducted during a project if conditions warrant, for example if construction activities disturb changing types of soils, which consequently cause change in storm water and runoff characteristics. E. Residual Chemical and Toxicity Requirements 1. The discharger shall utilize a residual chemical test method that has a method detection limit (MDL) of 10% or less than the maximum allowable threshold 2 Business and Professions Code Division 3, Chapter 9, Article 4, Class A Contractor: A general engineering contractor is a contractor whose principal contracting business is in connection with fixed works requiring specialized engineering knowledge and skill. [http://www.cslb.ca.gov/General-Information/library/licensing-classifications.asp]. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 3 concentration3 (MATC) for the specific coagulant in use and for the most sensitive species of the chemical used. 2. The discharger shall utilize a residual chemical test method that produces a result within one hour of sampling. 3. The discharger shall have a California State certified laboratory validate the selected residual chemical test. Specifically the lab will review the test protocol, test parameters, and the detection limit of the coagulant. The discharger shall electronically submit this documentation as part of the ATS Plan. 4. If the discharger cannot utilize a residual chemical test method that meets the requirements above, the discharger shall operate the ATS in Batch Treatment4 mode. 5. A discharger planning to operate in Batch Treatment mode shall perform toxicity testing in accordance with the following: a. The discharger shall initiate acute toxicity testing on effluent samples representing effluent from each batch prior to discharge5. All bioassays shall be sent to a laboratory certified by the Department of Health Services (DHS) Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (ELAP). The required field of testing number for Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing is E113.6 b. Acute toxicity tests shall be conducted with the following species and protocols. The methods to be used in the acute toxicity testing shall be those outlined for a 96-hour acute test in “Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, USEPA-841-R-02-012” for Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow). Acute toxicity for Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow Trout) may be used as a substitute for testing fathead minnows. c. All toxicity tests shall meet quality assurance criteria and test acceptability criteria in the most recent versions of the EPA test method for WET testing. d. The discharger shall electronically report all acute toxicity testing. 3 The Maximum Allowable Threshold Concentration (MATC) is the allowable concentration of residual, or dissolved, coagulant/flocculant in effluent. The MATC shall be coagulant/flocculant-specific, and based on toxicity testing conducted by an independent, third-party laboratory. A typical MATC would be: The MATC is equal to the geometric mean of the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) Acute and Chronic toxicity results for most sensitive species determined for the specific coagulant. The most sensitive species test shall be used to determine the MATC. 4 Batch Treatment mode is defined as holding or recirculating the treated water in a holding basin or tank(s) until treatment is complete or the basin or storage tank(s) is full. 5 This requirement only requires that the test be initiated prior to discharge. 6 http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ls/elap/pdf/FOT_Desc.pdf. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 4 F. Filtration 1. The ATS shall include a filtration step between the coagulant treatment train and the effluent discharge. This is commonly provided by sand, bag, or cartridge filters, which are sized to capture suspended material that might pass through the clarifier tanks. 2. Differential pressure measurements shall be taken to monitor filter loading and confirm that the final filter stage is functioning properly. G. Residuals Management 1. Sediment shall be removed from the storage or treatment cells as necessary to ensure that the cells maintain their required water storage (i.e., volume) capability. 2. Handling and disposal of all solids generated during ATS operations shall be done in accordance with all local, state, and federal laws and regulations. H. ATS Instrumentation 1. The ATS shall be equipped with instrumentation that automatically measures and records effluent water quality data and flow rate. 2. The minimum data recorded shall be consistent with the Monitoring and Reporting requirements below, and shall include: a. Influent Turbidity b. Effluent Turbidity c. Influent pH d. Effluent pH e. Residual Chemical f. Effluent Flow rate g. Effluent Flow volume 3. Systems shall be equipped with a data recording system, such as data loggers or webserver-based systems, which records each measurement on a frequency no longer than once every 15 minutes. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 5 4. Cumulative flow volume shall be recorded daily. The data recording system shall have the capacity to record a minimum of seven days continuous data. 5. Instrumentation systems shall be interfaced with system control to provide auto shutoff or recirculation in the event that effluent measurements exceed turbidity or pH. 6. The system shall also assure that upon system upset, power failure, or other catastrophic event, the ATS will default to a recirculation mode or safe shut down. 7. Instrumentation (flow meters, probes, valves, streaming current detectors, controlling computers, etc.) shall be installed and maintained per manufacturer’s recommendations, which shall be included in the QA/QC plan. 8. The QA/QC plan shall also specify calibration procedures and frequencies, instrument method detection limit or sensitivity verification, laboratory duplicate procedures, and other pertinent procedures. 9. The instrumentation system shall include a method for controlling coagulant dose, to prevent potential overdosing. Available technologies include flow/turbidity proportional metering, periodic jar testing and metering pump adjustment, and ionic charge measurement controlling the metering pump. I. ATS Effluent Discharge 1. ATS effluent shall comply with all provisions and prohibitions in this General Permit, specifically the NELs. 2. NELs for discharges from an ATS: a. Turbidity of all ATS discharges shall be less than 10 NTU for daily flow- weighted average of all samples and 20 NTU for any single sample. b. Residual Chemical shall be < 10% of MATC7 for the most sensitive species of the chemical used. 7 The Maximum Allowable Threshold Concentration (MATC) is the allowable concentration of residual, or dissolved, coagulant/flocculant in effluent. The MATC shall be coagulant/flocculant-specific, and based on toxicity testing conducted by an independent, third-party laboratory. The MATC is equal to the geometric mean of the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) Acute and Chronic toxicity results for most sensitive species determined for the specific coagulant. The most sensitive species test shall be used to determine the MATC. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 6 3. If an analytical effluent sampling result exceeds the turbidity NEL (as listed in Table 1), the discharger is in violation of this General Permit and shall electronically file the results in violation within 24-hours of obtaining the results. 4. If ATS effluent is authorized to discharge into a sanitary sewer system, the discharger shall comply with any pre-treatment requirements applicable for that system. The discharger shall include any specific criteria required by the municipality in the ATS Plan. 5. Compliance Storm Event: Discharges of storm water from ATS shall comply with applicable NELs (above) unless the storm event causing the discharges is determined after the fact to be equal to or larger than the Compliance Storm Event (expressed in inches of rainfall). The Compliance Storm Event for ATS discharges is the 10 year, 24 hour storm, as determined using these maps: http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpnfreq/nca10y24.gif http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpnfreq/sca10y24.gif This exemption is dependent on the submission of rain gauge data verifying the storm event is equal to or larger than the Compliance Storm. J. Operation and Maintenance Plan 1. Each Project shall have a site-specific Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Manual covering the procedures required to install, operate and maintain the ATS.8 2. The O&M Manual shall only be used in conjunction with appropriate project- specific design specifications that describe the system configuration and operating parameters. 3. The O&M Manual shall have operating manuals for specific pumps, generators, control systems,and other equipment. K. Sampling and Reporting Quality Assurance/ Quality Check (QA/QC) Plan 4. A project-specific QA/QC Plan shall be developed for each project. The QA/QC Plan shall include at a minimum: a. Calibration – Calibration methods and frequencies for all system and field instruments shall be specified. 8 The manual is typically in a modular format covering generalized procedures for each component that is utilized in a particular system. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 7 b. Method Detection Limits (MDLs) – The methods for determining MDLs shall be specified for each residual coagulant measurement method. Acceptable minimum MDLs for each method, specific to individual coagulants, shall be specified. c. Laboratory Duplicates – Requirements for monthly laboratory duplicates for residual coagulant analysis shall be specified. L. Personnel Training 1. Operators shall have training specific to using an ATS and liquid coagulants for storm water discharges in California. 2. The training shall be in the form of a formal class with a certificate and requirements for testing and certificate renewal. 3. Training shall include a minimum of eight hours classroom and 32 hours field training. The course shall cover the following topics: a. Coagulation Basics –Chemistry and physical processes b. ATS System Design and Operating Principles c. ATS Control Systems d. Coagulant Selection – Jar testing, dose determination, etc. e. Aquatic Safety/Toxicity of Coagulants, proper handling and safety f. Monitoring, Sampling, and Analysis g. Reporting and Recordkeeping h. Emergency Response M. Active Treatment System (ATS) Monitoring Requirements Any discharger who deploys an ATS on their site shall conduct the following: 1. Visual Monitoring a. A designated responsible person shall be on site daily at all times during treatment operations. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 8 b. Daily on-site visual monitoring of the system for proper performance shall be conducted and recorded in the project data log. i. The log shall include the name and phone number of the person responsible for system operation and monitoring. ii. The log shall include documentation of the responsible person’s training. 2. Operational and Compliance Monitoring a. Flow shall be continuously monitored and recorded at not greater than 15- minute intervals for total volume treated and discharged. b. Influent and effluent pH must be continuously monitored and recorded at not greater than 15-minute intervals. c. Influent and effluent turbidity (expressed in NTU) must be continuously monitored and recorded at not greater than 15-minute intervals. d. The type and amount of chemical used for pH adjustment, if any, shall be monitored and recorded. e. Dose rate of chemical used in the ATS system (expressed in mg/L) shall be monitored and reported 15-minutes after startup and every 8 hours of operation. f. Laboratory duplicates – monthly laboratory duplicates for residual coagulant analysis must be performed and records shall be maintained onsite. g. Effluent shall be monitored and recorded for residual chemical/additive levels. h. If a residual chemical/additive test does not exist and the ATS is operating in a batch treatment mode of operation refer to the toxicity monitoring requirements below. 3. Toxicity Monitoring A discharger operating in batch treatment mode shall perform toxicity testing in accordance with the following: a. The discharger shall initiate acute toxicity testing on effluent samples representing effluent from each batch prior to discharge.9 All bioassays shall be sent to a laboratory certified by the Department of Health Services (DHS) 9 This requirement only requires that the test be initiated prior to discharge. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 9 Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (ELAP). The required field of testing number for Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing is E113.10 b. Acute toxicity tests shall be conducted with the following species and protocols. The methods to be used in the acute toxicity testing shall be those outlined for a 96-hour acute test in “Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Water to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, USEPA-841-R-02-012” for Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas or Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss may be used as a substitute for fathead minnow. c. All toxicity tests shall meet quality assurance criteria and test acceptability criteria in the most recent versions of the EPA test method for WET testing.11 4. Reporting and Recordkeeping At a minimum, every 30 days a LRP representing the discharger shall access the State Water Boards Storm Water Mulit-Application and Report Tracking system (SMARTS) and electronically upload field data from the ATS. Records must be kept for three years after the project is completed . 5. Non-compliance Reporting a. Any indications of toxicity or other violations of water quality objectives shall be reported to the appropriate regulatory agency as required by this General Permit. b. Upon any measurements that exceed water quality standards, the system operator shall immediately notify his supervisor or other responsible parties, who shall notify the Regional Water Board. c. If any monitoring data exceeds any applicable NEL in this General Permit, the discharger shall electronically submit a NEL Violation Report to the State Water Board within 24 hours after the NEL exceedance has been identified. i. ATS dischargers shall certify each NEL Violation Report in accordance with the Special Provisions for Construction Activity in this General Permit. ii. ATS dischargers shall retain an electronic or paper copy of each NEL Violation Report for a minimum of three years after the date the annual report is filed. iii. ATS dischargers shall include in the NEL Violation Report: 10 http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ls/elap/pdf/FOT_Desc.pdf. 11 http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/methods/wet/. ATTACHMENT F 2009-0009-DWQ amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012–2006-DWQ 10 (1) The analytical method(s), method reporting unit(s), and method detection limit(s) of each analytical parameter (analytical results that are less than the method detection limit shall be reported as “less than the method detection limit”); (2) The date, place, time of sampling, visual observation (inspections), and/or measurements, including precipitation; and (3) A description of the current onsite BMPs, and the proposed corrective actions taken to manage the NEL exceedance. iv. Compliance Storm Exemption - In the event that an applicable NEL has been exceeded during a storm event equal to or larger than the Compliance Storm Event, ATS dischargers shall report the on-site rain gauge reading and nearby governmental rain gauge readings for verification. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A B C D E F G H I J K L M Version 8/17/2011 Risk Determination Worksheet Step 1 Determine Sediment Risk via one of the options listed: 1. GIS Map Method - EPA Rainfall Erosivity Calculator & GIS map 2. Individual Method - EPA Rainfall Erosivity Calculator & Individual Data Step 2 Determine Receiving Water Risk via one of the options listed: 1. GIS map of Sediment Sensitive Watersheds provided 2. Site Specific Analysis (support documentation required) Step 3 Determine Combined Risk Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 A B C Entry 0 0 0 Watershed Erosion Estimate (=RxKxLS) in tons/acre Site Sediment Risk Factor Low Sediment Risk: < 15 tons/acre Medium Sediment Risk: >=15 and <75 tons/acre High Sediment Risk: >= 75 tons/acre GIS Map Method: 1. The R factor for the ro ect is calculated usin the online calculator at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/LEW/lewCalculator.cfm 2. The K and LS factors may be obtained by accessing the GIS maps located on the State Water Board FTP website at: ftp://swrcb2a.waterboards.ca.gov/pub/swrcb/dwq/cgp/Risk/ Sediment Risk Factor Worksheet A) R Factor R Factor Value B) K Factor (weighted average, by area, for all site soils) Analyses of data indicated that when factors other than rainfall are held constant, soil loss is directly proportional to a rainfall factor composed of total storm kinetic energy (E) times the maximum 30-min intensity (I30) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1958). The numerical value of R is the average annual sum of EI30 for storm events during a rainfall record of at least 22 years. "Isoerodent" maps were developed based on R values calculated for more than 1000 locations in the Western U.S. Refer to the link below to determine the R factor for the project site. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/LEW/lewCalculator.cfm K Factor Value LS Factor Value Low C) LS Factor (weighted average, by area, for all slopes) The soil-erodibility factor K represents: (1) susceptibility of soil or surface material to erosion, (2) transportability of the sediment, and (3) the amount and rate of runoff given a particular rainfall input, as measured under a standard condition. Fine-textured soils that are high in clay have low K values (about 0.05 to 0.15) because the particles are resistant to detachment. Coarse-textured soils, such as sandy soils, also have low K values (about 0.05 to 0.2) because of high infiltration resulting in low runoff even though these particles are easily detached. Medium-textured soils, such as a silt loam, have moderate K values (about 0.25 to 0.45) because they are moderately susceptible to particle detachment and they produce runoff at moderate rates. Soils having a high silt content are especially susceptible to erosion and have high K values, which can exceed 0.45 and can be as large as 0.65. Silt-size particles are easily detached and tend to crust, producing high rates and large volumes of runoff. Use Site-specific data must be submitted. The effect of topography on erosion is accounted for by the LS factor, which combines the effects of a hillslope-length factor, L, and a hillslope-gradient factor, S. Generally speaking, as hillslope length and/or hillslope gradient increase, soil loss increases. As hillslope length increases, total soil loss and soil loss per unit area increase due to the progressive accumulation of runoff in the downslope direction. As the hillslope gradient increases, the velocity and erosivity of runoff increases. Use the LS table located in separate tab of this spreadsheet to determine LS factors. Estimate the weighted LS for the site prior to construction. 0 Site-specific K factor guidance LS Table Receiving Water (RW) Risk Factor Worksheet Entry Score A. Watershed Characteristics yes/no A.1. Does the disturbed area discharge (either directly or indirectly) to 303(d)-listed waterbody impaired by sediment (For help with impaired waterbodies please visit the link below) or has a USEPA approved TMDL implementation plan for sediment?: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2010.shtml OR A.2. Does the disturbed area discharge to a waterbody with designated beneficial uses of SPAWN & COLD & MIGRATORY? (For help please review the appropriate Regional Board Basin Plan) http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterboards_map.shtml Region 1 Basin Plan Region 2 Basin Plan Region 3 Basin Plan Region 4 Basin Plan Region 5 Basin Plan Region 6 Basin Plan Region 7 Basin Plan Region 8 Basin Plan Region 9 Basin Plan no Low Low Medium High Low Level 1 High Level 3 Project Sediment Risk:Low 1 Project RW Risk:Low 1 Project Combined Risk:Level 1 Combined Risk Level Matrix Sediment Risk Re c e i v i n g W a t e r Ri s k Level 2 Level 2 Average Watershed Slope (% Sheet Flow Length (ft)0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 <3 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.41 0.45 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 6 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.37 0.41 0.45 0.49 0.56 0.64 0.72 0.85 0.97 1.07 9 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.38 0.45 0.51 0.56 0.67 0.80 0.91 1.13 1.31 1.47 12 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.39 0.47 0.55 0.62 0.76 0.93 1.08 1.37 1.62 1.84 15 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.32 0.40 0.49 0.58 0.67 0.84 1.04 1.24 1.59 1.91 2.19 25 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.16 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.36 0.45 0.57 0.71 0.85 0.98 1.24 1.56 1.86 2.41 2.91 3.36 50 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.21 0.30 0.38 0.46 0.54 0.70 0.91 1.15 1.40 1.64 2.10 2.67 3.22 4.24 5.16 5.97 75 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.25 0.36 0.47 0.58 0.69 0.91 1.20 1.54 1.87 2.21 2.86 3.67 4.44 5.89 7.20 8.37 100 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.28 0.41 0.55 0.68 0.82 1.10 1.46 1.88 2.31 2.73 3.57 4.59 5.58 7.44 9.13 10.63 150 0.05 0.09 0.17 0.33 0.50 0.68 0.86 1.05 1.43 1.92 2.51 3.09 3.68 4.85 6.30 7.70 10.35 12.75 14.89 200 0.06 0.10 0.18 0.37 0.57 0.79 1.02 1.25 1.72 2.34 3.07 3.81 4.56 6.04 7.88 9.67 13.07 16.16 18.92 250 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.40 0.64 0.89 1.16 1.43 1.99 2.72 3.60 4.48 5.37 7.16 9.38 11.55 15.67 19.42 22.78 300 0.06 0.10 0.20 0.43 0.69 0.98 1.28 1.60 2.24 3.09 4.09 5.11 6.15 8.23 10.81 13.35 18.17 22.57 26.51 400 0.06 0.11 0.22 0.48 0.80 1.14 1.51 1.90 2.70 3.75 5.01 6.30 7.60 10.24 13.53 16.77 22.95 28.60 33.67 600 0.06 0.12 0.24 0.56 0.96 1.42 1.91 2.43 3.52 4.95 6.67 8.45 10.26 13.94 18.57 23.14 31.89 39.95 47.18 800 0.06 0.12 0.26 0.63 1.10 1.65 2.25 2.89 4.24 6.03 8.17 10.40 12.69 17.35 23.24 29.07 40.29 50.63 59.93 1000 0.06 0.13 0.27 0.69 1.23 1.86 2.55 3.30 4.91 7.02 9.57 12.23 14.96 20.57 27.66 34.71 48.29 60.84 72.15 LS Factors for Construction Sites. Table from Renard et. al., 1997. APPENDIX 2 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 APPENDIX 2: Post-Construction Water Balance Performance Standard Spreadsheet The discharger shall submit with their Notice of Intent (NOI) the following information to demonstrate compliance with the New and Re-Development Water Balance Performance Standard. Map Instructions The discharger must submit a small-scale topographic map of the site to show the existing contour elevations, pre- and post-construction drainage divides, and the total length of stream in each watershed area. Recommended scales include 1 in. = 20 ft., 1 in. = 30 ft., 1 in. = 40 ft., or 1 in = 50 ft. The suggested contour interval is usually 1 to 5 feet, depending upon the slope of the terrain. The contour interval may be increased on steep slopes. Other contour intervals and scales may be appropriate given the magnitude of land disturbance. Spreadsheet Instructions The intent of the spreadsheet is to help dischargers calculate the project-related increase in runoff volume and select impervious area and runoff reduction credits to reduce the project-related increase in runoff volume to pre-project levels. The discharger has the option of using the spreadsheet (Appendix 2.1) or a more sophisticated, watershed process-based model (e.g. Storm Water Management Model, Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran) to determine the project-related increase in runoff volume. In Appendix 4.1, you must complete the worksheet for each land use/soil type combination for each project sub-watershed. Steps 1 through 9 pertain specifically to the Runoff Volume Calculator: Step 1: Enter the county where the project is located in cell H3. Step 2: Enter the soil type in cell H6. Step 3: Enter the existing pervious (dominant) land use type in cell H7. Step 4: Enter the proposed pervious (dominant) land use type in cell H8. Step 5: Enter the total project site area in cell H11 or J11. Step 6: Enter the sub-watershed area in cell H12 or J12. APPENDIX 2 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 2 Step 7: Enter the existing rooftop area in cell H17 or J17, the existing non- rooftop impervious area in cell H18 or J18, the proposed rooftop area in cell H19 or J19, and the proposed non-rooftop impervious area in cell H20 or J20 Step 8: Work through each of the impervious area reduction credits and claim credits where applicable. Volume that cannot be addressed using non- structural practices must be captured in structural practices and approved by the Regional Water Board. Step 9: Work through each of the impervious volume reduction credits and claim credits where applicable. Volume that cannot be addressed using non-structural practices must be captured in structural practices and approved by the Regional Water Board. Non-structural Practices Available for Crediting • Porous Pavement • Tree Planting • Downspout Disconnection • Impervious Area Disconnection • Green Roof • Stream Buffer • Vegetated Swales • Rain Barrels and Cisterns • Landscaping Soil Quality 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N (Step 1a) If you know the 85th percentile storm event for your location enter it in the box below (Step 1b) If you can not answer 1a then select the county where the project is located (click on the cell to the right for drop-down): This will determine the average 85th percentile 24 hr. storm event for your site, which will appear under precipitation to left. (Step 1c) If you would like a more percise value select the location closest to your site. If you do not recgonize any of these locations, leave this drop-down menu at location. The average value for the County will be used. Project Name:(Step 2) Indicate the Soil Type (dropdown menu to right): Waste Discharge Identification (WDID): (Step 3) Indicate the existing dominant non-built land Use Type (dropdown menu to right): Date: (Step 4) Indicate the proposed dominant non-built land Use Type (dropdown menu to right): Sub Drainage Area Name (from ma : Acres 82 (Step 5) Total Project Site Area:5.00 74 (Step 6) Sub-watershed Area:5.00 Percent of total project : Based on the County you indicated above, we have included the 85 percentile average 24 hr event - P85 (in)^ for your area. in The Amount of rainfall needed for runoff to occur (Existing runoff curve number -P from existing RCN (in)^) In (Step 7) Sub-watershed Conditions P used for calculations (in) (the greater of the above two criteria)In Sub-watershed Area (acres)Acres ^Available at www.cabmphandbooks.com Existing Rooftop Impervious Coverage 0 Existing Non-Rooftop Impervious Coverage 0 Proposed Rooftop Impervious Coverage 0 Proposed Non-Rooftop Impervious Coverage 0 ( p )p Credits Porous Pavement Tree Planting Pre-Project Runoff Volume (cu ft) Cu.Ft. Downspout Disconnection Project-Related Runoff Volume Increase w/o credits (cu ft)Cu.Ft. Impervious Area Disconnection Green Roof Stream Buffer Vegetated Swales Subtotal Subtotal Runoff Volume Reduction Credit (Step 9) Impervious Volume Reduction Credits Rain Barrels/Cisterns Soil Qualit Cu. Ft. Subtotal Runoff Volume Reduction Total Runoff Volume Reduction Credit 247 Proposed Development Pervious Runoff Curve Number 0.62 0.62 Optional Runoff Curve Number Complete Either Lawn, Grass, or Pasture covering more than 75% of the open space Existing Pervious Runoff Curve Number Complete EitherOptional Optional Calculated Acres Optional You have achieved your minimum requirements Project-Related Volume Increase with Credits (cu ft)0 Design Storm 0 0.44 0 Post-Construction Water Balance Calculato 100% Acres 5.00 5.00 Wood & Grass: <50% ground cover User may make changes from any cell that is orange or brown in color (similar to the cells to the immediate right). Cells in green are calculated for you. Project Information SACRAMENTO 0.00 Cu. Ft. Cu.Ft. Cu. Ft. 0 0 0 00.00 0 0 0.00 0.00 Cu. Ft. Volume (cubic feet) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 Square FeetAcres 0 SACRAMENTO FAA ARPT Low infiltration. Sandy clay loam. Infiltration rate 0.05 to 0.15 inch/hr when wet. Runoff Calculations 5.00Sq Ft Sq Ft Group C Soils Cu. Ft. 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 Porous Pavement Credit Worksheet Please fill out a orous avement credit worksheet for each ro ect sub-watershed. For the PROPOSED Development: Proposed Porous Pavement Runoff Reduction*In SqFt.In Acres quivalent Acres Area of Brick without Grout on less than 12 inches of base with at least 20% void s ace over soil 0.45 0.00 Area of Brick without Grout on more than 12 inches of base with at least 20% void s ace over soil 0.90 0.00 Area of Cobbles less than 12 inches deep and over soil 0.30 0.00 Area of Cobbles less than 12 inches deep and over soil 0.60 0.00 Area of Reinforced Grass Pavement on less than 12 inches of base with at least 20% void s ace over soil 0.45 0.00 Area of Reinforced Grass Pavement on at least 12 inches of base with at least 20% void s ace over soil 0.90 0.00 Area of Porous Gravel Pavement on less than 12 inches of base with at least 20% void space over soil 0.38 0.00 Area of Porous Gravel Pavement on at least 12 inches of base with at least 20% void space over soil 0.75 0.00 Area of Poured Porous Concrete or Asphalt Pavement with less than 4 inches of ravel base washed stone 0.40 0.00 Area of Poured Porous Concrete or Asphalt Pavement with 4 to 8 inches of gravel base washed stone 0.60 0.00 Area of Poured Porous Concrete or Asphalt Pavement with 8 to 12 inches of gravel base washed stone 0.80 0.00 Area of Poured Porous Concrete or Asphalt Pavement with 12 or more inches of ravel base washed stone 1.00 0.00 *=1-Rv**Return to Calculator **Using Site Design Techniques to meet Development Standards for Stormwater Quality (BASMAA 2003) **NCDENR Stormwater BMP Manual (2007) Fill in either Acres or SqFt Tree Planting Credit Worksheet Tree Canopy Credit Criteria Number of Trees Planted Credit (acres) 0 0.00 0.00 Square feet Under Canopy 0.00 0.00 0 Return to Calculator * credit amount based on credits from Stormwater Quality Design Manual for the Sacramento and South Placer Regions Please fill out a tree canopy credit worksheet for each project sub-watershed. Number of proposed evergreen trees to be planted (credit = number of trees x 0.005)* Number of proposed deciduous trees to be planted (credit = number of trees x 0.0025)* Square feet under an existing tree canopy, that will remain on the property, with an average diameter at 4.5 ft above grade (i.e., diameter at breast height or DBH) is LESS than 12 in diameter. Please describe below how the project will ensure that these trees will be maintained. Square feet under an existing tree canopy that will remain on the property, with an average diameter at 4.5 ft above grade (i.e., diameter at breast height or DBH) is 12 in diameter or GREATER. Downspout Disconnection Credit Worksheet Percenta e of existin 0.00 cres The Stream Buffer and/or Vegetated Swale credits will not be taken in this sub-watershed area? Please fill out a downspout disconnection credit worksheet for each project subwatershed. If you answer yes to all questions, all rooftop area draining to each downspout will be subtracted from your proposed rooftop impervious coverage. Is the roof runoff from the design storm event fully contained in a raised bed or planter box or does it drain as sheet flow to a landscaped area large enough to contain the roof runoff from the design storm event? Downspout Disconnection Credit Criteria Do downspouts and any extensions extend at least six feet from a basement and two feet from a crawl space or concrete slab? Is the area of rooftop connecting to each disconnected downspout 600 square feet or less? of rooftop surface has disconnected downspouts of roofto surface has disconnected Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Percenta e of the ro osed 0.00 cres downspouts Return to Calculator Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Impervious Area Disconnection Credit Worksheet Response Percenta e of existin 0.00 cres Percentage of the ro osed 0.00 cres 70 Return to Calculator The Stream Buffer credit will not be taken in this sub-watershed area? non-rooftop surface area disconnected non-rooftop surface area disconnected Please fill out an impervious area disconnection credit worksheet for each project sub-watershed. If you answer yes to all questions, all non-rooftop impervious surface area will be subtracted from your proposed non-rooftop impervious coverage. Non-Rooftop Disconnection Credit Criteria Is the maximum contributing impervious flow path length less than 75 feet or, if equal or greater than 75 feet, is a storage device (e.g. French drain, bioretention area, gravel trench) implemented to achieve the required disconnection length? Is the impervious area to any one discharge location less than 5,000 square feet? Yes No Yes No Yes No Green Roof Credit Worksheet Please fill out a greenroof credit worksheet for each project sub-watershed. If you answer yes to all questions, 70% of the greenroof area will be subtracted from your proposed rooftop impervious coverage. Green Roof Credit Criteria Response Is the roof slope less than 15% or does it have a grid to hold the substrate in place until it forms a thick vegetation mat? Has a professional engineer assessed the necessary load reserves and designed a roof structure to meet state and local codes? Is the irrigation needed for plant establishment and/or to sustain the green roof during extended dry periods, is the source from stored, recycled, reclaimed, or reused water? Percentage of existing 0.0 0 Acres rooftop surface area in greenroof Percentage of the proposed 0.0 0 Acres rooftop surface area in greenroof Return to Calculator Stream Buffer Credit Worksheet Please fill out a stream buffer credit worksheet for each project sub-watershed. If you answer yes to all questions, you may subtract all impervious surface draining to each stream buffer that has not been addressed using the Downspout and/or Impervious Area Disconnection credits. Stream Buffer Credit Criteria Response Does runoff enter the floodprone width* or within 500 feet (whichever is larger) of a stream channel as sheet flow**? Is the contributing overland slope 5% or less, or if greater than 5%, is a level spreader used? Is the buffer area protected from vehicle or other traffic barriers to reduce compaction? Will the stream buffer be maintained in an ungraded and uncompacted condition and will the vegetation be maintained in a natural condition? Percentage of existing 0.00 Acres impervious surface area draining into a stream buffer: Percentage of the proposed 0.00 Acres impervious surface area that will drain into a stream buffer: Please describe below how the project will ensure that the buffer areas will remain in ungraded and uncompacted condition and that the vegetation will be maintained in a natural condition. Return to Calculator * floodprone width is the width at twice the bankfull depth. ** the maximum contributing length shall be 75 feet for impervious area Vegetated Swale Credit Worksheet Percenta e of existin 0.00 cres Percenta e of the ro osed 0.00 cres Return to Calculator Please fill out a vegetated swale worksheet for each project subwatershed. If you answer yes to all questions, you may subtract all impervious surface draining to each stream buffer that has not been addressed using the Downspout Disconnection credit. Vegetated Swale Credit Criteria Have all vegetated swales been designed in accordance with Treatment Control BMP 30 (TC-30 - Vegetated Swale) from the California Stormwater BMP Handbook, New Development and Redevelopment (available at www.cabmphandbooks.com)? Is the maximum flow velocity for runoff from the design storm event less than or equal to 1.0 foot per second? of impervious area draining to a vegetated swale of impervious area draining to a vegetated swale Yes No Yes No Rain Barrel/Cistern Credit Worksheet Rain Barrel/Cistern Credit Criteria Response Total number of rain barrel(s)/cisterns Average capacity of rain barrel(s)/cistern(s) (in gallons) Total ca acit rain barrel s /cistern s in cu ft 1 0 1 accounts for 10% loss Return to Calculator Please fill out a rain barrel/cistern worksheet for each project sub-watershed. Response 1.3 Sandy loams, loams 12 2.97 Return to Calculator Table 1 Will the landscaped area be lined with an impervious membrane? What is the average depth of your landscaped soil media meeting the above criteria (inches)? What is the total area of the landscaped areas meeting the above criteria (in acres)? Please fill out a soil quality worksheet for each project sub-watershed. Will the soils used for landscaping meet the ideal bulk densities listed in Table 1 below?1 If you answered yes to the question above, but you do not know the exact bulk density, which of the soil types in the drop down menu to the right best describes the top 12 inches for soils used for landscaping (in g/cm 3). If you answered yes to the question above, and you know the area-weighted bulk density within the top 12 inches for soils used for landscaping (in g/cm 3)* , fill in the cell to the right and skip to cell G11. If not select from the drop-down menu in G10. Yes No , . . Sandy loams, loams <1.4 Sandy clay loams, loams, clay loams <1.4 Silts, silt loams <1.3 Silt loams, silty clay loams <1.1 Sandy clays, silty clays, some clay loams (35-45% clay)<1.1 Clays (>45% clay)<1.1 http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/management/files/sq_utn_2.pdf * To determine how to calculate density see: http://www.globe.gov/tctg/bulkden.pdf?sectionID=94 1 USDA NRCS. "Soil Quality Urban Technical Note No.2-Urban Soil Compaction". March 2000. Mineral grains in many soils are mainly quartz and feldspar, so 2.65 a good average for particle density. To determine percent porosity, use the formula: Porosity (%) = (1-Bulk Density/2.65) X 100 Yes No APPENDIX 3 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 APPENDIX 3 Bioassessment Monitoring Guidelines Bioassessment monitoring is required for projects that meet all of the following criteria: 1. The project is rated Risk Level 3 or LUP Type 3 2. The project directly discharges runoff to a freshwater wadeable stream (or streams) that is either: (a) listed by the State Water Board or USEPA as impaired due to sediment, and/or (b) tributary to any downstream water body that is listed for sediment; and/or have the beneficial use SPAWN & COLD & MIGRATORY 3. Total project-related ground disturbance exceeds 30 acres. For all such projects, the discharger shall conduct bioassessment monitoring, as described in this section, to assess the effect of the project on the biological integrity of receiving waters. Bioassessment shall include: 1. The collection and reporting of specified instream biological data 2. The collection and reporting of specified instream physical habitat data Bioassessment Exception If a site qualifies for bioassessment, but construction commences out of an index period for the site location, the discharger shall: 1. Receive Regional Water Board approval for the sampling exception 2. Make a check payable to: Cal State Chico Foundation (SWAMP Bank Account) or San Jose State Foundation (SWAMP Bank Account) and include the WDID# on the check for the amount calculated for the exempted project. 3. Send a copy of the check to the Regional Water Board office for the site’s region 4. Invest 7,500.00 X The number of samples required into the SWAMP program as compensation (upon Regional Water Board approval). 5. Conduct bioassessment monitoring, as described in Appendix 4 6. Include the collection and reporting of specified instream biological data and physical habitat 7. Use the bioassessment sample collection and Quality Assurance & Quality Control (QA/QC) protocols developed by the State of California’s Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) Site Locations and Frequency Macroinvertebrate samples shall be collected both before ground disturbance is initiated and after the project is completed. The “after” sample(s) shall be collected after at least one winter season resulting in surface runoff has transpired after project-related ground disturbance has ceased. “Before” and “after” samples shall be collected both upstream and downstream of the project’s 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 2 discharge. Upstream samples should be taken immediately before the sites outfall and downstream samples should be taken immediately after the outfall (when safe to collect the samples). Samples should be collected for each freshwater wadeable stream that is listed as impaired due to sediment, or tributary to a water body that is listed for sediment. Habitat assessment data shall be collected concurrently with all required macroinvertebrate samples. Index Period (Timing of Sample Collection) Macroinvertebrate sampling shall be conducted during the time of year (i.e., the “index period”) most appropriate for bioassessment sampling, depending on ecoregion. This map is posted on the State Water Board’s Website: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/construction.s html Field Methods for Macroinvertebrate Collections In collecting macroinvertebrate samples, the discharger shall use the “Reachwide Benthos (Multi-habitat) Procedure” specified in Standard Operating Procedures for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrate Samples and Associated Physical and Chemical Data for Ambient Bioassessments in California (Ode 2007).1 Physical - Habitat Assessment Methods The discharger shall conduct, concurrently with all required macroinvertebrate collections, the “Full” suite of physical habitat characterization measurements as specified in Standard Operating Procedures for Collecting Benthic Macroinvertebrate Samples and Associated Physical and Chemical Data for Ambient Bioassessments in California (Ode 2007), and as summarized in the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program’s Stream Habitat Characterization Form — Full Version. Laboratory Methods Macroinvertebrates shall be identified and classified according to the Standard Taxonomic Effort (STE) Level I of the Southwestern Association of Freshwater Invertebrate Taxonomists (SAFIT),2 and using a fixed-count of 600 organisms per sample. Quality Assurance The discharger or its consultant(s) shall have and follow a quality assurance (QA) plan that covers the required bioassessment monitoring. The QA plan shall include, or be supplemented to include, a specific requirement for external QA checks (i.e., verification of taxonomic identifications and correction of data where 1 This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/swamp/docs/phab_sopr6.pdf. http://swamp.mpsl.mlml.calstate.edu/wp- content/uploads/2009/04/swamp_sop_bioassessment_collection_020107.pdf. 2 The current SAFIT STEs (28 November 2006) list requirements for both the Level I and Level II taxonomic effort, and are located at: http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/swamp/docs/safit/ste_list.pdf http://www.safit.org/Docs/ste_list.pdf. When new editions are published by SAFIT, they will supersede all previous editions. All editions will be posted at the State Water Board’s SWAMP website. 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 3 errors are identified). External QA checks shall be performed on one of the discharger’s macroinvertebrate samples collected per calendar year, or ten percent of the samples per year (whichever is greater). QA samples shall be randomly selected. The external QA checks shall be paid for by the discharger, and performed by the California Department of Fish and Game’s Aquatic Bioassessment Laboratory. An alternate laboratory with equivalent or better expertise and performance may be used if approved in writing by State Water Board staff. Sample Preservation and Archiving The original sample material shall be stored in 70 percent ethanol and retained by the discharger until: 1) all QA analyses specified herein and in the relevant QA plan are completed; and 2) any data corrections and/or re-analyses recommended by the external QA laboratory have been implemented. The remaining subsampled material shall be stored in 70 percent ethanol and retained until completeness checks have been performed according to the relevant QA plan. The identified organisms shall be stored in 70 percent ethanol, in separate glass vials for each final ID taxon. (For example, a sample with 45 identified taxa would be archived in a minimum of 45 vials, each containing all individuals of the identified taxon.) Each of the vials containing identified organisms shall be labeled with taxonomic information (i.e., taxon name, organism count) and collection information (i.e., site name/site code, waterbody name, date collected, method of collection). The identified organisms shall be archived (i.e., retained) by the discharger for a period of not less than three years from the date that all QA steps are completed, and shall be checked at least once per year and “topped off” with ethanol to prevent desiccation. The identified organisms shall be relinquished to the State Water Board upon request by any State Water Board staff. Data Submittal The macroinvertebrate results (i.e., taxonomic identifications consistent with the specified SAFIT STEs, and number of organisms within each taxa) shall be submitted to the State Water Board in electronic format. The State Water Board’s Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) is currently developing standardized formats for reporting bioassessment data. All bioassessment data collected after those formats become available shall be submitted using the SWAMP formats. Until those formats are available, the biological data shall be submitted in MS-Excel (or equivalent) format.3 The physical/habitat data shall be reported using the standard format titled SWAMP Stream Habitat Characterization Form — Full Version.4 3 Any version of Excel, 2000 or later, may be used. 4 Available at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/swamp/docs/reports/fieldforms_fullversion052908.pd f 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 4 Invasive Species Prevention In conducting the required bioassessment monitoring, the discharger and its consultants shall take precautions to prevent the introduction or spread of aquatic invasive species. At minimum, the discharger and its consultants shall follow the recommendations of the California Department of Fish and Game to minimize the introduction or spread of the New Zealand mudsnail.5 5 Instructions for controlling the spread of NZ mudsnails, including decontamination methods, can be found at: http://www.dfg.ca.gov/invasives/mudsnail/ More information on AIS More information on AIS http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/swamp/ais/ AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 1 Ap p e n d i x 4 N o n S e d i m e n t T M D L s Re g i o n 1 L o s t R i v e r - D I N a n d C B O D Re g i o n 1 So u r c e : C a l T r a n s Co n s t r u c t i o n TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 1 2 30 2 0 0 8 TM D L T y p e : R i v e r , L a k e Wa t e r s h e d A r e a = 2 9 9 6 m i 2 Po l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r s / W L A Di s s o l v e d i n o r g a n i c ni t r o g e n ( D I N ) (m e t r i c t o n s / y r ) Ca r b o n a c e o u s b i o c h e m i c a l o x y g e n de m a n d ( C B O D ) (m e t r i c t o n s / y r ) Lo s t R i v e r f r o m t h e O r e g o n bo r d e r t o T u l e L a k e .1 . 2 Tu l e L a k e R e f u g e . 1 . 2 Lo w e r K l a m a t h R e f u g e . 1 . 2 Re g i o n 2 S a n F r a n c i s c o B a y - M e r c u r y Re g i o n 2 So u r c e : N o n - U r b a n St o r m w a t e r R u n o f f TM D L T y p e : B a y Na m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r / W L A TM D L Co m p l e t i o n D a t e Sa n Fr a n c i s c o Ba y Me r c u r y 2 5 k g / y e a r 0 8 0 9 2 0 0 6 Re g i o n 4 B a l l o n a C r e e k - M e t a l s a n d S e l e n i u m Re g i o n 4 So u r c e : N P D E S Ge n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n TM D L C o m p l e t i o n Da t e : 1 2 2 2 2 0 0 5 TM D L T y p e : C r e e k Po l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r s / W L A Co p p e r ( C u ) L e a d ( P b ) S e l e n i u m ( S e ) Z i n c ( Z n ) g/ d a y g / d a y / a c r e g / d a y g / d a y / a c r e g/ d a y g / d a y / a c r e g / d a y g / d a y / a c r e Ba l l o n a C r e e k 4 . 9 4 E - 0 7 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 2. 2 0 E - 1 0 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 1. 6 2 E - 0 6 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 7. 2 0 E - 1 0 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 1. 3 7 E - 0 7 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 6. 1 0 E - 1 1 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 3. 2 7 E - 0 6 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) 1. 4 5 E - 0 9 x Da i l y s t o r m vo l u m e ( L ) AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 2 Ge n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n S t o r m W a t e r P e r m i t s : Wa s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n s w i l l b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e S t a t e B o a r d g e n e r a l p e r m i t u p o n r e n e w a l o r i n t o a w a t e r s h e d - s p e c i f i c g e n e r al pe r m i t d e v e l o p e d b y t h e R e g i o n a l B o a r d . • D r y - w e a t h e r I m p l e m e n t a t i o n N on - s t o r m w a t e r f l o w s a u t h o r i z e d b y t h e G e n e r a l Pe r m i t f o r S t o rm W a t e r D i s c h a r g e s A s s o c i a t e d wi t h C o n s t r u c t i o n A c t i v i t y ( W a t e r Q u a l i t y Or d e r N o . 9 9 - 0 8 D W Q ) , o r a n y s u c c e s s o r o r de r , a r e e x e m p t f r om t h e d r y - w e a t h e r wa s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n e q u a l t o z e r o a s l o n g a s t h e y c o m p l y w i t h th e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n s C . 3 a n d A . 9 o f t h e O r d e r N o . 9 9 - 0 8 DW Q , w h i c h s t a t e t h a t t h e s e a u t h o r iz e d n o n - s t o r m d i s c h a r g e s s h a l l b e : (1 ) i n f e a s i b l e t o e l i m i n a t e (2 ) c o m p l y w i t h B M P s a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e S t o r m W a t e r P o l l u t i o n P r e v e n t i o n P l an p r e p a r e d b y t h e p e r m i t t e e , a n d (3 ) n o t c a u s e o r c o n t r i b u t e t o a v i o l a t i o n o f w a t e r q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s , o r c o m p a r a b l e p r o v i s i o n s i n a n y s u c c e s s o r o r d e r . Un a u t h o r i z e d n o n - s t o r m w a t e r f l o w s a r e a l r e a d y p r o h i b i t e d b y O r d e r N o . 9 9 - 0 8 D W Q . • W e t - w e a t h e r I m p l e m e n t a t i o n W i t h i n s e v e n ye a r s o f t h e e f f e c t i v e d a t e of t h e T M D L , t h e c o n s t r u c t i on i n d u s t r y w i l l s u b m i t t h e re s u l t s o f B M P e f f e c t i v e n e s s s t u d i e s t o de t e r m i n e B M P s t h a t w i l l a c h i e v e c o m p l i a n c e wi t h t h e f i n a l w a s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n s as s i g n e d t o c o n s t r u c t i o n s t or m w a t e r p e r m i t t e e s . • R e g i o n a l B o a r d s t a f f w i l l b r i n g t h e r e c o m m e n d e d B M P s b e f o r e th e R e g i o n a l B o a r d f o r c o n s i d e r at i o n w i t h i n e i g h t y e a r s o f t h e ef f e c t i v e d a t e o f t h e T M D L . • G e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t t ee s w i l l b e c o n s i d e r e d i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h fi n a l w a s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n s i f t h e y im p l e m e n t t h e s e R e g i o n a l B o a r d ap p r o v e d B M P s . A l l p e r m i t t e e s m u s t i m p l e m e n t t he a p p r o v e d B M P s w i t h i n n i n e y e a r s o f t h e ef f e c t i v e d a t e o f t h e T M D L . I f n o e f f e c t iv e n e s s s t u d i e s a r e c o n d u c t e d a n d n o B M P s a r e ap p r o v e d b y t h e R e g i o n a l B o a r d w i t h i n ei g h t y e a r s o f t h e e f f e c t i v e da t e o f t h e T M D L , e a c h g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m wa t e r p e r m i t h o l d e r w i l l b e s u b j e c t t o s i t e - sp e c i f i c B M P s a n d m o n i t o r i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s t o d e m o n s t r a t e c o m p l i a n c e w i t h f i n a l w a s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n s . Re g i o n 4 C a l l e a g u a s C r e e k - O C P e s t ic i d e s , P C B s , a n d S i l t a t i o n In t e r i m R e q u i r e m e n t s Re g i o n 4 C a l l e a g u a s C r e e k So u r c e : M i n o r N P D E S p o i n t s o u r c e s / W D R s TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 3 1 4 2 0 0 6 TM D L T y p e : C r e e k Po l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r W L A D a i l y M a x (µ g / L ) W L A M o n t h l y A v e ( µ g / L ) Ch l o r d a n e 1 . 2 0 . 5 9 4, 4 - D D D 1 . 7 0. 8 4 4, 4 - D D E 1 . 2 0. 5 9 4, 4 - D D T 1 . 2 0. 5 9 Di e l d r i n 0 . 2 8 0. 1 4 PC B ’ s 0 . 3 4 0. 1 7 To x a p h e n e 0 . 3 3 0. 1 6 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 3 Fi n a l W L A ( n g / g ) Re g i o n 4 C a l l e a g u a s C r e e k So u r c e : S t o r m w a t e r P e r m i t t e e s TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 3 1 4 2 0 0 6 TM D L T y p e : C r e e k Ch l o r d a n e 4, 4 - D D D 4, 4 - D D E 4, 4 - D D T Di e l d r i n PC B ’ s To x a p h e n e Mu g u L a g o o n * 3 . 3 2. 0 2 . 2 0 . 3 4 . 3 1 8 0 . 0 3 6 0 . 0 Ca l l e g a u s C r e e k 3 . 3 2. 0 1 . 4 0 . 3 0. 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 . 6 Re v o l o n S l o u g h ( S W ) * 0 . 9 2. 0 1 . 4 0 . 3 0. 1 1 3 0 . 0 1 . 0 Ar r o y o L a s p o s a s ( S W ) * 3 . 3 2. 0 1 . 4 0 . 3 0. 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 . 6 Ar r o y o S i m i 3 . 3 2. 0 1 . 4 0 . 3 0. 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 . 6 Co n e j o C r e e k 3 . 3 2. 0 1 . 4 0 . 3 0. 2 1 2 0 . 0 0 . 6 In t e r i m R e q u i r e m e n t s ( n g / g ) Mu g u L a g o o n * 2 5 . 0 69 . 0 3 0 0 . 0 3 9 . 0 1 9 . 0 1 8 0 . 2 2 9 0 0 . 0 Ca l l e g a u s C r e e k 1 7 . 0 66 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 3 . 0 3 8 0 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 Re v o l o n S l o u g h ( S W ) * 4 8 . 0 40 0 . 0 1 6 0 0 . 0 6 9 0 . 0 5 . 7 7 6 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 Ar r o y o L a s p o s a s ( S W ) * 3 . 3 29 0 . 0 9 5 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 1 . 1 2 5 7 0 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 Ar r o y o S i m i 3 . 3 14 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 2 5 . 0 1 . 1 2 5 7 0 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 Co n e j o C r e e k 3 . 4 5. 3 2 0 . 0 2 . 0 3 . 0 3 8 0 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 *( S W ) = S u b w a t e r s h e d *M u g u L a g o o n i n c l u d e s D u c k p o n d / A g r i c u l t u r al D r a i n / M u g u / O x n a r d D r a i n # 2 Co m p l i a n c e w i t h s e d i m e n t b a s e d W L A s i s m ea s u r e d a s a n i n s t r e a m a n n u a l av e r a g e a t t h e b a s e o f e a c h s u b w a t e r s h e d w h e r e t h e di s c h a r g e s a r e l o c a t e d . Re g i o n 4 C a l l e g u a s C r e e k - S a l t s Fi n a l D r y W e a t h e r P o l l u t a n t W L A ( m g / L ) Re g i o n 4 Ca l l e a g u a s C r e e k So u r c e P e r m i t t e d S t o r m w a t e r D i s c h a r g e r s T M D L Co m p l e t i o n D a t e : 1 2 2 2 0 0 8 TM D L T y p e : C r e e k Cr i t i c a l Co n d i t i o n Fl o w R a t e (m g d ) Ch l o r i d e (l b / d a y ) TD S (l b / d a y ) Su l f a t e (l b / d a y ) Bo r o n (l b / d a y ) Si m i 1 . 3 9 1 7 3 8 . 0 9 8 4 9 . 0 2 8 9 7 . 0 1 2 . 0 La s P o s a s 0 . 1 3 1 5 7 . 0 8 8 7 . 0 2 6 1 . 0 N / A Co n e j o 1 . 2 6 1 5 7 6 . 0 8 9 3 1 . 0 2 6 2 7 . 0 N / A AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 4 Ca m a r i l l o 0 . 0 6 7 2 . 0 4 0 6 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 N / A Pl e a s a n t V a l l e y ( C a l l e g u a s ) 0 . 1 2 1 5 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 N / A Pl e a s a n t V a l l e y ( R e v o l o n ) 0 . 2 5 3 1 4 . 0 1 7 7 8 . 0 5 2 3 . 0 2 . 0 Dr y W e a t h e r I n t e r i m P o l l u t a n t W L A ( m g / L ) Ch l o r i d e ( m g / L ) T D S ( m g / L ) Su l f a t e ( m g / L ) B o r o n ( m g / L ) Si m i 2 3 0 . 0 1 7 2 0 . 0 1 2 8 9 . 0 1 . 3 La s P o s a s 2 3 0 . 0 17 2 0 . 0 12 8 9 . 0 1. 3 Co n e j o 2 3 0 . 0 17 2 0 . 0 12 8 9 . 0 1. 3 Ca m a r i l l o 2 3 0 . 0 17 2 0 . 0 12 8 9 . 0 1. 3 Pl e a s a n t V a l l e y ( C a l l e g u a s ) 2 3 0 . 0 17 2 0 . 0 12 8 9 . 0 1. 3 Pl e a s a n t V a l l e y ( R e v o l o n ) 2 3 0 . 0 17 2 0 . 0 12 8 9 . 0 1. 3 • G e n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r m i t t e e s a r e a s s i gn e d a d r y w e a t h e r w a s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n e q u a l t o t h e a v e r a g e d r y w e a t h e r c r i t i c a l co n d i t i o n f l o w r a t e m u l t i p l i e d b y t h e n u m e r ic t a r g e t f o r e a c h c o n s t i t u e n t . W a s t e l o a d al l o c a t i o n s a p p l y i n t h e r e c e i v i n g w a t e r at th e b a s e o f e a c h s u b w a t e r s he d . D r y w e a t h e r a l l o c a t i o n s a p p l y w h en i n s t r e a m f l o w r a t e s a r e b e l o w t h e 8 6 t h p e r c e n t i l e f l o w a n d th e r e h a s b e e n n o m e a s u r a b l e p r e c i p i t at i o n i n t h e p r e v i o u s 2 4 h o u r s . • B e c a u s e w e t w e a t h e r f l o w s t r a n s p o r t a l a r g e m a s s o f s a l t s at l o w c o n c e n t r a t i o n s , t h e s e di s c h a r g e r s m e e t w a t e r q u a l i t y ob j e c t i v e s d u r i n g w e t w e a t h e r . • I n t e r i m l i m i t s a r e a s s i g n e d f o r d r y w e a t h e r di s c h a r g e s f r o m a r e a s c o v e r e d b y N P D E S st o r m w a t e r p e r m i t s t o a l l o w t i m e t o im p l e m e n t a p p r o p r i a t e a c t i o n s . T h e i n t e r i m l i mi t s a r e a s s i g n e d a s c o n c e n t r a t i o n b a s e d re c e i v i n g w a t e r l i m i t s s e t t o t h e 9 5 t h pe r c e n t i l e o f t h e d i s c h a r g e r d a t a a s a m o n t h l y a v e r a g e l i m i t e x c e p t f o r c h l o ri d e . T h e 9 5 t h p e r c e n t i l e f o r c h l o r i d e w a s 2 6 7 m g / L wh i c h i s h i g h e r t h a n t h e r e c o m m e n d e d c r i t e r i a se t f o r t h i n t h e B a s i n P l a n f o r p r o t e c t i o n o f s e n s i t i v e b e n e f i c i a l u s e s i n c l u d i n g aq u a t i c l i f e . T h e r e f o r e , t h e i n t e r i m l i m i t f o r c h l o r i d e f o r P e r m i t t ed S t o r m w a t e r D i s c h a r g e r s i s s e t e q u a l t o 2 3 0 m g / L t o e n s u r e pr o t e c t i o n o f s e n s i t i v e be n e f i c i a l u s e s i n t h e C a ll e g u a s C r e e k w a t e r s h e d . Re g i o n 4 S a n G a b r i e l R i v e r a n d T r ib u t a r i e s - M e t a l s a n d S e l e n i u m Re g i o n 4 S a n G a b r i e l R i v e r a n d Tr i b u t a r i e s So u r c e : C o n s t r u c t i o n S t o r m w a t e r Di s c h a r g e r s TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 3 2 0 0 7 TM D L T y p e : C r e e k Po l l u t a n t St r e s s o r W e t w e a t h e r Al l o c a t i o n s Dr y W e a t h e r Al l o c a t i o n s % o f W a t e r s h e d AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 5 We t - w e a t h e r a l l o c a t i o n s f o r l e a d i n S a n G a br i e l R i v e r R e a c h 2 . C o n c e n t r a t i o n - b a s e d a ll o c a t i o n s a p p l y t o n on - s t o r m w a t e r N P D E S di s c h a r g e s . S t o r m w a t e r a l l o c a t i o n s a r e e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t o f l o a d d u r a t i o n c u rv e . M a s s - b a s e d v a l u e s p r e s e n t e d i n t a b l e a r e ba s e d o n a f l o w o f 2 6 0 c f s ( d a i l y s t o r m v o l u m e = 6 . 4 x 1 0 8 li t e r s ) . Th e r e a r e 1 5 5 5 a c r e s o f w a t e r i n t h e e n t i r e wa t e r s h e d , 3 7 . 4 a c r e s o f w a t e r i n t h e R e a c h 1 s u b w a t e r s h e d ( 2 . 4 % ) , a n d 2 6 9 a c r e s i n th e C o y o t e C r e e k s u b w a t e r s h e d ( 1 7 % ) . Ge n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n S t o r m W a t e r P e r m i t s Wa s t e l o a d a l l o c a t i o n s f o r t h e g e n e r a l c o n s t r uc t i o n s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t s m a y b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e St a t e B o a r d g e n e r a l p e r m i t up o n r e n e w a l o r i n t o a w a t e r s h e d - s p e c i f i c g e n e r al p e r m i t d e v e l o p e d b y t h e R e g i o n a l B o a r d . A n e s t i m a t e o f d i r e c t a t m o s p h e r i c de p o s i t i o n i s d e v e l o p e d b a s e d o n t h e pe r c e n t a r e a o f s u r f a c e w a t e r i n t h e w a t e r s h e d . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 4 % of t h e w a t e r s h e d a r e a dr a i n i n g t o S a n G a b r i e l R i v e r R e a c h 2 i s c o m p r i s e d o f w a t e r a n d ap p r o x i m a t e l y 0 . 2 % o f t h e w a t e r s he d a r e a d r a i n i n g t o C o y o t e Cr e e k i s c o m p r i s e d o f w a t e r . Re g i o n 4 T h e H a r b o r B e a c h e s of V e n t u r a C o u n t y - B a c t e r i a Th e T M D L h a s a m u l t i - p a r t n u m e r i c t a r g e t ba s e d o n t h e b a c t e r i o l o g i c a l w a te r q u a l i t y o b j e c t i v e s f o r m a r i ne w a t e r t o p r o t e c t t h e wa t e r c o n t a c t r e c r e a t i o n u s e . T h e s e t a r g e t s a r e t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e i nd i c a t o r s o f p u b l i c h e a l t h ri s k i n r e c r e a t i o n a l w a t e r s . Ba c t e r i o l o g i c a l o b j e c t i v e s a r e s e t f o r t h i n Ch a p t e r 3 o f t h e B a s i n P l a n . Th e o b j e c t i v e s a r e b a s e d o n f o u r b a c t e r i a i n d i c a t o r s a nd in c l u d e b o t h g e o m e t r i c m e a n l i m i t s a n d si n g l e s a m p l e l i m i t s . T h e B a s i n P l a n o b j e c t i v es t h a t s e r v e a s t h e nu m e r i c t a r g e t s f o r t h is TM D L a r e : Sa n G a b r i e l R e a c h 2 L e a d ( P b ) 0 . 7 % * 1 6 6 µ g / l * Da i l y S t o r m V o l N/ A 0 . 7 % Sa n G a b r i e l R e a c h 2 L e a d ( P b ) Ma s s b a s e d 0. 8 k g / d N/ A 0 . 7 % Co y o t e C r e e k C o p p e r ( C u ) 0 . 2 8 5 k g / d 0 5 . 0 % Co y o t e C r e e k L e a d ( P b ) 1 . 7 0 k g / d N / A 5 . 0 % Co y o t e C r e e k Z i n c ( Z n ) 2 . 4 k g / d N / A 5 . 0 % Sa n J o s e C r e e k R e a c h 1 a n d 2 Se l e n i u m 5 µ g / L 5 µ g / L 5 . 0 % AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 6 Th e G e n e r a l N P D E S C o n s t r u c t i o n p e r m i t i s s e e n a s a m i n o r c o n t r i b u t o r a n d i s g i v e n n o a l l o c a t i o n Ge n e r a l N P D E S p e r m i t s , i n d i v i d u a l N P D E S pe r m i t s , t h e S t a t e w i d e I n d u s t r i a l S t o rm W a t e r G e n e r a l P e r m i t , t h e S t a t e w i d e Co n s t r u c t i o n A c t i v i t y S t o r m W a t e r G e n e r al P e r m i t , a n d W D R p e r m i t t e e s i n t h e C ha n n e l I s l a n d s H a r b o r s u b w a t e r s h e d a r e as s i g n e d W L A s o f z e r o ( 0 ) d a y s o f a l l o w a b l e e x c e e d a n c e s f o r a l l t h r e e t i m e p e r i o d s an d f o r t h e s i n g l e s a m p l e l i m i t s a n d t h e r o l li n g 30 - d a y g e o m e t r i c m e a n . A n y f u t u r e e n r o l l e e s u n d e r a g e n e r a l N P D ES p e r m i t , i n d i v i d u a l N P D E S p e r m i t , t h e S t a t e w i d e I n d u s t r i a l St o r m W a t e r G e n e r a l P e r m i t, t h e S t a t e w i d e C o n s t r u c t i o n A c t i v i ty S t o r m W a t e r G e n e r a l P e r m i t , a nd W D R w i l l a l s o b e s u b j e c t t o a WL A o f z e r o ( 0 ) d a y s o f a ll o w a b l e e x c e e d a n c e s . Re g i o n 4 R e s o l u t i o n N o . 0 3 - 0 0 9 L o s A n g e l es R i v e r a n d T r i b u t a r i e s - N u t r i e n t s Mi n o r P o i n t S o u r c e s Wa s t e l o a d s a r e a l l o c a t e d t o m i n o r p o i n t so u r c e s e n r o l l e d u n d e r N P D E S o r W D R p e r m i t s in c l u d i n g b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o T a p i a W R P , Wh i t t i e r N a r r o w s W R P , L o s A n g e l e s Z o o W R P , i n d u s t r i a l a n d c on s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t e r , a n d m u n i ci p a l s t o r m w a t e r a n d u r b a n ru n o f f f r o m m u n i c i p a l s e p a r a t e s t o r m s e w e r s y s t e m s ( M S 4 s ) Ma l i b u C r e e k A t t a c h m e n t A t o Re s o l u t i o n N o . 2 0 0 4 - 0 1 9 R - B a c t e r i a 12 1 3 2 0 0 4 T h e W L A s f o r p e r m i t t e e s u n d e r t h e NP D E S G e n e r a l S t o r m w a t e r Co n s t r u c t i o n P e r m i t a r e z e r o ( 0 ) d a y s o f a l l o w a b l e ex c e e d a n c e s f o r a l l t h r e e t i m e p e r i o d s a n d f o r t h e s i n g l e s a m p l e l i m i t s a n d th e r o l l i n g 3 0 - d a y g e o m e t r i c m e a n . Re g i o n 4 M a r i n a d e l R e y H a r b o r , Mo t h e r s ’ B e a c h a n d B a c k B a s i n s Re g i o n 4 Mi n o r P o i n t S o u r c e s f o r NP D E S / W D R P e r m i t s TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 7 1 0 20 0 3 TM D L T y p e : R i v e r Po l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r / W L A To t a l A m m o n i a ( N H 3) N i t r a t e - n i t r o g e n (N O 3-N ) Ni t r i t e - n i t r o g e n (N O 2-N ) NO 3-N + N O 3-N 1 H r A v e mg / l 30 D a y A v e mg / l 30 D a y A v e m g / l 3 0 D a y A v e m g / l LA R i v e r A b o v e L o s An g e l e s - G l e n d a l e W R P (L A G ) 4. 7 1 . 6 8 . 0 1 . 0 8 . 0 LA R i v e r B e l o w L A G 8 . 7 2 . 4 8 . 0 1 . 0 8 . 0 Lo s A n g e l e s T r i b u t a r i e s 1 0 . 1 2 . 3 8 . 0 1 . 0 8 . 0 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 7 At t a c h m e n t A t o R e s o l u t i o n N o . 2 0 0 3 - 0 1 2 - B a c t e r i a 8 7 2 0 0 3 A s d i s c u s s e d i n “ S o u r c e A n a l y s i s ” , d i s c h a r g e s f r o m g e n e r a l N P D E S p e r m i t s , g e n e r a l i n d u s t r i al s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t s a n d ge n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t s a r e n o t e x p e c t e d t o b e a s i g n i f i c a n t s o u r c e o f ba c t e r i a . T h e r e f o r e , t h e W L A s f o r t h e s e di s c h a r g e s a r e z e r o ( 0 ) d a y s o f a l l o w a b l e ex c e e d a n c e s f o r a l l t h r e e t i m e p e r i o d s a n d f o r t h e s i n g l e s a m p l e l i m i t s a n d t h e r o l l i ng 30 - d a y g e o m e t r i c m e a n . A n y f u t u r e e n r o l l e e s u n d e r a g e n e r a l N P DE S p e r m i t , g e n e r a l i n d u s t r i a l st o r m w a t e r p e r m i t o r g e n e r a l co n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t w i t h i n t h e M d R W a t e r s h e d w i l l a l s o b e s u b j e c t t o a W L A of z e r o d a y s o f a l l o w a b l e e x c e e d a n c e s . Re g i o n 4 S a n G a b r i e l R i v e r a n d T r ib u t a r i e s - M e t a l s a n d S e l e n i u m Dr y W e a t h e r S e l e n i u m W L A A z e r o W L A i s a s s i g n e d t o t h e i n d u s t r i a l a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w at e r p e r m i t s d u r i n g d r y w e a t h e r . No n - s t o r m w a t e r d i s c h a r g e s a r e al r e a d y p r o h i b i t e d o r r e s t r i c t e d by e x i s t i n g g e n e r a l p e r m i t s . Ea c h e n r o l l e e u n d e r t h e g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t er p e r m i t r e c e i v e s a W L A o n a p e r a c r e b a s i s Re g i o n 4 Ge n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r m i t t e e s TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 7 1 3 2 0 0 6 TM D L T y p e : R i v e r To t a l R e c o v e r a b l e M e t a l s ( k g / d a y ) Co p p e r ( C u ) Kg / d a y Le a d ( P b ) Kg / d a y Zi n c ( Z n ) Kg / d a y Sa n G a b r i e l R i v e r R e a c h 2 a n d up s t r e a m r e a c h e s / t r i b u t a r i e s XX X X Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 1 . 2 4 µg / L XX X X Co y o t e C r e e k a n d T r i b u t a r i e s D a i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 0 . 7 µg / L Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 4 . 3 µg / L Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 6 . 2 µg / L Re g i o n 4 Ge n e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r m i t t e e s T M D L Co m p l e t i o n D a t e : 7 1 3 2 0 0 6 TM D L T y p e : R i v e r To t a l R e c o v e r a b l e M e t a l s ( k g / d a y / a c r e ) Co p p e r ( C u ) Kg / a c r e / d a y Le a d ( P b ) Kg / a c r e / d a y Zi n c ( Z n ) Kg / a c r e / d a y Sa n G a b r i e l R i v e r R e a c h 2 a n d up s t r e a m r e a c h e s / t r i b u t a r i e s XX X X Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 0 . 5 6 µg / L XX X X AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 8 Fo r t h e g e n e r a l i n d u s t r i a l a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n s t or m w a t e r p e r m i t s , t h e d a i l y s t o r m v o l u m e i s m e a s u r e d a t U S G S s t a t i o n 1 1 0 8 5 0 0 0 fo r d i s c h a r g e s t o R e a c h 2 a n d a b o v e a n d a t L A C D P W f l o w g a u g e st a t i o n F 3 5 4 - R f o r d i s c h a r g e s t o C o y o t e C r e e k . Ge n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m w a t e r p e r m i t s WL A s w i l l b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e S t a t e B o a r d g e n e r a l p e r m i t u p o n r e n e w a l o r i n to a w a t e r s h e d - s p e c i f i c g e n e r a l p e r m i t de v e l o p e d b y t h e Re g i o n a l B o a r d . Dr y - w e a t h e r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n No n - s t o r m w a t e r f l o w s a u t h o r i z e d b y t h e Ge n e r a l P e r m i t f o r S t o r m W a t e r D i s c h a r g e s A s s o c i a t e d w i t h C o n s t r u c t i o n A c t i v i t y (N P D E S P e r m i t N o . C A S 0 0 0 0 0 2 ) , o r an y s u c c e s s o r p e r m i t , a r e e x e m p t fr o m t h e d r y - w e a t h e r W L A e q u a l t o z e r o a s l o n g a s t h e y co m p l y w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s e c t i o n s C. 3 . a n d A . 9 o f t h e O r d e r N o . 9 9 - 0 8 D W Q , w h i c h s t a t e t h a t t h e s e a u t h o r i z e d n o n - s t o r m di s c h a r g e s s h a l l b e ( 1 ) i n f e a s i b l e t o e l i m i na t e ( 2 ) c o m p l y w i t h B M P s a s d e s c r i b e d i n th e S t o r m W a t e r P o l l u t i o n P r e v e n t i o n P l a n pr e p a r e d b y t h e p e r m i t t e e , a n d ( 3 ) n o t c a u s e o r co n t r i b u t e t o a v i o l a t i o n o f w a t e r q u a l i t y s t a n d a r d s , o r c o m p a r a b l e p r o v i s i o n s in an y s u c c e s s o r o r d e r . U n a u t h o r i z e d n o n - s t or m w a t e r f l o w s a r e a l r e a d y p r o h i bi t e d b y P e r m i t N o . C A S 0 0 0 0 0 2 . Up o n p e r m i t i s s u a n c e , r e n e w a l , o r r e - o p e n e r No n - s t o r m w a t e r f l o w s n o t a u t h o r i z e d b y O r d e r N o . 9 9 - 0 8 D W Q , o r a n y s u c c e s s o r o r d e r , sh a l l a c h i e v e d r y - w e a t h e r W L A s . W L A s sh a l l b e e x p r e s s e d a s N P D E S w a t e r q u a l i t y - b a s ed e f f l u e n t l i m i t a t i o n s s p e c i f i e d i n a c c o r da n c e w i t h f e d e r a l r eg u l a t i o n s a n d s t a t e po l i c y o n w a t e r q u a l i t y c o n t r o l . E f f l u e n t l i m i t at i o n s m a y b e e x p r e s s e d a s p e r m i t c o n d i t i on s , s u c h a s t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n , m a i n t e n a nc e , an d m o n i t o r i n g o f R e g i o n a l B o a r d - a p p r o v e d B M P s . Si x y e a r s f r o m t h e e f f e c t iv e d a t e o f t h e T M D L Th e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n d u s t r y w i l l s u b m i t t h e r e su l t s o f w e t - w e a t h e r B M P e f f e c t i v e n e s s s t u d ie s t o t h e L o s A n g e l e s R e g i o n a l B o a r d f o r co n s i d e r a t i o n . I n t h e e v e n t t ha t n o e f f e c t i v e n e s s s t u d i e s a r e c o n d u c t e d a n d n o B M Ps a r e a p p r o v e d , p e r m i t t e e s s h a l l b e s u b j e c t t o si t e - s p e c i f i c B M P s a n d m o n i t o r i n g t o d e m o n s t r a t e B M P e f f e c t i v e n e s s . Se v e n y e a r s f r o m t h e e f f ec t i v e d a t e o f t h e T M D L Th e L o s A n g e l e s R e g i o n a l B o a r d w i l l c o n s i d e r r e s u l t s o f t h e w e t w e a t h e r B M P e f f e c t i v e n e s s s t u d i e s an d c o n s i d e r a p p r o v a l o f BM P s . Ei g h t y e a r s f r o m t h e e f f ec t i v e d a t e o f t h e T M D L Al l g e n e r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n s t o r m wa t e r p e r m i t t e e s s h a l l i m p l e m e n t R e g i o n a l B o a r d - a p p r o v e d B M P s . Re g i o n 8 R E S O L U T I O N N O . R 8 - 2 0 0 7 - 0 0 2 4 Co y o t e C r e e k a n d T r i b u t a r i e s D a i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 0 . 1 2 µg / L Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 0 . 7 0 µg / L Da i l y s t o r m v o l u m e x 1 . 0 1 µg / L AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 9 To t a l M a x i m u m D a i l y L o a d s ( T M D L s ) f o r S a n D i e g o C r e e k , Up p e r a n d L o w e r N e w p o r t B a y , O r a n g e C o u n t y , C a l i f o r n i a *R e d = I n f o r m a t i o n a l W L A o n l y , no t f o r e n f o r c e m e n t p u r p o s e s Or g a n o c h l o r i n e C o m p o u n d s T M D L s I m p l e m e n t a t i o n T a s k s a n d S c h e d u l e Re g i o n a l B o a r d s t a f f s h a l l d e v e l o p a S W P P P I m p r o v e m e n t P r o g r a m t ha t i d e n t i f i e s t h e R e g i o n a l B oa r d ’ s e x p e c t a t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t to t h e c o n t e n t o f S W P P P s , i n c l u d i n g d o c um e n t a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e s e l e c t i o n a n d i m pl e m e n t a t i o n o f B M P s , a n d a s a m p l i n g a n d an a l y s i s p l a n . T h e I m p r o v e m e n t Pr o g r a m s h a l l i n c l u d e s p e c i f i c g u i d a n c e r e g a r d in g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t a n d i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f mo n i t o r i n g p l a n s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c o n s t i t u e n t s t o b e m o n i t o re d , s a m p l i n g f r e q u e n c y a n d a n a l y t ic a l p r o t o c o l s . T h e S W P P P Im p r o v e m e n t P r o g r a m s h a l l b e c o m p l e t e d b y ( th e d a t e o f O A L a p p r o v a l o f t h i s B P A ). No l a t e r t h a n t w o m o n t h s f r o m c o m p l e t i o n of t h e I m p r o v e m e n t P r o g r a m , B o a r d s t a f f s h a l l a s s u r e t h a t t he r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e P r o g r a m ar e c o m m u n i c a t e d t o i n t e r e s t e d pa r t i e s , i n c l u d i n g d i s c h a r g e r s w i t h e x i s t i n g au t h o r i z a t i o n s u n d e r t h e G en e r a l C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r m i t . E x i s t i n g , a u t h o r i z e d d i s c h a r ge r s sh a l l r e v i s e t h e i r p r o j e c t S W P P P s a s n e e d e d t o a d d r e s s th e P r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s a s s o o n a s p o s s i b l e b u t no l a t e r t h a n ( t h r e e mo n t h s o f c o m p l e t i o n o f th e S W P P P I m p r o v e m e n t P r o g r a m ) . A p p l i c a b l e S W P P P s t h a t d o no t a d e q u a t e l y a d d r e s s t h e Pr o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s s h a l l b e c o ns i d e r e d i n a d e q u a t e a n d e n f o r ce m e n t b y t h e R e g i o n a l B o a r d sh a l l p r o c e e d a c c o r d i n g l y . T h e Ca l t r a n s a n d O r a n g e C o u n t y M S 4 p e r m i t s s h a ll b e r e v i s e d a s n e e d e d t o a s s u r e t h a t t h e p e r m i t t e e s c o m m u n i c a t e t h e R e g i o n a l Bo a r d ’ s S W P P P e x p e c t a t i o n s , b a s e d o n t he S W P P P I m p r o v e m e n t P r o g r a m , w i t h t h e S t a n d a r d C o n d i t i o n s o f A p p r o v a l . Re g i o n 8 NP D E S C o n s t r u c t i o n P e r m i t TM D L C o m p l e t i o n D a t e : 1 2 4 1 9 9 5 TM D L T y p e : R i v e r . C r , B a y Or g a n o c h l o r i n e C o m p o u n d s To t a l D D T Ch l o r d a n e T o t a l P C B s To x a p h e n e g/ d a y g / y r g / d a y g / y r g/ d a y g / y r g / d a y g / y r Sa n D i e g o C r e e k . 2 7 9 9 . 8 .1 8 * 6 4 . 3 * . 0 9 * 3 1 . 5 * .0 0 4 1 . 5 Up p e r N e w p o r t B a y . 1 1 40 . 3 . 0 6 2 3 . 4 . 0 6 2 3 . 2 X X Lo w e r N e w p o r t B a y . 0 4 14 . 9 . 0 2 8 . 6 . 1 7 6 0 . 7 X X AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 1 Ap p e n d i x 4 S e d i m e n t T M D L s Im p l e m e n t e d S e d i m e n t T M D L s i n C a l i f o r n i a . C o n s t r u c t i o n w a s l i s t e d a s a s o u r c e i n a l l f o t h e s e T M D L s i n r e l a t i o n t o r o a d c o n s t r u ct i o n . Al t h o u g h c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s m e n t i o n e d a s a s o u r c e , i t w a s n o t g i v e n a s p e c i f i c a l l o c a t i o n a m o u n t . T h e c l o s e s t a l l o c a t i o n a m o u n t w ou l d b e f o r th e r o a d a c t i v i t y m a n a g e m e n t W L A . Im p l e m e n t a t i o n P h a s e – A d o p t i o n p r o c e s s b y t h e R e g i o n a l B o a r d, t h e S t a t e W a t e r R e s o u r c e s C o n t r o l Bo a r d , t h e O f f i c e o f A d m i n i s t r a t i v e L a w , a nd t h e U S E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y c o m p l e t e d a n d T M D L b e i n g i m p l e m e n t e d . A. R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l S o u r c e s T M D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . a l b i o n f i n a l t md l R A l b i o n R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d C o n s t r u c t i o n 2 0 0 1 4 3 a c r e s S e e A (t a b l e 6 ) B R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r Po t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R 1 . e p a . E e l R - mi d d l e . m a i n S e d . t e mp R M i d d l e M a i n E e l R i v e r a n d Tr i b u t a r i e s ( f r o m D o s R i o s to t h e S o u t h F o r k ) Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 20 0 5 - 2 0 0 6 5 2 1 m i 2 1 0 0 C R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . E e l R s o u t h . se d . t e m p R S o u t h F o r k E e l R i v e r Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 1 9 9 9 S e e c h a r t 4 7 3 D R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r Po t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . b i g f i n a l t m d l R B i g R i v e r Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 0 1 1 8 1 m i 2 wa t e r s h e d dr a i n a g e TM D L = l o a d i n g ca p a c i t y = n o n p o i n t so u r c e s + b a c k g r o u n d = AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 2 39 3 t m i 2 y r E R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R 1 . e p a . E e l R - lo w e r . S e d . t e m p - 12 1 8 0 7 - s i g n e d R L o w e r E e l R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 0 7 3 0 0 s q u a r e - mi l e wa t e r s h e d 89 8 F R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R 1 . e p a . E e l R - mi d d l e . S e d . t e m p - R M i d d l e F o r k E e l Ri v e r Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 0 3 7 5 3 m i 2 (a p p r o x . 48 2 , 0 0 0 a c r e s ) 82 G R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s Mi 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . E e l R n o r t h - Se d . t e m p . f i n a l - 12 1 8 0 7 - s i g n e d R N o r t h F o r k E e l Ri v e r Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 3 0 2 0 0 2 2 8 9 (1 8 0 , 0 2 0 ac r e s ) 20 H R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r Po t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s M i 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R 1 . e p a . E e l R - up p e r . m a i n S e d . t e mp - R U p p e r M a i n E e l R i v e r an d T r i b u t a r i e s ( i n c l u d i n g To m k i C r e e k , O u t l e t Cr e e k a n d L a k e Pi l l s b u r y ) Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 9 2 0 0 4 6 8 8 (a p p r o x . 44 0 , 3 8 4 ac r e s ) 14 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 3 I R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l S o u r c e s T M D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . g u a l a l a f i n a lt m d l R G u a l a l a R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d C o n s t r u c t i o n N o t s u r e 3 0 0 (1 9 1 , 1 4 5 ac r e s ) 7 J R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R 1 . e p a . M a d - se d . t u r b i d i t y R M a d R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 1 2 0 0 7 4 8 0 1 7 4 K R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . m a t t o l e . s e di m e n t R M a t t o l e R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 3 0 2 0 0 3 2 9 6 2 7 o r 52 0 + 2 7 = 5 4 7 L R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r Po t e n t i a l S o u r c e s T M D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d A c r e s mi 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . n a v a r r o . s e d. t e m p R N a v a r r o R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d C o n s t r u c t i o n N o t s u r e 3 1 5 ( 2 0 1 , 6 0 0 ac r e s ) . 50 M R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t St r e s s o r Po t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d A c r e s mi 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . n o y o . s e d i me n t R N o y o R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 1 6 1 9 9 9 1 1 3 ( 7 2 , 3 2 3 a c r e s ) 6 8 ( t h r e e ar e a s me a s u r e d ) Ta b l e 1 6 i n th e T M D L AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 4 N R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . R e d w o o dC k . s e d Cr R e d w o o d C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 3 0 1 9 9 8 2 7 8 1 9 0 0 To t a l a l l o c a t i o n O R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A – R o a d s to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . t e n m i l e . s ed R T e n M i l e R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 20 0 0 1 2 0 9 P R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A ma n a g e m e n t to n s m i 2 y r 1 R1 . e p a . t r i n i t y . s e d R T r i n i t y R i v e r S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 o f 30 0 0 co v e r e d i n th i s T M D L Se e r o w s be l o w 1 C r H o r s e L i n t o C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 6 4 5 2 8 1 C r M i l l c r e e k a n d T i s h Ta n g Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 9 2 1 0 1 C r W i l l o w C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 4 3 9 4 1 C r C a m p b e l l C r e e k a n d Su p p l y C r e e k Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 6 1 1 C r L o w e r M a i n s t e m a n d Co o n C r e e k Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 2 6 3 1 R R e f e r e n c e S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d 1 2 2 0 2 0 0 1 4 3 4 2 4 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Su b w a t e r s h e d 1 C o n s t r u c t i o n 1 C r C a n y o n C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 6 4 3 2 6 1 R U p p e r T r i b u t a r i e s 2 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 7 2 6 7 1 R M i d d l e T r i b u t a r i e s 3 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 5 4 5 3 1 R L o w e r T r i b u t a r i e s 4 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 9 6 5 5 1 C r W e a v e r a n d R u s h Cr e e k s Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 7 2 1 6 9 1 C r D e a d w o o d C r e e k Ho a d l e y G u l c h Po k e r B a r Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 4 7 6 8 1 L L e w i s t o n L a k e S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 5 4 9 1 C r G r a s s v a l l e y C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 7 4 4 1 C r I n d i a n C r e e k S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 3 4 8 1 1 C r R e a d i n g a n d B r o w n s Cr e e k Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 4 6 6 1 C r R e f e r e n c e Su b w a t e r s h e d s 5 Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 2 3 5 2 8 1 1 L , C r W e s t s i d e t r i b u t a r i e s 6 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 9 3 1 0 5 1 R , C r , G Up p e r t r i n i t y 7 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 6 1 6 9 0 1 R , C r , G Ea s t F o r k T r i b u t a r i e s 8 Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 5 6 5 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 6 1 N e w R i v e r , B i g F r e n c h , M a n z a n i t a , N o r t h F o r k , E a s t F o r k , N o r t h F o r k 2 D u t c h , S o l d i e r , O r e g o n g u l c h , C o n n e r C r e e k 3 B i g B a r , P r a i r i e C r e e k , L i t t l e F r e n c h C r e e k 4 S w e d e , I t a l i a n , C a n a d i a n , C e d a r F l a t , M i l l , M c Do n a l d , H e n n e s s y , Q u i m b y , H a w k i n s , S h a r b e r 5 S t u a r t s F o r k , S w i f t C r e e k , C o f f e e C r e e k 6 S t u a r t A r m , S t o n e y C r e e k , M u l e C r e e k , E a s t F o r k , S t u a r t F o r k , W e s t S i d e T r i n i t y L a k e , H a t c h e t C r e e k , B u c k e y e C r e e k , 7 U p p e r T r i n i t y R i v e r , T a n g l e B l u e , S u n f l o w e r , G r a v e s , B e a r U p p e r T r i n i t y M a i n s t r e a m , R a m s h o r n C r e e k , R i p p l e C r e e k , M i n n e h a h a Cr e e k , Sn o w s l i d e G u l c h , S c o r p i o n C r e e k 8 E a s t F o r k T r i n i t y , C e d a r C r e e k , S q u i r r e l G u l c h 9 E a s t S i d e T r i b u t a r i e s , T r i n i t y L a k e 9 1 R , L E a s t s i d e T r i b u t a r i e s 9 S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 2 0 2 0 0 1 8 9 6 0 Q R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A t o n s m i 2 yr 1 R1 . e p a . t r i n i t y . s o . s e d R, C r S o u t h F o r k Tr i n i t y R i v e r an d H a y f o r k Cr e e k Se d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 12 1 9 9 8 N o t g i v e n , 19 m i l e s lo n g 33 ( r o a d t o t a l ) R R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A t o n s m i 2 yr 1 R1 . e p a . v a n d u z e n . s e d R, C r V a n D u z e n Ri v e r a n d Ya g e r C r e e k Se d i m e n t a t i o n V a r i o u s 1 2 1 6 1 9 9 9 42 9 13 5 3 t o t a l al l o c a t i o n 1 U p p e r B a s i n S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 7 1 M i d d l e B a s i n S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 22 1 L o w e r B a s i n S e d i m e n t a t i o n R o a d Co n s t r u c t i o n 20 S R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l T M D L W a t e r s h e d WL A t o n s m i 2 AP P E N D I X 4 20 0 9 - 0 0 0 9 - D W Q a s a m e n d e d b y 2 0 1 0 - 0 0 1 4 -D W Q & 2 0 1 2 - 0 0 0 6 - D W Q 7 Ad o p t e d T M D L s f o r C o n s t r u c t i o n S e d i m e n t S o u r c e s So u r c e s C o m p l e t i o n Da t e Ac r e s m i 2 yr 6 R6 . b l a c k w o o d . s e d C r B l a c k w o o d Cr e e k ( P l a c e r Co u n t y ) Be d d e d S e d i m e n t V a r i o u s 9 2 0 0 7 1 1 17 2 7 2 t o t a l T R e g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l So u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ac r e s m i 2 WL A t o n s m i 2 yr 6 R6 . S q u a w C k . s e d R S q u a w C r e e k (P l a c e r Co u n t y ) Se d i m e n t a t i o n /c o n t r o l l a b l e s o u r c e s Va r i o u s – b a s i n pl a n am e n d m e n t 4 1 3 2 0 0 6 8 . 2 1 0 , 9 0 0 Re g i o n T y p e N a m e P o l l u t a n t S t r e s s o r P o t e n t i a l S o u r c e s TM D L Co m p l e t i o n Da t e Wa t e r s h e d Ar e a m i 2 Wa s t e l o a d Al l o c a t i o n to n s m i 2 y r 8 R N e w p o r t Ba y S a n Di e g o Cr e e k Wa t e r s h e d Se d i m e n t a t i o n Co n s t r u c t i o n L a n d De v e l o p m e n t 19 9 9 2 . 2 4 ( 1 4 3 2 ac r e s ) 12 5 , 0 0 0 t o n s pe r Ye a r ( n o mo r e t h a n 13 , 0 0 0 t o n s pe r y e a r fr o m co n s t r u c t i o n si t e s ) APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 APPENDIX 5: Glossary Active Areas of Construction All areas subject to land surface disturbance activities related to the project including, but not limited to, project staging areas, immediate access areas and storage areas. All previously active areas are still considered active areas until final stabilization is complete. [The construction activity Phases used in this General Permit are the Preliminary Phase, Grading and Land Development Phase, Streets and Utilities Phase, and the Vertical Construction Phase.] Active Treatment System (ATS) A treatment system that employs chemical coagulation, chemical flocculation, or electrocoagulation to aid in the reduction of turbidity caused by fine suspended sediment. Acute Toxicity Test A chemical stimulus severe enough to rapidly induce a negative effect; in aquatic toxicity tests, an effect observed within 96 hours or less is considered acute. Air Deposition Airborne particulates from construction activities. Approved Signatory A person who has been authorized by the Legally Responsible Person to sign, certify, and electronically submit Permit Registration Documents, Notices of Termination, and any other documents, reports, or information required by the General Permit, the State or Regional Water Board, or U.S. EPA. The Approved Signatory must be one of the following: 1. For a corporation or limited liability company: a responsible corporate officer. For the purpose of this section, a responsible corporate officer means: (a) a president, secretary, treasurer, or vice-president of the corporation in charge of a principal business function, or any other person who performs similar policy or decision-making functions for the corporation or limited liability company; or (b) the manager of the facility if authority to sign documents has been assigned or delegated to the manager in accordance with corporate procedures; 2. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: a general partner or the proprietor, respectively; 3. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency: a principal executive officer, ranking elected official, city manager, council president, or any other authorized public employee with managerial responsibility over the APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 2 construction or land disturbance project (including, but not limited to, project manager, project superintendent, or resident engineer); 4. For the military: any military officer or Department of Defense civilian, acting in an equivalent capacity to a military officer, who has been designated; 5. For a public university: an authorized university official; 6. For an individual: the individual, because the individual acts as both the Legally Responsible Person and the Approved Signatory; or 7. For any type of entity not listed above (e.g. trusts, estates, receivers): an authorized person with managerial authority over the construction or land disturbance project. Beneficial Uses As defined in the California Water Code, beneficial uses of the waters of the state that may be protected against quality degradation include, but are not limited to, domestic, municipal, agricultural and industrial supply; power generation; recreation; aesthetic enjoyment; navigation; and preservation and enhancement of fish, wildlife, and other aquatic resources or preserves. Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BAT) As defined by USEPA, BAT is a technology-based standard established by the Clean Water Act (CWA) as the most appropriate means available on a national basis for controlling the direct discharge of toxic and nonconventional pollutants to navigable waters. The BAT effluent limitations guidelines, in general, represent the best existing performance of treatment technologies that are economically achievable within an industrial point source category or subcategory. Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (BCT) As defined by USEPA, BCT is a technology-based standard for the discharge from existing industrial point sources of conventional pollutants including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended sediment (TSS), fecal coliform, pH, oil and grease. Best Professional Judgment (BPJ) The method used by permit writers to develop technology-based NPDES permit conditions on a case-by-case basis using all reasonably available and relevant data. Best Management Practices (BMPs) BMPs are scheduling of activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and other management practices to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants. BMPs also include treatment requirements, operating procedures, APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 3 and practices to control site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste disposal, or drainage from raw material storage. Chain of Custody (COC) Form used to track sample handling as samples progress from sample collection to the analytical laboratory. The COC is then used to track the resulting analytical data from the laboratory to the client. COC forms can be obtained from an analytical laboratory upon request. Coagulation The clumping of particles in a discharge to settle out impurities, often induced by chemicals such as lime, alum, and iron salts. Common Plan of Development Generally a contiguous area where multiple, distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times under one plan. A plan is generally defined as any piece of documentation or physical demarcation that indicates that construction activities may occur on a common plot. Such documentation could consist of a tract map, parcel map, demolition plans, grading plans or contract documents. Any of these documents could delineate the boundaries of a common plan area. However, broad planning documents, such as land use master plans, conceptual master plans, or broad-based CEQA or NEPA documents that identify potential projects for an agency or facility are not considered common plans of development. Daily Average Discharge The discharge of a pollutant measured during any 24-hour period that reasonably represents a calendar day for purposes of sampling. For pollutants with limitations expressed in units of mass, the daily discharge is calculated as the total mass of the pollutant discharged during the day. For pollutants with limitations expressed in other units of measurement (e.g., concentration) the daily discharge is calculated as the average measurement of the pollutant throughout the day (40 CFR 122.2). In the case of pH, the pH must first be converted from a log scale. Debris Litter, rubble, discarded refuse, and remains of destroyed inorganic anthropogenic waste. Direct Discharge A discharge that is routed directly to waters of the United States by means of a pipe, channel, or ditch (including a municipal storm sewer system), or through surface runoff. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 4 Discharger The Legally Responsible Person (see definition) or entity subject to this General Permit. Dose Rate (for ATS) In exposure assessment, dose (e.g. of a chemical) per time unit (e.g. mg/day), sometimes also called dosage. Drainage Area The area of land that drains water, sediment, pollutants, and dissolved materials to a common outlet. Effluent Any discharge of water by a discharger either to the receiving water or beyond the property boundary controlled by the discharger. Effluent Limitation Any numeric or narrative restriction imposed on quantities, discharge rates, and concentrations of pollutants which are discharged from point sources into waters of the United States, the waters of the contiguous zone, or the ocean. Erosion The process, by which soil particles are detached and transported by the actions of wind, water, or gravity. Erosion Control BMPs Vegetation, such as grasses and wildflowers, and other materials, such as straw, fiber, stabilizing emulsion, protective blankets, etc., placed to stabilize areas of disturbed soils, reduce loss of soil due to the action of water or wind, and prevent water pollution. Field Measurements Testing procedures performed in the field with portable field-testing kits or meters. Final Stabilization All soil disturbing activities at each individual parcel within the site have been completed in a manner consistent with the requirements in this General Permit. First Order Stream Stream with no tributaries. Flocculants Substances that interact with suspended particles and bind them together to form flocs. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 5 Good Housekeeping BMPs BMPs designed to reduce or eliminate the addition of pollutants to construction site runoff through analysis of pollutant sources, implementation of proper handling/disposal practices, employee education, and other actions. Grading Phase (part of the Grading and Land Development Phase) Includes reconfiguring the topography and slope including; alluvium removals; canyon cleanouts; rock undercuts; keyway excavations; land form grading; and stockpiling of select material for capping operations. Hydromodification Hydromodification is the alteration of the hydrologic characteristics of coastal and non-coastal waters, which in turn could cause degradation of water resources. Hydromodification can cause excessive erosion and/or sedimentation rates, causing excessive turbidity, channel aggradation and/or degradation. Identified Organisms Organisms within a sub-sample that is specifically identified and counted. Inactive Areas of Construction Areas of construction activity that are not active and those that have been active and are not scheduled to be re-disturbed for at least 14 days. Index Period The period of time during which bioassessment samples must be collected to produce results suitable for assessing the biological integrity of streams and rivers. Instream communities naturally vary over the course of a year,and sampling during the index period ensures that samples are collected during a time frame when communities are stable so that year-to-year consistency is obtained. The index period approach provides a cost-effective alternative to year- round sampling. Furthermore, sampling within the appropriate index period will yield results that are comparable to the assessment thresholds or criteria for a given region, which are established for the same index period. Because index periods differ for different parts of the state, it is essential to know the index period for your area. K Factor The soil erodibility factor used in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). It represents the combination of detachability of the soil, runoff potential of the soil, and the transportability of the sediment eroded from the soil. Legally Responsible Person The Legally Responsible Person (LRP) will typically be the project proponent. The categories of persons or entities that are eligible to serve as the LRP are set forth below. For any construction or land disturbance project where multiple persons or entities are eligible to serve as the LRP, those persons or entities APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 6 shall select a single LRP. In exceptional circumstances, a person or entity that qualifies as the LRP may provide written authorization to another person or entity to serve as the LRP. In such a circumstance, the person or entity that provides the authorization retains all responsibility for compliance with the General Permit. Except as provided in category 2(d), a contractor who does not satisfy the requirements of any of the categories below is not qualified to be an LRP. The following persons or entities may serve as an LRP: 1. A person, company, agency, or other entity that possesses a real property interest (including, but not limited to, fee simple ownership, easement, leasehold, or other rights of way) in the land upon which the construction or land disturbance activities will occur for the regulated site. 2. In addition to the above, the following persons or entities may also serve as an LRP: a. For linear underground/overhead projects, the utility company, municipality, or other public or private company or agency that owns or operates the LUP; b. For land controlled by an estate or similar entity, the person who has day- to-day control over the land (including, but not limited to, a bankruptcy trustee, receiver, or conservator); c. For pollution investigation and remediation projects, any potentially responsible party that has received permission to conduct the project from the holder of a real property interest in the land; or d. For U.S. Army Corp of Engineers projects, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers may provide written authorization to its bonded contractor to serve as the LRP, provided, however, that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is also responsible for compliance with the general permit, as authorized by the Clean Water Act or the Federal Facilities Compliance Act. Likely Precipitation Event Any weather pattern that is forecasted to have a 50% or greater chance of producing precipitation in the project area. The discharger shall obtain likely precipitation forecast information from the National Weather Service Forecast Office (e.g., by entering the zip code of the project’s location at http://www.srh.noaa.gov/forecast). Maximum Allowable Threshold Concentration (MATC) The allowable concentration of residual, or dissolved, coagulant/flocculant in effluent. The MATC shall be coagulant/flocculant-specific, and based on toxicity APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 7 testing conducted by an independent, third-party laboratory. A typical MATC would be: The MATC is equal to the geometric mean of the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect Concentration) Acute and Chronic toxicity results for most sensitive species determined for the specific coagulant. The most sensitive species test shall be used to determine the MATC. Natural Channel Evolution The physical trend in channel adjustments following a disturbance that causes the river to have more energy and degrade or aggrade more sediment. Channels have been observed to pass through 5 to 9 evolution types. Once they pass though the suite of evolution stages, they will rest in a new state of equilibrium. Non-Storm Water Discharges Discharges are discharges that do not originate from precipitation events. They can include, but are not limited to, discharges of process water, air conditioner condensate, non-contact cooling water, vehicle wash water, sanitary wastes, concrete washout water, paint wash water, irrigation water, or pipe testing water. Non-Visible Pollutants Pollutants associated with a specific site or activity that can have a negative impact on water quality, but cannot be seen though observation (ex: chlorine). Such pollutants being discharged are not authorized. Numeric Action Level (NAL) Level is used as a warning to evaluate if best management practices are effective and take necessary corrective actions. Not an effluent limit. Original Sample Material The material (i.e., macroinvertebrates, organic material, gravel, etc.) remaining after the subsample has been removed for identification. pH Unit universally used to express the intensity of the acid or alkaline condition of a water sample. The pH of natural waters tends to range between 6 and 9, with neutral being 7. Extremes of pH can have deleterious effects on aquatic systems. Post-Construction BMPs Structural and non-structural controls which detain, retain, or filter the release of pollutants to receiving waters after final stabilization is attained. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 8 Preliminary Phase (Pre-Construction Phase - Part of the Grading and Land Development Phase) Construction stage including rough grading and/or disking, clearing and grubbing operations, or any soil disturbance prior to mass grading. Project Qualified SWPPP Developer Individual who is authorized to develop and revise SWPPPs. Qualified SWPPP Practitioner Individual assigned responsibility for non-storm water and storm water visual observations, sampling and analysis, and responsibility to ensure full compliance with the permit and implementation of all elements of the SWPPP, including the preparation of the annual compliance evaluation and the elimination of all unauthorized discharges. Qualifying Rain Event Any event that produces 0.5 inches or more precipitation with a 48 hour or greater period between rain events. R Factor Erosivity factor used in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The R factor represents the erosivity of the climate at a particular location. An average annual value of R is determined from historical weather records using erosivity values determined for individual storms. The erosivity of an individual storm is computed as the product of the storm's total energy, which is closely related to storm amount, and the storm's maximum 30-minute intensity. Rain Event Action Plan (REAP) Written document, specific for each rain event, that when implemented is designed to protect all exposed portions of the site within 48 hours of any likely precipitation event. Remaining Sub sampled Material The material (e.g., organic material, gravel, etc.) that remains after the organisms to be identified have been removed from the subsample for identification. (Generally, no macroinvertebrates are present in the remaining subsampled material, but the sample needs to be checked and verified using a complete Quality Assurance (QA) plan) Routine Maintenance Activities intended to maintain the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, or original purpose of a facility. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 9 Runoff Control BMPs Measures used to divert runon from offsite and runoff within the site. Run-on Discharges that originate offsite and flow onto the property of a separate project site. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Empirical model that calculates average annual soil loss as a function of rainfall and runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, erosion controls, and sediment controls. Sampling and Analysis Plan Document that describes how the samples will be collected, under what conditions, where and when the samples will be collected, what the sample will be tested for, what test methods and detection limits will be used, and what methods/procedures will be maintained to ensure the integrity of the sample during collection, storage, shipping and testing (i.e., quality assurance/quality control protocols). Sediment Solid particulate matter, both mineral and organic, that is in suspension, is being transported, or has been moved from its site of origin by air, water, gravity, or ice and has come to rest on the earth's surface either above or below sea level. Sedimentation Process of deposition of suspended matter carried by water, wastewater, or other liquids, by gravity. It is usually accomplished by reducing the velocity of the liquid below the point at which it can transport the suspended material. Sediment Control BMPs Practices that trap soil particles after they have been eroded by rain, flowing water, or wind. They include those practices that intercept and slow or detain the flow of storm water to allow sediment to settle and be trapped (e.g., silt fence, sediment basin, fiber rolls, etc.). Settleable Solids (SS) Solid material that can be settled within a water column during a specified time frame. It is typically tested by placing a water sample into an Imhoff settling cone and then allowing the solids to settle by gravity for a given length of time. Results are reported either as a volume (mL/L) or a mass (mg/L) concentration. Sheet Flow Flow of water that occurs overland in areas where there are no defined channels where the water spreads out over a large area at a uniform depth. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 10 Site Soil Amendment Any material that is added to the soil to change its chemical properties, engineering properties, or erosion resistance that could become mobilized by storm water. Streets and Utilities Phase Construction stage including excavation and street paving, lot grading, curbs, gutters and sidewalks, public utilities, public water facilities including fire hydrants, public sanitary sewer systems, storm sewer system and/or other drainage improvements. Structural Controls Any structural facility designed and constructed to mitigate the adverse impacts of storm water and urban runoff pollution Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) The measure of the concentration of suspended solid material in a water sample by measuring the dry weight of all of the solid material from a known volume of a collected water sample. Results are reported in mg/L. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) The measure of the suspended solids in a water sample includes inorganic substances, such as soil particles and organic substances, such as algae, aquatic plant/animal waste, particles related to industrial/sewage waste, etc. The TSS test measures the concentration of suspended solids in water by measuring the dry weight of a solid material contained in a known volume of a sub-sample of a collected water sample. Results are reported in mg/L. Toxicity The adverse response(s) of organisms to chemicals or physical agents ranging from mortality to physiological responses such as impaired reproduction or growth anomalies. Turbidity The cloudiness of water quantified by the degree to which light traveling through a water column is scattered by the suspended organic and inorganic particles it contains. The turbidity test is reported in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). Vertical Construction Phase The Build out of structures from foundations to roofing, including rough landscaping. APPENDIX 5 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 11 Waters of the United States Generally refers to surface waters, as defined by the federal Environmental Protection Agency in 40 C.F.R. § 122.2.1 Water Quality Objectives (WQO) Water quality objectives are defined in the California Water Code as limits or levels of water quality constituents or characteristics, which are established for the reasonable protection of beneficial uses of water or the prevention of nuisance within a specific area. 1 The application of the definition of “waters of the United States” may be difficult to determine; there are currently several judicial decisions that create some confusion. If a landowner is unsure whether the discharge must be covered by this General Permit, the landowner may wish to seek legal advice. APPENDIX 6 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 APPENDIX 6: Acronym List ASBS Areas of Special Biological Significance ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials; Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils ATS Active Treatment System BASMAA Bay Area Storm water Management Agencies Association BAT Best Available Technology Economically Achievable BCT Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology BMP Best Management Practices BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BPJ Best Professional Judgment CAFO Confined Animal Feeding Operation CCR California Code of Regulations CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CFR Code of Federal Regulations CGP NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activities CIWQS California Integrated Water Quality System CKD Cement Kiln Dust COC Chain of Custody CPESC Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control CPSWQ Certified Professional in Storm Water Quality CSMP Construction Site Monitoring Program CTB Cement Treated Base CTR California Toxics Rule CWA Clean Water Act CWC California Water Code CWP Center for Watershed Protection DADMAC Diallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride DDNR Delaware Department of Natural Resources DFG Department of Fish and Game DHS Department of Health Services DWQ Division of Water Quality EC Electrical Conductivity ELAP Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Environmentally Sensitive Area ESC Erosion and Sediment Control HSPF Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran JTU Jackson Turbidity Units LID Low Impact Development LOEC Lowest Observed Effect Concentration LRP Legally Responsible Person LUP Linear Underground/Overhead Projects APPENDIX 6 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 2 MATC Maximum Allowable Threshold Concentration MDL Method Detection Limits MRR Monitoring and Reporting Requirements MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System MUSLE Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation NAL Numeric Action Level NEL Numeric Effluent Limitation NICET National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOEC No Observed Effect Concentration NOI Notice of Intent NOT Notice of Termination NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NTR National Toxics Rule NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units O&M Operation and Maintenance PAC Polyaluminum chloride PAM Polyacrylamide PASS Polyaluminum chloride Silica/sulfate POC Pollutants of Concern PoP Probability of Precipitation POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works PRDs Permit Registration Documents PWS Planning Watershed QAMP Quality Assurance Management Plan QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control REAP Rain Event Action Plan Regional Board Regional Water Quality Control Board ROWD Report of Waste Discharge RUSLE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation RW Receiving Water SMARTS Storm water Multi Application Reporting and Tracking System SS Settleable Solids SSC Suspended Sediment Concentration SUSMP Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan SW Storm Water SWARM Storm Water Annual Report Module SWAMP Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program SWMM Storm Water Management Model SWMP Storm Water Management Program SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan TC Treatment Control TDS Total Dissolved Solids APPENDIX 6 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 3 TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load TSS Total Suspended Solids USACOE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USC United States Code USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USGS United States Geological Survey WDID Waste Discharge Identification Number WDR Waste Discharge Requirements WLA Waste Load Allocation WET Whole Effluent Toxicity WRCC Western Regional Climate Center WQBEL Water Quality Based Effluent Limitation WQO Water Quality Objective WQS Water Quality Standard APPENDIX 7 2009-0009-DWQ as amended by 2010-0014-DWQ & 2012-0006-DWQ 1 APPENDIX 7: State and Regional Water Resources Control Board Contacts NORTH COAST REGION (1) 5550 Skylane Blvd, Ste. A Santa Rose, CA 95403 (707) 576-2220 FAX: (707)523-0135 CENTRAL COAST REGION (3) 895 Aerovista Place, Ste 101 San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 (805) 549-3147 FAX: (805) 543-0397 LAHONTAN REGION (6 SLT) 2501 Lake Tahoe Blvd. South Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 (530) 542-5400 FAX: (530) 544-2271 SAN FRANCISCO BAY REGION (2) 1515 Clay Street, Ste. 1400 Oakland, CA 94612 (510) 622-2300 FAX: (510) 622-2640 LOS ANGELES REGION (4) 320 W. 4th Street, Ste. 200 Los Angeles, CA 90013 (213) 576-6600 FAX: (213) 576-6640 VICTORVILLE OFFICE (6V) 14440 Civic Drive, Ste. 200 Victorville, CA 92392-2383 (760) 241-6583 FAX: (760) 241-7308 CENTRAL VALLEY REGION (5S) 11020 Sun Center Dr., #200 Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-6114 (916) 464-3291 FAX: (916) 464-4645 COLORADO RIVER BASIN REGION (7) 73-720 Fred Waring Dr., Ste. 100 Palm Desert, CA 92260 (760) 346-7491 FAX: (760) 341-6820 FRESNO BRANCH OFFICE (5F) 1685 E St. Fresno, CA 93706 (559) 445-5116 FAX: (559) 445-5910 SANTA ANA REGION (8) 3737 Main Street, Ste. 500 Riverside, CA 92501-3339 Phone (951) 782-4130 FAX: (951) 781-6288 REDDING BRANCH OFFICE (5R) 364 Knollcrest Drive, Ste. 205 Redding, CA 96002 (530) 224-4845 FAX: (530) 224-4857 SAN DIEGO REGION (9) 9174 Sky Park Court, Ste. 100 San Diego, CA 92123-4340 (858) 467-2952 FAX: (858) 571-6972 STATE WATER BOARD PO Box 1977 Sacramento, CA 95812-1977 stormwater@waterboards.ca.gov BLANK FORMS SITE INSPECTION REPORT (SIR) FORM EXCEEDANCE AND DISCHARGE EVALUATION FORM CHAIN OF CUSTODY FORM TRAINING LOG FORM APPROVED SIGNATORY AUTHORIZATION FORM EFFLUENT SAMPLING FIELD LOG SHEET RAIN EVENT ACTION PLAN (REAP) FORM DATE: NATIONAL STORM WATER QUALITY PROGRAM SITE INSPECTION REPORT (SIR) For use on California Sites Only as of 03/1/17 Community Name: WDID#: (Include Site Name, City, State, Zip Code and NPDES/Construction Storm Water Permit Number) Master Site List ID: Inspection performed by: (Print Name, Company, and Title / Qualifications ) Stages of Construction: (check all that apply) ☐Land Development ☐Inactive ☐Vertical Construction ☐Post-Construction Type of Inspection: (check all that apply) ☐Routine Inspection ☐Storm-Event Related ☐Final Site Inspection ☐Other: I. SWPPP – Respond to all Questions Item Yes No A. Was the SWPPP accessible at the time of the inspection? ☐ ☐ B. Is the SSWR correctly identified in the SWPPP? ☐ ☐ C. Does the SWPPP reflect the current stage of development including a current BMP Site Map? ☐ ☐ D. Have all SIR Action Items identified on the preceding reports been resolved? ☐ ☐ E. Is NSQP Signage posted and in compliance with NSQP requirements? ☐ ☐ II. Estimated date of most recent Storm Event that triggered an Inspection: Click here to enter a date. Provide rainfall information as required by the Applicable Permit III. Site BMP Inspection Not Item SWPPP Items Applicable Acceptable Action Item Assigned To Erosion Control 1 Protection of Disturbed Areas ☐ ☐ ☐ 2 Slope Protection ☐ ☐ ☐ 3 Vegetation/Revegetation ☐ ☐ ☐ 4 Velocity Reduction Devices/ ☐ ☐ ☐ Outlet Protection Sediment Control 5 Check Dams (rock, gravel, other) ☐ ☐ ☐ 6 Silt Fence ☐ ☐ ☐ 7 Berms, Dikes, Straw Wattles ☐ ☐ ☐ 8 Detention Basins/Sediment Traps ☐ ☐ ☐ 9 Stockpiles Protected / Stabilized ☐ ☐ ☐ 10 Storm Water Inlet Protection ☐ ☐ ☐ Housekeeping/Trade Compliance 11 Waste and Trash Management ☐ ☐ ☐ 12 Spill and Leak Prevention ☐ ☐ ☐ 13 Sanitary Stations ☐ ☐ ☐ 14 Concrete and Construction Washouts ☐ ☐ ☐ 15 Material Use and Potential ☐ ☐ ☐ Contaminate Storage 16 Equipment Storage and Maintenance ☐ ☐ ☐ 17 Construction Exits and Entrances ☐ ☐ ☐ RIETARY COMPANY MATERIAL Est. Storm Began Date Time Est. Storm Length (Hours or Days) End of Last QR Precip. Date Time Rain Guage Reading Today Final Total Date Date If “No,” then an Action Item is required. Describe all Action Items on the reverse side of this sheet. (Section IV) All capitalized terms are defined in the glossary of the NSQP Handbook. Complete all Sections of this Report. Any information added after the signature date must be initialed and dated. This report must be signed by the SSWR, dated and retained with the SWPPP. PROPRIETARY COMPANY MATERIAL NOTE: Maximum of one SSWR per permit. © PulteGroup, Inc. 2017 CA Only SIR 2017 7 33C401588Del Webb Explore Item SWPPP Items (continued) Not Applicable Acceptable Action Item Assigned To 18 Dust Control ☐ ☐ ☐ 19 Street Sweeping ☐ ☐ ☐ Other 20 Non-storm water flow ☐ ☐ ☐ 21 Site’s weathering of Storm Events ☐ ☐ ☐ 22 Site discharge points ☐ ☐ ☐ 23 BMP provider performance ☐ ☐ ☐ 24 ☐ ☐ ☐ 25 ☐ ☐ ☐ 26 ☐ ☐ ☐ IV. Action Items V. Responsive Action Completion Item Location and Responsive Action to be taken Date Noted Date Started Date of Completion Initials Attach additional sheet(s) of SIR addendum if necessary SIR must be reviewed and signed below by SSWR – Not Delegable: I certify under penalty of law that Sections I-V of this document and all attachments were prepared by me or under my direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel properly gathered and evaluated the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the persons who manage the system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information including the possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations. Certification applies to the area under the supervision of the SSWR signing this report. SIR must be reviewed and signed below by SSWR – Not Delegable: Certified By: (Third Party Inspector if required by the Applicable Permit Inspector – Print Name Inspector Signature (Use Ink) Date VI. Justification for non-completion of Responsive Actions. SSWR shall describe why any Responsive Actions were not started within 72 hours. Attach additional sheet(s) if necessary Certified By: (SSWR – Must be a PulteGroup Employee) Site Storm Water Representative – Print Name and Title Site Storm Water Representative Signature (Use Ink) Date All capitalized terms are defined in the glossary of the NSQP Handbook. Complete all Sections of this Report. Any information added after the signature date must be initialed and dated. This report must be signed by the SSWR, dated and retained with the SWPPP. © PulteGroup, Inc. 2017 PROPRIETARY COMPANY MATERIAL CA Only SIR 2017 CA SITE INSPECTION REPORT (SIR) ADDENDUM (Attach this form to your SIR) Enter Date: date IV. Action Items V. Responsive Action Completion Item Location and Responsive Action to be taken Date Noted Date Started Date of Completion Initials PROPRIETARY COMPANY MATERIAL Construction Site Name: Date:Event Start Time: Inspector:Event Rainfall Amount: Sampling Event Type:NAL Exceedance Unauthorized Discharge Report By (Name/Title):Signature: NAL or Unauthorized Discharge Reporting Form Sample Results Cause Solution Describe any sampling results, including daily average and specific locations with high values. Record analytical methods, method reporting units, method detection limits, and time of sampling. Describe corrective actions taken or planned to be taken to remedy the situation. Non-Visible Pollutant Discharge Describe visual observations, the BMPs, and the situation leading to the exceedance or discharge. Del Webb Explore Chain of Custody Name Address Phone # Project Name Sampled By No.Type Suspected Constituents: Date Hand Delivery □Fed-Ex □US Mail □Other _______________□ Report To: Destination Laboratory Turn Around DaysTimeDateSample ID Pr e s e r v a t i v e Container Analysis Requested Special Instructions Relinquished by (sign)Print Name/Company Method of Shipment: Received by (sign)Print Name/CompanyTime 1940 Garnet Ave, Suite 300, San Diego CA 92109 Phone: (858) 273-5400 - Fax: (858) 273-5455 - Web: www.kcmgroup.net KCM Group, Inc. 1940 Garnet Avenue, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92109 Phone: 858-273-5400 – Fax: 858-273-5455 – Web: www.kcmgroup.net Training Log Note: Training will be reported in the Annual Report. This form is provided to record training information. Copies of completed forms and training certifications should be included in Appendix J. Project Name: Project Number/Location: Storm Water Management Topic: (check as appropriate)  Erosion Control  Sediment Control  Wind Erosion Control  Tracking Control  Non-stormwater management  Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control  Storm Water Sampling Specific Training Objective: Location: Date: Instructor: Telephone: Course Length (hours): Attendee Roster (attach additional forms if necessary) Name & Title Company Phone 7 33C401588 Del Webb Explore Appendix B Trained Contractor Personnel Log KCM Group, Inc. 1940 Garnet Avenue, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92109 Phone: 858-273-5400 – Fax: 858-273-5455 – Web: www.kcmgroup.net Name & Title Company Phone COMMENTS: Authorization of Approved Signatories Project Name: WDID #: Name of Personnel Project Role Company Signature Date By signing below, the Legally Responsible Person (LRP) certifies that the person(s) named above is/are authorized to sign, certify, and electronically submit Permit Registration Documents, Notice of Termination, and any other documents, reports, or information required by the General Permit, the Sate or Regional Water Board, or the U.S. EPA. ___________________________________ ______________________________ LRP’s Signature Date ___________________________________ ______________________________ LRP Name and Title Telephone Number 7 33C401588 Del Webb Explore N/A N/A N/A N/A APPENDIX C SWPPP AMENDMENT LOG Table C1: Summary of SWPPP Amendments or Revisions Amendment No. Summary of Amendment or Revision Date of Revision Prepared By: Approved by Pulte Name: Signature: QSD#: Name: Signature: QSD#: Name: Signature: QSD#: Name: Signature: QSD#: Name: Signature: QSD#: Name: Signature: QSD#: Table C2: Summary of SWPPP Amendments or Revisions Amendment No. Summary of Amendment or Revision Date of Revision Prepared By: Approved by Pulte Name: Signature: QSP#: Name: Signature: QSP#: Name: Signature: QSP#: Name: Signature: QSP#: Name: Signature: QSP#: Name: Signature: QSP#: APPENDIX D DOCUMENTATION OF PERMIT ELIGIBILITY RELATED TO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOADS APPENDIX E CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE Table E1: Construction Schedule Construction Activity Milestones Section I: Pre-Site Disturbance Checklist (Provide information below as tasks are completed) Completed Initials Has a Master Site List ID Number been obtained? If so, list number below. MSL ID = ☐ Has a SWPPP been prepared in accordance with the Pulte Format (Table of Contents) and Applicable Permit (e.g., CGP or Individual Permit)? ☐ Has one primary SSWR with current Pulte Storm Water Manager Training and State/Local Certification (if required) been assigned to the Site? ☐ If a Third-Party Consultant will be completing Site Inspections…Has the Third-Party Consultant met the State/Local Inspector Certification requirement (if required)? If not applicable…please indicate at the column to the right. ☐ Provide “actual” dates below. Do NOT provide estimated dates based on forecasted schedule. Start Date Completion Date Date Notice of Intent (NOI) was submitted to the permitting authority Effective date of permit coverage (This date must be consistent with the Site-specific effective date included in the acknowledgement letter/Notice of Coverage letter from the permitting authority, if applicable) Installation of initial Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs per Applicable Permit/Local requirements (e.g., CGP) 1. Perimeter Silt Fence 2. Stabilized Construction Entrances 3. Other: 4. Other: 5. Other: 6. Other: UPON COMPLETION OF SECTION I, FORWARD A COPY TO THE DCE. DO NOT COMMENCE SITE DISTURBANCE ACTIVITIES UNTIL THIS TABLE HAS BEEN RECEIVED, REVIEWED AND UPLOADED TO THE MSL BY THE DCE. Table E1: Construction Schedule Section II: Site Disturbance Activities 1. If Site Disturbance Activities were completed “by others” (e.g., Pulte is purchasing Finished Lots), indicate that in the columns to the right. 2. As applicable, complete a separate Section II (Site disturbance activities table) for each phase, section, pod, etc. indicate phase, section, pod below: Phase, Section, Pod = Start Date Completion Date Clearing and Grubbing Demolition Mass Grading – see BMP Map for installation dates of storm water management facilities Installation of “Wet” and/or “Dry” Utilities: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Dates and Locations when Land Development/Construction Activities Temporarily Cease: 1. 2. 3. 4. Paving Activities Vertical Construction Final Stabilization: 1. 2. 3. Landscaping Date Notice of Termination (NOT) was submitted to the permitting authority APPENDIX F CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED POLLUTANTS Category Construction Site Material Visually Observable? Pollutant Indicators 2 Suggested Analyses Field 3 Laboratory Asphalt Products (Sections 37, 39, 92, 93, 94, and Special Provisions) Hot Asphalt Yes - Rainbow Surface or Brown Suspension Visually Observable - No Testing Required Asphalt Emulsion Liquid Asphalt (tack coat) Cold Mix Crumb Rubber Yes – Black, solid material Visually Observable - No Testing Required Asphalt Concrete (Any Type) Yes - Rainbow Surface or Brown Suspension Visually Observable - No Testing Required Cleaning Products Acids No pH Acidity Anions (acetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrogen chloride) pH Meter Acidity Test Kit EPA 150.1 (pH) SM 2310B (Acidity) EPA 300.0 (Anion) Bleaches No Residual Chlorine Chlorine SM 4500-CL G (Res. Chlorine) Detergents Yes - Foam Visually Observable - No Testing Required TSP No Phosphate Phosphate EPA 365.3 (Phosphate) Solvents No VOC None EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) SVOC None EPA 625 (SVOC) Portland Concrete Cement & Masonry Products (Section 27, 28, 29, 40, 41, 42, 49, 50, 51, 53, 63, 65, 72, 73, 80, 81, 83, 90, and Special Provisions) Portland Cement (PCC) Yes - Milky Liquid Visually Observable - No Testing Required Masonry products No pH pH Meter Alkalinity or Acidity Test Kit EPA 150.1 (pH) Alkalinity SM 2320 (Alkalinity) Sealant (Methyl Methacrylate - MMA) No Methyl Methacrylate None EPA 625 (SVOC) Cobalt EPA 200.8 (Metal) Zinc Incinerator Bottom Ash Bottom Ash Steel Slag Foundry Sand Fly Ash Municipal Solid Waste No Aluminum Calcium Vanadium Zinc Calcium Test EPA 200.8 (Metal) EPA 200.7 (Calcium) Mortar Yes - Milky Liquid Visually Observable - No Testing Required Concrete Rinse Water Yes - Milky Liquid Visually Observable - No Testing Required Non-Pigmented Curing Compounds No Acidity pH Meter Alkalinity or Acidity Test Kit SM 2310B (Acidity) Alkalinity SM 2320 (Alkalinity) pH EPA 150.1 (pH) VOC EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) SVOC EPA 625 (SVOC) Landscaping and Other Products (Section 20, 24, and Special Provisions) Aluminum Sulfate No Aluminum TDS Meter Sulfate EPA 200.8 (Metal) TDS EPA 160.1 (TDS) Sulfate EPA 300.0 (Sulfate) Sulfur-Elemental No Sulfate Sulfate EPA 300.0 (Sulfate) Fertilizers-Inorganic 4 No Nitrate Nitrate EPA 300.0 (Nitrate) Phosphate Phosphate EPA 365.3 (Phosphate) Organic Nitrogen None EPA 351.3 (TKN) Potassium None EPA 200.8 (Metal) Fertilizers-Organic No TOC Nitrate EPA 415.1 (TOC) Nitrate EPA 300.0 (Nitrate) Organic Nitrogen EPA 351.3 (TKN) COD EPA 410.4 (COD) Natural Earth (Sand, Gravel, and Topsoil) Yes - Cloudiness and turbidity Visually Observable - No Testing Required Herbicide No Herbicide None Check lab for specific herbicide or pesticide Pesticide Pesticide Lime Alkalinity pH Meter Alkalinity or Acidity Test Kit SM 2320 (Alkalinity) pH EPA 150.1 (pH) Painting Products (Section 12-3.08, 20-2.32, 50-1.05, 59, 91, and Special Provisions) Paint Yes Visually Observable - No Testing Required Paint Strippers No VOC None EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) SVOC None EPA 625 (SVOC) Resins No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) SVOC EPA 625 (SVOC) Sealants No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) Solvents No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) VOC EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) SVOC EPA 625 (SVOC) Lacquers, Varnish, Enamels, and Turpentine No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) VOC EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) SVOC EPA 625 (SVOC) Thinners No VOC None EPA 601/602 or EPA 624 (VOC) COD EPA 410.4 (COD) Portable Toilet Waste Products Portable Toilet Waste Yes Visually Observable - No Testing Required Contaminated Soil 5 Aerially Deposited Lead3 No Lead None EPA 200.8 (Metal) Petroleum Yes – Rainbow Surface Sheen and Odor Visually Observable - No Testing Required Mining or Industrial Waste, etc. No Contaminant Specific Contaminant Specific – Check with laboratory Contaminant Specific – Check with laboratory Line Flushing Products Chlorinated Water No Total chlorine Chlorine SM 4500-CL G (Res. Chlorine) Adhesives Adhesives No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) Phenols Phenol EPA 420.1 (Phenol) SVOC None EPA 625 (SVOC) Dust Palliative Products (Section 18) Salts (Magnesium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, and Natural Brines) No Chloride Chloride EPA 300.0 (Chloride) TDS TDS Meter EPA 160.1 (TDS) Cations (Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium) None EPA 200.7 (Cations) Vehicle Antifreeze and Other Vehicle Fluids Yes - Colored Liquid Visually Observable - No Testing Required Batteries No Sulfuric Acid None EPA 300.0 (Sulfate) Lead None EPA 200.8 (Metal) pH pH Meter Alkalinity or Acidity Test Kit EPA 150.1 (pH) Fuels, Oils, Lubricants Yes - Rainbow Surface Sheen and Odor Visually Observable - No Testing Required Soil Amendment/Stabilization Products Polymer/Copolymer 6, 7 No Organic Nitrogen None EPA 351.3 (TKN) BOD None EPA 405.1 (BOD) COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) DOC None EPA 415.1 (DOC) Nitrate Nitrate EPA 300.0 (Nitrate) Sulfate Sulfate EPA 300.0 (Sulfate) Nickel None EPA 200.8 (Metal) Straw/Mulch Yes - Solids Visually Observable - No Testing Required Lignin Sulfonate No Alkalinity Alkalinity SM 2320 (Alkalinity) TDS TDS Meter EPA 160.1 (TDS) Psyllium No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) TOC EPA 415.1 (TOC) Guar/Plant Gums No COD None EPA 410.4 (COD) TOC EPA 415.1 (TOC) Nickel EPA 200.8 (Metal) Gypsum No pH pH Meter Alkalinity or Acidity Test Kit EPA 150.1 (pH) Calcium Calcium EPA 200.7 (Calcium) Sulfate Sulfate EPA 300.0 (Sulfate) Aluminum None EPA 200.8 (Metal) Barium Manganese Vanadium Treated Wood Products (Section 58, 80-3.01B(2), and Special Provisions) Ammoniacal-Copper-Zinc- Arsenate (ACZA) Copper-Chromium-Arsenic (CCA) Ammoniacal-Copper- Arsenate (ACA) Copper Naphthenate No Arsenic Total Chromium EPA 200.8 (Metal) Total Chromium Copper Zinc Creosote Yes - Rainbow Surface or Brown Suspension Visually Observable - No Testing Required Notes: 1. If specific pollutant is known, analyze only for that specific pollutant. See MSDS to verify. 2. For each construction material, test for one of the pollutant indicators. Bolded pollutant indicates lowest analysis cost or best indicator. However, the composition of the specific construction material, if known, is the first criterion for selecting which analysis to use. 3. See www.hach.com, www.lamotte.com, www.ysi.com and www.chemetrics.com for some of the test kits. 4. If the type of inorganic fertilizer is unknown, analyze for all pollutant indicators listed. 5. Only if special handling requirements are required in the Standard Special Provisions for aerially deposited lead (ADL) 6. If used with a dye or fiber matrix, it is considered visually observable and no testing is required. 7. Based upon research conducted by Caltrans, the following copolymers/polymers do not discharge pollutants and water quality sampling and analysis is not required: Super Tak™, M-Binder™, Fish Stik™, Pro40dc™, Fisch-Bond™, and Soil Master WR™. Acronyms: · BOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand · COD – Chemical Oxygen Demand · DOC – Dissolved Organic Carbon · EPA – Environmental Protection Agency · HACH – Worldwide company that provides advanced analytical systems and technical support for water quality testing. · SM – Standard Method · SVOC – Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds · TDS – Total Dissolved Solids · TKN – Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen · TOC – Total Organic Carbon · TSP – Tri-Sodium Phosphate · VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds References: · Construction Storm Water Sampling and Analysis Guidance Document, California Stormwater Quality Task Force, October 2001. · Environmental Impact of Construction and Repair Materials on Surface and Ground Waters, Report 448, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, 2001 · Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes, Environmental Programs, California Department of Transportation, October 1, 1999. · Statewide Storm Water Management Plan, Division of Environmental Analysis, California Department of Transportation, April 2002. · Statewide Storm Water Quality Practice Guidelines, Environmental Program, California Department of Transportation, August 2000. · Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes and District 7 Erosion Control Pilot Study, June 2000. · Stormwater Monitoring Protocols, Guidance Manual, California Department of Transportation, May 2000. APPENDIX G BMP FACT SHEETS Section 3 Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs December 2019 CASQA Stormwater BMP Handbook 3-4 Construction www.casqa.org 3.6 BMP Fact Sheets BMP fact sheets for erosion, sediment, wind, and tracking controls follow. The BMP fact sheets are individually page numbered and are suitable for inclusion in SWPPPs. Copies of the fact sheets can be individually downloaded from the CASQA Online BMP Handbook at http://www.casqa.org. BMP fact sheets are guidance and intended to provide a range of information about the BMPs. The BMP fact sheets should not be interpreted as CGP requirements, with the exception of SE-2 which is specifically cited in the CGP as the required design standard for sediment basins. CASQA recognizes that there may be alternative public domain and/or proprietary practices performing similar function. Alternative products should be evaluated for project-specific implementation and used if determined to be appropriate by the QSD. Fact sheets do not address site-specific implementation application needs and modifications. The QSD should provide site specific implementation requirements in the SWPPP. Scheduling EC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Scheduling is the development of a written plan that includes sequencing of construction activities and the implementation of BMPs such as erosion control and sediment control while taking local climate (rainfall, wind, etc.) into consideration. The purpose is to reduce the amount and duration of soil exposed to erosion by wind, rain, runoff, and vehicle tracking, and to perform the construction activities and control practices in accordance with the planned schedule. Suitable Applications Proper sequencing of construction activities to reduce erosion potential should be incorporated into the schedule of every construction project especially during rainy season. Use of other, more costly yet less effective, erosion and sediment control BMPs may often be reduced through proper construction sequencing. Limitations Environmental constraints such as nesting season prohibitions reduce the full capabilities of this BMP. Implementation Avoid rainy periods. Schedule major grading operations during dry months when practical. Allow enough time before rainfall begins to stabilize the soil with vegetation or physical means or to install sediment trapping devices. Plan the project and develop a schedule showing each phase of construction. Clearly show how the rainy season relates Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Scheduling EC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org to soil disturbing and re-stabilization activities. Incorporate the construction schedule into the SWPPP. Include on the schedule, details on the rainy season implementation and deployment of: - Erosion control BMPs - Sediment control BMPs - Tracking control BMPs - Wind erosion control BMPs - Non-stormwater BMPs - Waste management and materials pollution control BMPs Include dates for activities that may require non-stormwater discharges such as dewatering, sawcutting, grinding, drilling, boring, crushing, blasting, painting, hydro-demolition, mortar mixing, pavement cleaning, etc. Work out the sequencing and timetable for the start and completion of each item such as site clearing and grubbing, grading, excavation, paving, foundation pouring utilities installation, etc., to minimize the active construction area during the rainy season. - Sequence trenching activities so that most open portions are closed before new trenching begins. - Incorporate staged seeding and re-vegetation of graded slopes as work progresses. - Schedule establishment of permanent vegetation during appropriate planting time for specified vegetation. Non-active areas should be stabilized as soon as practical after the cessation of soil disturbing activities or one day prior to the onset of precipitation. Monitor the weather forecast for rainfall. When rainfall is predicted, adjust the construction schedule to allow the implementation of soil stabilization and sediment treatment controls on all disturbed areas prior to the onset of rain. Be prepared year-round to deploy erosion control and sediment control BMPs. Erosion may be caused during dry seasons by un-seasonal rainfall, wind, and vehicle tracking. Keep the site stabilized year-round and retain and maintain rainy season sediment trapping devices in operational condition. Apply permanent erosion control to areas deemed substantially complete during the projects defined seeding window. Avoid soil disturbance during periods with high wind velocities. Costs Construction scheduling to reduce erosion may increase other construction costs due to reduced economies of scale in performing site grading. The cost effectiveness of scheduling techniques Scheduling EC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org should be compared with the other less effective erosion and sedimentation controls to achieve a cost-effective balance. Inspection and Maintenance Verify that work is progressing in accordance with the schedule. If progress deviates, take corrective actions. Amend the schedule when changes are warranted. Amend the schedule prior to the rainy season to show updated information on the deployment and implementation of construction site BMPs. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices (EPA 832-R-92-005), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, September 1992. Preservation of Existing Vegetation EC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Carefully planned preservation of existing vegetation minimizes the potential of removing or injuring existing trees, vines, shrubs, and grasses that protect soil from erosion. Suitable Applications Preservation of existing vegetation is suitable for use on most projects. Large project sites often provide the greatest opportunity for use of this BMP. Suitable applications include the following: Areas within the site where no construction activity occurs or occurs at a later date. This BMP is especially suitable to multi year projects where grading can be phased. Areas where natural vegetation exists and is designated for preservation. Such areas often include steep slopes, watercourse, and building sites in wooded areas. Areas where local, state, and federal government require preservation, such as vernal pools, wetlands, marshes, certain oak trees, etc. These areas are usually designated on the plans, or in the specifications, permits, or environmental documents. Where vegetation designated for ultimate removal can be temporarily preserved and be utilized for erosion control and sediment control. Protecting existing vegetation buffers and swales. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Preservation of Existing Vegetation EC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Requires forward planning by the owner/developer, contractor, and design staff. Limited opportunities for use when project plans do not incorporate existing vegetation into the site design. For sites with diverse topography, it is often difficult and expensive to save existing t rees while grading the site satisfactory for the planned development. Implementation The best way to prevent erosion is to not disturb the land. In order to reduce the impacts of new development and redevelopment, projects may be designed to avoid disturbing land in sensitive areas of the site (e.g., natural watercourses, steep slopes), and to incorporate unique or desirable eiing egeain in he ie landcaing lan. Cleal making and leaing a bffe aea around these unique areas during construction will help to preserve these areas as well as take advantage of natural erosion prevention and sediment trapping. Existing vegetation to be preserved on the site must be protected from mechanical and other injury while the land is being developed. The purpose of protecting existing vegetation is to ensure the survival of desirable vegetation for shade, beautification, and erosion control. Mature vegetation has extensive root systems that help to hold soil in place, thus reducing erosion. In addition, vegetation helps keep soil from drying rapidly and becoming susceptible to erosion. To effectively save existing vegetation, no disturbances of any kind should be allowed within a defined area around the vegetation. For trees, no construction activity should occur within the drip line of the tree. Timing Provide for preservation of existing vegetation prior to the commencement of clearing and grubbing operations or other soil disturbing activities in areas where no construction activity is planned or will occur at a later date. Design and Layout Mark areas to be preserved with temporary fencing. Include sufficient setback to protect roots. Orange colored plastic mesh fencing works well. Use appropriate fence posts and adequate post spacing and depth to completely support the fence in an upright position. Locate temporary roadways, stockpiles, and layout areas to avoid stands of trees, shrubs, and grass. Consider the impact of grade changes to existing vegetation and the root zone. Maintain existing irrigation systems where feasible. Temporary irrigation may be required. Instruct employees and subcontractors to honor protective devices. Prohibit heavy equipment, vehicular traffic, or storage of construction materials within the protected area. Preservation of Existing Vegetation EC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Consider pruning or mowing vegetation instead of removing it to allow for regrowth. If possible, retain vegetation buffer around the site and adjacent waterways. Costs There is little cost associated with preserving existing vegetation if properly planned during the project design, and these costs may be offset by aesthetic benefits that enhance property values. During construction, the cost for preserving existing vegetation will likely be less than the cost of applying erosion and sediment controls to the disturbed area. Replacing vegetation inadvertently destroyed during construction can be extremely expensive, sometimes in excess of $10,000 per tree. Inspection and Maintenance During construction, the limits of disturbance should remain clearly marked at all times. Irrigation or maintenance of existing vegetation should be described in the landscaping plan. If damage to protected trees still occurs, maintenance guidelines described below should be followed: Verify that protective measures remain in place. Restore damaged protection measures immediately. Serious tree injuries shall be attended to by an arborist. Damage to the crown, trunk, or root system of a retained tree shall be repaired immediately. Trench as far from tree trunks as possible, usually outside of the tree drip line or canopy. Curve trenches around trees to avoid large roots or root concentrations. If roots are encountered, consider tunneling under them. When trenching or tunneling near or under trees to be retained, place tunnels at least 18 in. below the ground surface, and not below the tree center to minimize impact on the roots. Do not leave tree roots exposed to air. Cover exposed roots with soil as soon as possible. If soil covering is not practical, protect exposed roots with wet burlap or peat moss until the tunnel or trench is ready for backfill. Cleanly remove the ends of damaged roots with a smooth cut. Fill trenches and tunnels as soon as possible. Careful filling and tamping will eliminate air spaces in the soil, which can damage roots. If bark damage occurs, cut back all loosened bark into the undamaged area, with the cut tapered at the top and bottom and drainage provided at the base of the wood. Limit cutting the undamaged area as much as possible. Aerate soil that has been compacted over a trees root zone by punching holes 12 in. deep with an iron bar and moving the bar back and forth until the soil is loosened. Place holes 18 in. apart throughout the area of compacted soil under the tree crown. Fertilization: Preservation of Existing Vegetation EC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org - Fertilize trees in the late fall or early spring. Although to note, many native species do not require fertilization. - Apply fertilizer to the soil over the feeder roots and in accordance with label instructions, but never closer than 3 ft to the trunk. Increase the fertilized area by one-fourth of the crown area for conifers that have extended root systems. Retain protective measures until all other construction activity is complete to avoid damage during site cleanup and stabilization. References County of Sacramento Tree Preservation Ordinance, September 1981. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for The Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Hydraulic Mulch consists of various types of fibrous materials mixed with water and sprayed onto the soil surface in slurry form to provide a layer of temporary protection from wind and water erosion. Suitable Applications Hydraulic mulch as a temporary, stand alone, erosion control BMP is suitable for disturbed areas that require temporary protection from wind and water erosion until permanent soil stabilization activities commence. Examples include: Rough-graded areas that will remain inactive for longer than permit-required thresholds (e.g., 14 days) or otherwise require stabilization to minimize erosion or prevent sediment discharges. Soil stockpiles. Slopes with exposed soil between existing vegetation such as trees or shrubs. Slopes planted with live, container-grown vegetation or plugs. Slopes burned by wildfire. To stabilize earthen berms Areas seeded by broadcasting or drilling Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-4 Hydroseeding EC-5 Soil Binders EC-6 Straw Mulch EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching EC-14 Compost Blanket EC-16 Non-Vegetative Stabilization If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary stabilization during high wind conditions Hydraulic mulch can also be applied to augment other erosion control BMPs such as: In conjunction with straw mulch (see EC-6 Straw Mulch) where the rate of hydraulic mulch is reduced to 100-500 lbs per acre and the slurry is applied over the straw as a tackifying agent to hold the straw in place. Supplemental application of soil amendments, such as fertilizer, lime, gypsum, soil bio- stimulants or compost. Limitations In general, hydraulic mulch is not limited by slope length, gradient or soil type. However, the following limitations typically apply: Most hydraulic mulch applications, particularly bonded fiber matrices (BFMs), require at least 24 hours to dry before rainfall occurs. Temporary applications (i.e., without a vegetative component) may require a second application in order to remain effective for an entire rainy season. Treatment areas must be accessible to hydraulic mulching equipment. Availability of water sources in remote areas for mixing and application. As a stand-alone temporary BMP, hydraulic mulches may need to be re-applied to maintain their erosion control effectiveness, typically after 6-12 months depending on the type of mulch used. Availability of hydraulic mulching equipment may be limited just prior to the rainy season and prior to storms due to high demand. Cellulose fiber mulches alone may not perform well on steep slopes or in course soils. This BMP consists of a mixture of several constituents (e.g., fibers/mulches, compost, tackifiers, and other chemical constituents), some of which may be proprietary and may come pre-mixed by the manufacturer. The water quality impacts of these constituents are relatively unknown, and some may have water quality impacts due to their chemical makeup. Refer to specific chemical properties identified in the product Safety Data Sheet (may not include ecological information); products should be evaluated for project-specific implementation by the SWPPP Preparer. Refer to factsheet EC-05 for further guidance on selecting soil binders. A water supply is needed to refill hydro mulch equipment tank. Cannot be disturbed by walking or driving on the surface after application. Recommend using in conjunction with other BMPs (i.e., fiber rolls, etc.). Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation Where feasible, it is preferable to prepare soil surfaces prior to application by roughening embankments and fill areas with a crimping or punching type roller or by track walking. The majority of hydraulic mulch applications do not necessarily require surface/soil preparation (See EC-15 Soil Preparation) although in almost every case where re-vegetation is included as part of the practice, soil preparation can be beneficial. One of the advantages of hydraulic mulch over other erosion control methods is that it can be applied in areas where soil preparation is precluded by site conditions, such as steep slopes, rocky soils, or inaccessibility. Avoid mulch over spray onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, existing vegetation, etc. Hydraulic mulching is generally performed utilizing specialized machines that have a large water-holding/mixing tank and some form of mechanical agitation or other recirculation method to keep water, mulch and soil amendments in suspension. The mixed hydraulic slurry can be applied from a tower sprayer on top of the machine or by extending a hose to areas remote from the machine. Where possible apply hydraulic mulch from multiple directions to adequately cover the soil. Application from a single direction can result in shadowing, uneven coverage and failure of the BMP. Hydraulic mulch can also include a vegetative component, such as seed, rhizomes, or stolons (see EC-4 Hydraulic Seed). Typical hydraulic mulch application rates range from 2,000 pounds per acre for standard mulches (SMs) to 3,500 lbs. per acre for BFMs. However, the required amount of hydraulic mulch to provide adequate coverage of exposed topsoil may appear to exceed the standard rates when the roughness of the soil surface is changed due to soil preparation methods (see EC-15 Soil Preparation) or by slope gradient. Other factors such as existing soil moisture and soil texture can have a profound effect on the amount of hydraulic mulch required (i.e. application rate) applied to achieve an erosion- resistant covering. Avoid use of mulch without a tackifier component, especially on slopes. Mulches used in the hydraulic mulch slurry can include: - Cellulose fiber (paper- or corn-based) - Wood fibers - Cotton - Synthetics - Compost (see EC-14, Compost Blanket) - Straw Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Categories of Hydraulic Mulches Standard Hydraulic Mulch (SM) Standard hydraulic mulches are generally applied at a rate of 2,000 lbs. per acre and are manufactured containing around 5% tackifier (i.e. soil binder), usually a plant-derived guar or psyllium type. Most standard mulches are green in color derived from food-color based dyes. Hydraulic Matrices (HM) and Stabilized Fiber Matrices (SFM) Hydraulic matrices and stabilized fiber matrices are slurries which contain increased levels of tackifiers/soil binders; usually 10% or more by weight. HMs and SFMs have improved performance compared to a standard hydraulic mulch (SM) because of the additional percentage of tackifier and because of their higher application rates, typically 2,500 – 4,000 lbs. per acre. Hydraulic matrices can include a mixture of fibers, for example, a 50/50 blend of paper and wood fiber. In the case of an SFM, the tackifier/soil binder is specified as a polyacrylamide (PAM). Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) Bonded fiber matrices (BFMs) are hydraulically-applied systems of fibers, adhesives (typically guar- or polymer-based) and chemical cross-links. Upon drying, the slurry forms an erosion- resistant blanket that prevents soil erosion and promotes vegetation establishment. The cross- linked adhesive in the BFM should be biodegradable and should not dissolve or disperse upon re-wetting. BFMs are typically applied at rates from 3,000 to 4,000 lbs. per acre based on the manufacturers recommendation. BFMs should not be applied immediately before, during or immediately after rainfall or if the soil is saturated. Depending on the product, BFMs typically require 12 to 24 hours to dry and become effective. Hydraulic Compost Matrix (HCM) Hydraulic compost matrix (HCM) is a field-derived practice whereby finely graded or sifted compost is introduced into the hydraulic mulch slurry. A guar-type tackifier can be added for steeper slope applications as well as any specified seed mixtures. An HCM can help to accelerate seed germination and growth. HCMs are particularly useful as an in-fill for three-dimensional re-vegetation geocomposites, such as turf reinforcement mats (TRM) (see EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats). Costs Average installed costs for hydraulic mulch categories are is provided in Table 1, below. Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Table HYDRAULIC MULCH BMPs INSTALLED COSTS BMP Installed Cost/Acre Standard Hydraulic Mulching (SM) $2,100 - $4,700 per acre Hydraulic Matrices (HM) and Stabilized Fiber Matrices Guar-based PAM-based $2,600 - $5,200 per acre $3,200 - $7,200 per acre Bonded Fiber Matrix (BFM) $5,000 - $8,800 per acre Hydraulic Compost Matrix (HCM) $3,800 - $4,500 per acre Source: Cost information received from individual product manufacturers solicited by Geosyntec Consultants (2004). Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. Inspection and Maintenance Maintain an unbroken, temporary mulched ground cover throughout the period of construction when the soils are not being reworked. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident should be repaired and BMPs re-applied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require re-application of BMPs. Compare the number of bags or weight of applied mulch to the area treated to determine actual application rates and compliance with specifications. References Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls: Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Controlling Erosion of Construction Sites, Agricultural Information #347, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (formerly Soil Conservation Service – SCS). Guides for Erosion and Sediment Control in California, USDA Soils Conservation Service, January 1991. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Sedimentation and Erosion Control, an Inventory of Current Practices Draft, US EPA, April 1990. Hydraulic Mulch EC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Soil Erosion by Water, Agriculture Information Bulletin #513, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Guidance Document: Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 1999 Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Hydroseeding EC-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Hydroseeding typically consists of applying a mixture of a hydraulic mulch, seed, and water with the possible addition of tackifier, compost, mycorrhizae inoculant, fertilizer, and/or soil conditioner, to temporarily protect exposed soils from erosion by water and wind. Hydraulic seeding, or hydroseeding, is simply the method by which temporary or permanent seed is applied to the soil surface and temporary erosion control is established by means of the mulch component. Suitable Applications Hydroseeding is suitable for disturbed areas requiring temporary protection until permanent stabilization is established, for disturbed areas that will be re-disturbed following an extended period of inactivity, or to apply permanent stabilization measures. Hydroseeding without mulch or other cover (e.g., EC-7, Geotextiles and Mats) is not a stand-alone erosion control BMP and should be combined with additional measures until vegetation establishment. Typical applications for hydroseeding include: Disturbed soil/graded areas where permanent stabilization or continued earthwork is not anticipated prior to seed germination. Cleared and graded areas exposed to seasonal rains or temporary irrigation. To vegetate swales and earthen berms. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-5 Soil Binders EC-6 Straw Mulch EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching EC-14 Compost Blanket EC-16 Non-Vegetative Stabilization If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Hydroseeding EC-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Areas not subject to heavy wear by construction equipment or high traffic. Limitations Availability of hydroseeding equipment may be limited just prior to the rainy season and prior to storms due to high demand. Hydraulic seed should be applied with hydraulic mulch or a stand-alone hydroseed application should be followed by one of the following: - Straw mulch (see Straw Mulch EC-6) - Rolled erosion control products (see Geotextiles and Mats EC-7) - Application of Compost Blanket (see Compost Blanket EC-14) Hydraulic seed may be used alone only on small flat surfaces when there is sufficient time in the season to ensure adequate vegetation establishment and coverage to provide adequate erosion control. Hydraulic seed without mulch does not provide immediate erosion control. Temporary seeding may not be appropriate for steep slopes (i.e., slopes readily prone to rill erosion or without sufficient topsoil). Temporary seeding may not be appropriate in dry periods without supplemental irrigation. Temporary vegetation may have to be removed before permanent vegetation is applied. Temporary vegetation may not be appropriate for short term inactivity (i.e., less than 3-6 months). Vegetation may not establish when hydroseed is applied to very compact soils. Mulch may inhibit germination when applied at high rates. This BMP consists of a mixture of several constituents (e.g., fibers/mulches, tackifiers, and other chemical constituents), some of which may be proprietary and may come pre-mixed by the manufacturer. The water quality impacts of these constituents are relatively unknown, and some may have water quality impacts due to their chemical makeup. Additionally, these constituents may require non-visible pollutant monitoring. Refer to specific chemical properties identified in the product Safety Data Sheet (SDS), although, note that not all SDS proide ecological informaion; products should be evaluated for project-specific implementation by the QSD. Refer to fact sheet EC-05, Soil Binders, for further guidance on selecting soil binders. Implementation In order to select appropriate hydraulic seed mixtures, an evaluation of site conditions should be performed with respect to: Hydroseeding EC-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org - Soil conditions - Maintenance requirements - Site topography and exposure (sun/wind) - Sensitive adjacent areas - Season and climate - Water availability - Vegetation types - Plans for permanent vegetation The local office of the U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Resource Conservation Districts and Agricultural Extension Service can provide information on appropriate seed mixes. The following steps should be followed for implementation: Where appropriate or feasible, soil should be prepared to receive the seed by disking or otherwise scarifying (See EC-15, Soil Preparation) the surface to eliminate crust, improve air and water infiltration and create a more favorable environment for germination and growth. Avoid use of hydraulic seed in areas where the BMP would be incompatible with future earthwork activities. Hydraulic seed can be applied using a multiple step or one step process. - In a multiple step process, hydraulic seed is applied first, followed by mulch or a Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP). - In the one step process, hydraulic seed is applied with hydraulic mulch in a hydraulic matrix. When the one step process is used to apply the mixture of fiber, seed, etc., the seed rate should be increased to compensate for all seeds not having direct contact with the soil. All hydraulically seeded areas should have mulch, or alternate erosion control cover to keep seeds in place and to moderate soil moisture and temperature until the seeds germinate and grow. All seeds should be in conformance with the California State Seed Law of the Department of Agriculture. Each seed bag should be delivered to the site sealed and clearly marked as to species, purity, percent germination, dealer's guarantee, and dates of test. The container should be labeled to clearly reflect the amount of Pure Live Seed (PLS) contained. All legume seed should be pellet inoculated. Inoculant sources should be species specific and should be applied at a rate of 2 lb of inoculant per 100 lb seed. Commercial fertilizer should conform to the requirements of the California Food and Agricultural Code, which can be found at: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.html/fac_table_of_contents.html. Fertilizer should be pelleted or granular form. Follow up applications should be made as needed to cover areas of poor coverage or germination/vegetation establishment and to maintain adequate soil protection. Avoid over spray onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, existing vegetation, etc. Hydroseeding EC-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Costs Average cost for installation and maintenance may vary from as low as $2,400 per acre for flat slopes and stable soils, to $5,200 per acre for moderate to steep slopes and/or erosive soils. Cost of seed mixtures vary based on types of required vegetation. BMP Installed Cost per Acre Hydraulic Seed $2,400-$5,200 Source: Cost information received from individual product manufacturers solicited by Geosyntec Consultants (2004). Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident should be repaired and BMPs re-applied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require re-application of BMPs. Where seeds fail to germinate, or they germinate and die, the area must be re-seeded, fertilized, and mulched within the planting season, using not less than half the original application rates. Irrigation systems, if applicable, should be inspected daily while in use to identify system malfunctions and line breaks. When line breaks are detected, the system must be shut down immediately and breaks repaired before the system is put back into operation. Irrigation systems should be inspected for complete coverage and adjusted as needed to maintain complete coverage. References Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls: Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Guidance Document: Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 1999. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Soil binding consists of application and maintenance of a soil stabilizer to exposed soil surfaces. Soil binders are materials applied to the soil surface to temporarily prevent water and wind induced erosion of exposed soils on construction sites. Suitable Applications Soil binders are typically applied to disturbed areas requiring temporary protection. Because soil binders, when used as a stand-alone practice, can often be incorporated into the soil, they are a good alternative to mulches in areas where grading activities will soon resume. Soil binders are commonly used in the following areas: Rough graded soils that will be inactive for a short period of time. Soil stockpiles. Temporary haul roads prior to placement of crushed rock. Compacted soil road base. Construction staging, materials storage, and layout areas. Slopes and areas requiring stabilization prior to rain. Disturbed areas subject to high winds. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseeding EC-6 Straw Mulch EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Soil binders are temporary in nature and may need reapplication. Soil binders require a minimum curing time until fully effective, as prescribed by the manufacturer. Curing time may be 24 hours or longer. Soil binders may need reapplication after a storm event. Soil binders will generally experience spot failures during heavy rainfall events. If runoff penetrates the soil at the top of a slope treated with a soil binder, it is likely that the runoff will undercut the stabilized soil layer and discharge at a point further down slope. Plant-material-based soil binders do not generally hold up to pedestrian or vehicular traffic across treated areas as well as polymeric emulsion blends or cementitious-based binders. Soil binders may not sufficiently penetrate compacted soils. Some soil binders are soil texture specific in terms of their effectiveness. For example, polyacrylamides (PAMs) work very well on silt and clayey soils but their performance decreases dramatically in sandy soils. Some soil binders may not perform well with low relative humidity. Under rainy conditions, some agents may become slippery or leach out of the soil. Soil binders may not cure if low temperatures occur within 24 hours of application. The water quality impacts of some chemical soil binders are relatively unknown, and some may have water quality impacts due to their chemical makeup. Additionally, these chemicals may require non-visible pollutant monitoring. Products should be evaluated for project- specific implementation by the SWPPP Preparer. Refer to the product Material Safety Data Sheet for chemical properties. Implementation General Considerations Soil binders should conform to local municipality specifications and requirements. Site soil types will dictate appropriate soil binders to be used. A soil binder must be environmentally benign (non-toxic to plant and animal life), easy to apply, easy to maintain, economical, and should not stain paved or painted surfaces. Soil binders should not pollute stormwater when cured. Obtain a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) from the manufacturer to ensure non-toxicity (note however, the SDS may not include ecological information). Stormwater runoff from PAM treated soils should pass through one of the following sediment control BMP prior to discharging to surface waters. - When the total drainage area is greater than or equal to 5 acres, PAM treated areas should drain to a sediment basin. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org - Areas less than 5 acres should drain to sediment control BMPs, such as a sediment trap, or a series of check dams. The total number of check dams used should be maximized to achieve the greatest amount of settlement of sediment prior to discharging from the site. Each check dam should be spaced evenly in the drainage channel through which stormwater flows are discharged off site. Performance of soil binders depends on temperature, humidity, and traffic across treated areas. Avoid over spray onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, existing vegetation, etc. Some soil binders are designed for application to roads. Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Selecting a Soil Binder Properties of common soil binders used for erosion control are provided on Table 1 at the end of this Fact Sheet. Use Table 1 to select an appropriate soil binder. Refer to WE-1, Wind Erosion Control, for dust control soil binders. Factors to consider when selecting a soil binder include the following: Suitability to situation - Consider where the soil binder will be applied, if it needs a high resistance to leaching or abrasion, and whether it needs to be compatible with any existing vegetation. Determine the length of time soil stabilization will be needed, and if the soil binder will be placed in an area where it will degrade rapidly. In general, slope steepness is not a discriminating factor for the listed soil binders. Soil types and surface materials - Fines and moisture content are key properties of surface materials. Consider a soil binder's ability to penetrate, likelihood of leaching, and ability to form a surface crust on the surface materials. Frequency of application - The frequency of application is related to the functional longevity of the binder, which can be affected by subgrade conditions, surface type, climate, and maintenance schedule. Frequent applications could lead to high costs. Application frequency may be minimized if the soil binder has good penetration, low evaporation, and good longevity. Consider also that frequent application will require frequent equipment clean up. Plant-Material-Based (Short Lived, <6 months) Binders Guar: Guar is a non-toxic, biodegradable, natural galactomannan-based hydrocolloid treated with dispersant agents for easy field mixing. It should be mixed with water at the rate of 11 to 15 lb per 1,000 gallons. Recommended minimum application rates are as follows: Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Application Rates for Guar Soil Stabilizer Slope (H:V): Flat 4:1 3:1 2:1 1:1 lb/acre: 40 45 50 60 70 Psyllium: Psyllium is composed of the finely ground muciloid coating of plantago seeds that is applied as a dry powder or in a wet slurry to the surface of the soil. It dries to form a firm but rewettable membrane that binds soil particles together but permits germination and growth of seed. Psyllium requires 12 to 18 hours drying time. Application rates should be from 80 to 200 lb/acre, with enough water in solution to allow for a uniform slurry flow. Starch: Starch is non-ionic, cold water soluble (pre-gelatinized) granular cornstarch. The material is mixed with water and applied at the rate of 150 lb/acre. Approximate drying time is 9 to 12 hours. Plant-Material-Based (Long Lived, 6-12 months) Binders Pitch and Rosin Emulsion: Generally, a non-ionic pitch and rosin emulsion has a minimum solids content of 48%. The rosin should be a minimum of 26% of the total solids content. The soil stabilizer should be non-corrosive, water dilutable emulsion that upon application cures to a water insoluble binding and cementing agent. For soil erosion control applications, the emulsion is diluted and should be applied as follows: For clayey soil: 5 parts water to 1-part emulsion For sandy soil: 10 parts water to 1-part emulsion Application can be by water truck or hydraulic seeder with the emulsion and product mixture applied at the rate specified by the manufacturer. Polymeric Emulsion Blend Binders Acrylic Copolymers and Polymers: Polymeric soil stabilizers should consist of a liquid or solid polymer or copolymer with an acrylic base that contains a minimum of 55% solids. The polymeric compound should be handled and mixed in a manner that will not cause foaming or should contain an anti-foaming agent. The polymeric emulsion should not exceed its shelf life or expiration date; manufacturers should provide the expiration date. Polymeric soil stabilizer should be readily miscible in water, non-injurious to seed or animal life, non-flammable, should provide surface soil stabilization for various soil types without totally inhibiting water infiltration, and should not re-emulsify when cured. The applied compound typically requires 12 to 24 hours drying time. Liquid copolymer should be diluted at a rate of 10 parts water to 1- part polymer and the mixture applied to soil at a rate of 1,175 gallons/acre. Liquid Polymers of Methacrylates and Acrylates: This material consists of a tackifier/sealer that is a liquid polymer of methacrylates and acrylates. It is an aqueous 100% acrylic emulsion blend of 40% solids by volume that is free from styrene, acetate, vinyl, ethoxylated surfactants or silicates. For soil stabilization applications, it is diluted with water in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations and applied with a hydraulic seeder at the rate of 20 gallons/acre. Drying time is 12 to 18 hours after application. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Copolymers of Sodium Acrylates and Acrylamides: These materials are non-toxic, dry powders that are copolymers of sodium acrylate and acrylamide. They are mixed with water and applied to the soil surface for erosion control at rates that are determined by slope gradient: Slope Gradient (H:V) lb/acre Flat to 5:1 3.0 5.0 5:1 to 3:1 5.0 10.0 2:1 to 1:1 10.0 20.0 Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Poly-Acrylamide (PAM) and Copolymer of Acrylamide: Linear copolymer polyacrylamide for use as a soil binder is packaged as a dry flowable solid, as a liquid. Refer to the manufacture recommendation for dilution and application rates as they vary based on liquid or dry form, site conditions and climate. Limitations specific to PAM are as follows: - Do not use PAM on a slope that flows into a water body without passing through a sediment trap or sediment basin. - The specific PAM copolymer formulation must be anionic. Cationic PAM should not be used in any application because of known aquatic toxicity problems. Only the highest drinking water grade PAM, certified for compliance with ANSI/NSF Standard 60 for drinking water treatment, should be used for soil applications. - PAM deigaed f ei ad edie c hd be ae be iea -c iked. - PAM should not be used as a stand-alone BMP to protect against water-based erosion. When combined with mulch, its effectiveness increases dramatically. Hydro-Colloid Polymers: Hydro-Colloid Polymers are various combinations of dry flowable poly-acrylamides, copolymers and hydro-colloid polymers that are mixed with water and applied to the soil surface at rates of 55 to 60 lb/acre. Drying times are 0 to 4 hours. Cementitious-Based Binders Gypsum: This is a formulated gypsum-based product that readily mixes with water and mulch to form a thin protective crust on the soil surface. It is composed of high purity gypsum that is ground, calcined and processed into calcium sulfate hemihydrate with a minimum purity of 86%. It is mixed in a hydraulic seeder and applied at rates 4,000 to 12,000 lb/acre. Drying time is 4 to 8 hours. Applying Soil Binders After selecting an appropriate soil binder, the untreated soil surface must be prepared before applying the soil binder. The untreated soil surface must contain sufficient moisture to assist the agent in achieving uniform distribution. In general, the following steps should be followed: Fo aface ie ecedai f aicai ae, e -wetting of application area, and cleaning of equipment after use. Prior to application, roughen embankment and fill areas. Consider the drying time for the selected soil binder and apply with sufficient time before anticipated rainfall. Soil binders should not be applied during or immediately before rainfall. Avoid over spray onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, sound walls, existing vegetation, etc. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Soil binders should not be applied to frozen soil, areas with standing water, under freezing or rainy conditions, or when the temperature is below 40°F during the curing period. More than one treatment is often necessary, although the second treatment may be diluted or have a lower application rate. Generally, soil binders require a minimum curing time of 24 hours before they are fully effective. Refer to manufacturer's instructions for specific cure time. For liquid agents: - Crown or slope ground to avoid ponding. - Uniformly pre-wet ground at 0.03 to 0.3 gal/yd2 accdig aface recommendations. - Apply solution under pressure. Overlap solution 6 to 12 in. - Allow treated area to cure for the time recommended by the manufacturer; typically, at least 24 hours. - Apply second treatment before first treatment becomes ineffective, using 50% application rate. - In low humidities, reactivate chemicals by re-wetting with water at 0.1 to 0.2 gal/yd2. Costs Costs vary according to the soil stabilizer selected for implementation. The following are approximate installed costs: Soil Binder Cost per Acre Plant-Material-Based (Short Lived) Binders $900-$1,200 Plant-Material-Based (Long Lived) Binders $1,500-$1,900 Polymeric Emulsion Blend Binders $900-$1,900 Cementitious-Based Binders $1,000-$1,500 Source: Cost information received from individual product manufacturers solicited by Geosyntec Consultants (2004). Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech Inc. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident should be repaired and BMPs re-applied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require re-application of BMPs. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org Reapply the selected soil binder as needed to maintain effectiveness. Table 1 Properties of Soil Binders for Erosion Control Evaluation Criteria Binder Type Plant Material Based (Short Lived) Plant Material Based (Long Lived) Polymeric Emulsion Blends Cementitious- Based Binders Relative Cost Low Moderate to High Low to High Low to Moderate Resistance to Leaching High High Low to Moderate Moderate Resistance to Abrasion Moderate Low Moderate to High Moderate to High Longevity Short to Medium Medium Medium to Long Medium Minimum Curing Time before Rain 9 to 18 hours 19 to 24 hours 0 to 24 hours 4 to 8 hours Compatibility with Existing Vegetation Good Poor Poor Poor Mode of Degradation Biodegradable Biodegradable Photodegradable/ Chemically Degradable Photodegradable/ Chemically Degradable Labor Intensive No No No No Specialized Application Equipment Water Truck or Hydraulic Mulcher Water Truck or Hydraulic Mulcher Water Truck or Hydraulic Mulcher Water Truck or Hydraulic Mulcher Liquid/Powder Powder Liquid Liquid/Powder Powder Surface Crusting Yes, but dissolves on rewetting Yes Yes, but dissolves on rewetting Yes Clean Up Water Water Water Water Erosion Control Application Rate Varies (1) Varies (1) Varies (1) 4,000 to 12,000 lbs/acre (1) See Implementation for specific rates. Soil Binders EC-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 9 Construction www.casqa.org References Erosion Control Pilot Study Report, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), June 2000. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices Draft, US EPA, April 1990. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Guidance Document: Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 1999. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Straw Mulch EC-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Straw mulch consists of placing a uniform layer of straw and incorporating it into the soil with a studded roller or crimper or anchoring it with a tackifier or stabilizing emulsion. Straw mulch protects the soil surface from the impact of rain drops, preventing soil particles from becoming dislodged. Suitable Applications Straw mulch is suitable for disturbed areas requiring temporary protection until permanent stabilization is established. Straw mulch can be specified for the following applications: As a stand-alone BMP on disturbed areas until soils can be prepared for permanent vegetation. The longevity of straw mulch is typically less than six months. Applied in combination with temporary seeding strategies Applied in combination with permanent seeding strategies to enhance plant establishment and final soil stabilization Applied around containerized plantings to control erosion until the plants become established to provide permanent stabilization Limitations Availability of straw and straw blowing equipment may be limited just prior to the rainy season and prior to storms due to high demand. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseeding EC-5 Soil Binders EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching EC-14 Compost Blanket If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Straw Mulch EC-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org There is a potential for introduction of weed seed and unwanted plant material if weed-free agricultural straw is not specified. Straw mulch applied by hand is more time intensive and potentially costly. Wind may limit application of straw and blow straw into undesired locations. May have to be removed prior to permanent seeding or prior to further earthwork. Pnching of a doe no ok in and oil, neceiaing he e of ackifie. Potential fugitive dust control issues associated with straw applications can occur. Application of a stabilizing emulsion or a water stream at the same time straw is being blown can reduce this problem. Use of plastic netting should be avoided in areas where wildlife may be entrapped and may be prohibited for projects in certain areas with sensitive wildlife species, especially reptiles and amphibians. Implementation Straw should be derived from weed-free wheat, rice, or barley. Where required by the plans, specifications, permits, or environmental documents, native grass straw should be used. Use tackifier to anchor straw mulch to the soil on slopes. Crimping, punch roller-type rollers, or track walking may also be used to incorporate straw mulch into the soil on slopes. Track walking can be used where other methods are impractical. Avoid placing straw onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, sound walls, existing vegetation, etc. Straw mulch with tackifier should not be applied during or immediately before rainfall. Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Application Procedures When using a tackifier to anchor the straw mulch, roughen embankment or fill areas by rolling with a crimping or punching-type roller or by track walking before placing the straw mulch. Track walking should only be used where rolling is impractical. Apply straw at a rate of between 3,000 and 4,000 lb./acre, either by machine or by hand distribution and provide 100% ground cover. A lighter application is used for flat surfaces and a heavier application is used for slopes. Evenly distribute straw mulch on the soil surface. Anchoring straw mulch to the soil surface by "punching" it into the soil mechanically (incorporating) can be used in lieu of a tackifier. Straw Mulch EC-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Methods for holding the straw mulch in place depend upon the slope steepness, accessibility, soil conditions, and longevity. - A tackifier acts to glue the straw fibers together and to the soil surface. The tackifier should be selected based on longevity and ability to hold the fibers in place. A tackifier is typically applied at a rate of 125 lb./acre. In windy conditions, the rates are typically 180 lb./acre. - On very small areas, a spade or shovel can be used to punch in straw mulch. - On slopes with soils that are stable enough and of sufficient gradient to safely support construction equipment without contributing to compaction and instability problems, straw can be "punched" into the ground using a knife blade roller or a straight bladed coulter, known commercially as a "crimper. Costs Average annual cost for installation and maintenance is included in the table below. Application by hand is more time intensive and potentially more costly. BMP Unit Cost per Acre Straw mulch, crimped or punched $3,150-$6,900 Straw mulch with tackifier $2,300-$6,200 Source: Cost information received from individual product suppliers solicited by Geosyntec Consultants (2004). Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident should be repaired and BMPs re-applied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require re-application of BMPs. The key consideration in inspection and maintenance is that the straw needs to last long enough to achieve erosion control objectives. Straw mulch as a stand-alone BMP is temporary and is not suited for long-term erosion control. Maintain an unbroken, temporary mulched ground cover while disturbed soil areas are inactive. Repair any damaged ground cover and re-mulch exposed areas. Reapplication of straw mulch and tackifier may be required to maintain effective soil stabilization over disturbed areas and slopes. Straw Mulch EC-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org References Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls: Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Controlling Erosion of Construction Sites, Agricultural Information Bulletin #347, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (formerly Soil Conservation Service SCS). Guides for Erosion and Sediment Control in California, USDA Soils Conservation Service, January 1991. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Soil Erosion by Water, Agricultural Information Bulletin #513, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs), also known as erosion control matting or blankets, can be made of natural or synthetic materials or a combination of the two. RECPs are used to cover the soil surface to reduce erosion from rainfall impact, hold soil in place, and absorb and hold moisture near the soil surface. Additionally, RECPs may be used to stabilize soils until vegetation is established or to reinforce non-woody surface vegetation. Suitable Applications RECPs are typically applied on slopes where erosion hazard is high, and vegetation will be slow to establish. Mattings are also used on stream banks, swales and other drainage channels where moving water at velocities between 3 ft/s and 6 ft/s are likely to cause scour and wash out new vegetation and in areas where the soil surface is disturbed and where existing vegetation has been removed. RECPs may also be used when seeding cannot occur (e.g., late season construction and/or the arrival of an early rain season). RECPs should be considered when the soils are fine grained and potentially erosive. RECPs should be considered in the following situations: Steep slopes, generally steeper than 3:1 (H:V). Long slopes. Slopes where the erosion potential is high. Slopes and disturbed soils where mulch must be anchored. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseeding If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Disturbed areas where temporary cover is needed, or plants are slow to establish or will not establish. Channels with flows exceeding 3.3 ft/s. Channels to be vegetated. Stockpiles. Slopes adjacent to water bodies. Limitations RECP installed costs are generally higher than other erosion control BMPs, limiting their use to areas where other BMPs are ineffective (e.g., channels, steep slopes). RECPs may delay seed germination, due to reduction in soil temperature and/or sunlight. RECPs are generally not suitable for excessively rocky sites or areas where the final vegetation will be mowed (since staples and netting can catch in mowers). If a staple or pin cannot be driven into the soil because the underlying soil is too hard or rocky, then an alternative BMP should be selected. If used for temporary erosion control, RECPs should be removed and disposed of prior to application of permanent soil stabilization measures. The use of plastic sheeting should be limited to covering stockpiles or very small graded areas for short periods of time (such as through one imminent storm event) until other measures, such as seeding and mulching, may be installed. - Plastic sheeting is easily vandalized, easily torn, photodegradable, and must be disposed of at a landfill. - Plastic sheeting results in 100% runoff, which may cause serious erosion problems in the areas receiving the increased flow. According to the State Water Boards CGP Review, Issue #2, only RECPs that either do not contain plastic netting or contain netting manufactured from 100% biodegradable non- plastic materials, such as jute, sisal, or coir fiber should be used due to plastic pollution and wildlife concerns. If a plastic-netted product is used for temporary stabilization, it must be promptly removed when no longer needed and removed or replaced with non-plastic netted RECPs for final stabilization. RECPs may have limitations based on soil type, slope gradient, or channel flow rate; consult the manufacturer for proper selection. Not suitable for areas that have foot traffic (tripping hazard) e.g., pad areas around buildings under construction. RECPs that incorporate a plastic netting (e.g. straw blanket typically uses a plastic netting to hold the straw in place) may not be suitable near known wildlife habitat. Wildlife can become trapped in the plastic netting. As per State Water Board guidance, RECPs that Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org contain plastic netting are discouraged for temporary controls and are not acceptable alternatives for permanent controls. RECPs that do not contain plastic netting or contain netting manufactured from 100% biodegradable non-plastic materials such as jute, sisal, or coir fiber should be used. RECPs may have limitations in extremely windy climates; they are susceptible to wind damage and displacement. However, when RECPs are properly trenched at the top and bottom and stapled in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations, problems ith wind can be minimized. Implementation Material Selection Natural RECPs have been found to be effective where re-vegetation will be provided by re- seeding. The choice of material should be based on the size of area, side slopes, surface conditions such as hardness, moisture, weed growth, and availability of materials. Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. The following natural and synthetic RECPs are commonly used: Geotextiles Material can be a woven or a non-woven polypropylene fabric with minimum thickness of 0.06 in., minimum width of 12 ft and should have minimum tensile strength of 150 lbs (warp), 80 lbs (fill) in conformance with the requirements in ASTM Designation: D 4632. The permittivity of the fabric should be approximately 0.07 sec 1 in conformance with the requirements in ASTM Designation: D4491. The fabric should have an ultraviolet (UV) stability of 70 percent in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation: D4355. Geotextile blankets must be secured in place with wire staples or sandbags and by keying into tops of slopes to prevent infiltration of surface waters under geotextile. Staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. Geotextiles may be reused if they are suitable for the use intended. Plastic Covers Generally plastic sheeting should only be used as stockpile covering or for very small graded areas for short periods of time (such as through one imminent storm event). If plastic sheeting must be used, choose a plastic that will withstand photo degradation. Plastic sheeting should have a minimum thickness of 6 mils and must be keyed in at the top of slope (when used as a temporary slope protection) and firmly held in place with sandbags or other weights placed no more than 10 ft apart. Seams are typically taped or weighted down their entire length, and there should be at least a 12 in. to 24 in. overlap of all seams. Edges should be embedded a minimum of 6 in. in soil (when used as a temporary slope protection). All sheeting must be inspected periodically after installation and after significant rainstorms to check for erosion, undermining, and anchorage failure. Any failures must be repaired Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org immediately. If washout or breakages occur, the material should be re-installed after repairing the damage to the slope. Erosion Control Blankets/Mats Biodegradable RECPs are typically composed of jute fibers, curled wood fibers, straw, coconut fiber, or a combination of these materials. In order for an RECP to be considered 100% biodegradable, the netting, sewing or adhesive system that holds the biodegradable mulch fibers together must also be biodegradable. See typical installation details at the end of this fact sheet. - Jute is a natural fiber that is made into a yarn that is loosely woven into a biodegradable mesh. The performance of jute as a stand-alone RECP is low. Most other RECPs outperform jute as a temporary erosion control product and therefore jute is not commonly used. It is designed to be used in conjunction with vegetation. The material is supplied in rolled strips, which should be secured to the soil with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance ith manufacturers recommendations. - Excelsior (curled wood fiber) blanket material should consist of machine produced mats of curled wood excelsior with 80 percent of the fiber 6 in. or longer. The excelsior blanket should be of consistent thickness. The wood fiber must be evenly distributed over the entire area of the blanket. The top surface of the blanket should be covered with a photodegradable extruded plastic mesh. The blanket should be smolder resistant without the use of chemical additives and should be non-toxic and non-injurious to plant and animal life. Excelsior blankets should be furnished in rolled strips, a minimum of 48 in. wide, and should have an average weight of 0.8 lb/yd2, 10 percent, at the time of manufacture. Excelsior blankets must be secured in place with wire staples. Staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. - Straw blanket should be machine produced mats of straw with a lightweight biodegradable netting top layer. The straw should be attached to the netting with biodegradable thread or glue strips. The straw blanket should be of consistent thickness. The straw should be evenly distributed over the entire area of the blanket. Straw blanket should be furnished in rolled strips a minimum of 6.5 ft wide, a minimum of 80 ft long and a minimum of 0.5 lb/yd2. Straw blankets must be secured in place with wire staples. Staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. - Wood fiber blanket is composed of biodegradable fiber mulch with extruded plastic netting held together with adhesives. The material is designed to enhance re-vegetation. The material is furnished in rolled strips, which must be secured to the ground with U- shaped staples or stakes in accordance ith manufacturers recommendations. - Coconut fiber blanket should be a machine produced mat of 100 percent coconut fiber with biodegradable netting on the top and bottom. The coconut fiber should be attached to the netting with biodegradable thread or glue strips. The coconut fiber blanket should be of consistent thickness. The coconut fiber should be evenly distributed over the entire area of the blanket. Coconut fiber blanket should be furnished in rolled strips with a minimum of 6.5 ft wide, a minimum of 80 ft. long and a minimum of 0.5 Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org lb/yd2. Coconut fiber blankets must be secured in place with wire staples. Staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. - Coconut fiber mesh is a thin permeable membrane made from coconut or corn fiber that is spun into a yarn and woven into a biodegradable mat. It is designed to be used in conjunction with vegetation and typically has longevity of several years. The material is supplied in rolled strips, which must be secured to the soil with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. - Straw coconut fiber blanket should be machine produced mats of 70 percent straw and 30 percent coconut fiber with a biodegradable netting top layer and a biodegradable bottom net. The straw and coconut fiber should be attached to the netting with biodegradable thread or glue strips. The straw coconut fiber blanket should be of consistent thickness. The straw and coconut fiber should be evenly distributed over the entire area of the blanket. Straw coconut fiber blanket should be furnished in rolled strips a minimum of 6.5 ft wide, a minimum of 80 ft long and a minimum of 0.5 lb/yd2. Straw coconut fiber blankets must be secured in place with wire staples. Staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. Non-biodegradable RECPs are typically composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon or other synthetic fibers. In some cases, a combination of biodegradable and synthetic fibers is used to construct the RECP. Netting used to hold these fibers together is typically non- biodegradable as well. Only biodegradable RECPs can remain on a site applying for a Notice of Termination due to plastic pollution and wild life concerns (State Waterboard, 2016). RECPs containing plastic that are used on a site must be disposed of for final stabilization. - Plastic netting is a lightweight biaxially oriented netting designed for securing loose mulches like straw or paper to soil surfaces to establish vegetation. The netting is photodegradable. The netting is supplied in rolled strips, which must be secured with U- shaped staples or stakes in accordance ith manufacturers recommendations. - Plastic mesh is an open weave geotextile that is composed of an extruded synthetic fiber woven into a mesh with an opening size of less than ¼ in. It is used with re- vegetation or may be used to secure loose fiber such as straw to the ground. The material is supplied in rolled strips, which must be secured to the soil with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance ith manufacturers recommendations. - Synthetic fiber with netting is a mat that is composed of durable synthetic fibers treated to resist chemicals and ultraviolet light. The mat is a dense, three-dimensional mesh of synthetic (typically polyolefin) fibers stitched between two polypropylene nets. The mats are designed to be re-vegetated and provide a permanent composite system of soil, roots, and geomatrix. The material is furnished in rolled strips, which must be secured with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance ith manufacturers recommendations. - Bonded synthetic fibers consist of a three-dimensional geometric nylon (or other synthetic) matting. Typically, it has more than 90 percent open area, which facilitates Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org root groth. Its tough root reinforcing sstem anchors vegetation and protects against hydraulic lift and shear forces created by high volume discharges. It can be installed over prepared soil, followed by seeding into the mat. Once vegetated, it becomes an invisible composite system of soil, roots, and geomatrix. The material is furnished in rolled strips that must be secured with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. - Combination synthetic and biodegradable RECPs consist of biodegradable fibers, such as wood fiber or coconut fiber, with a heavy polypropylene net stitched to the top and a high strength continuous filament geomatrix or net stitched to the bottom. The material is designed to enhance re-vegetation. The material is furnished in rolled strips, which must be secured with U-shaped staples or stakes in accordance with manufacturers recommendations. Site Preparation Proper soil preparation is essential to ensure complete contact of the RECP with the soil. Soil Roughening is not recommended in areas where RECPs will be installed. Grade and shape the area of installation. Remove all rocks, clods, vegetation or other obstructions so that the installed blankets or mats will have complete, direct contact with the soil. Prepare seedbed by loosening 2 to 3 in. of topsoil. Seeding/Planting Seed the area before blanket installation for erosion control and re-vegetation. Seeding after mat installation is often specified for turf reinforcement application. When seeding prior to blanket installation, all areas disturbed during blanket installation must be re-seeded. Where soil filling is specified for turf reinforcement mats (TRMs), seed the matting and the entire disturbed area after installation and prior to filling the mat with soil. Fertilize and seed in accordance with seeding specifications or other types of landscaping plans. The protective matting can be laid over areas where grass has been planted and the seedlings have emerged. Where vines or other ground covers are to be planted, lay the protective matting first and then plant through matting according to design of planting. Check Slots Check slots shall be installed as required by the manufacturer. Laying and Securing Matting Before laying the matting, all check slots should be installed and the seedbed should be friable, made free from clods, rocks, and roots. The surface should be compacted and finished according to the requirements of the manufacturers recommendations. Mechanical or manual lay down equipment should be capable of handling full rolls of fabric and laying the fabric smoothly without wrinkles or folds. The equipment should meet the fabric manufacturers recommendations or equivalent standards. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Anchoring U-shaped wire staples, metal geotextile stake pins, or triangular wooden stakes can be used to anchor mats and blankets to the ground surface. Wire staples should be made of minimum 11-gauge steel wire and should be U-shaped with 8 in. legs and 2 in. crown. Metal stake pins should be 0.188 in. diameter steel with a 1.5 in. steel washer at the head of the pin, and 8 in. in length. Wire staples and metal stakes should be driven flush to the soil surface. Installation on Slopes Installation should be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. In general, these will be as follows: Begin at the top of the slope and anchor the blanket in a 6 in. deep by 6 in. wide trench. Backfill trench and tamp earth firmly. Unroll blanket down slope in the direction of water flow. Overlap the edges of adjacent parallel rolls 2 to 3 in. and staple every 3 ft (or greater, per manufacturers specifications). When blankets must be spliced, place blankets end over end (shingle style) with 6 in. overlap. Staple through overlapped area, approximately 12 in. apart. Lay blankets loosely and maintain direct contact with the soil. Do not stretch. Staple blankets sufficiently to anchor blanket and maintain contact with the soil. Staples should be placed down the center and staggered with the staples placed along the edges. Steep slopes, 1:1 (H:V) to 2:1 (H:V), require a minimum of 2 staples/yd2. Moderate slopes, 2:1 (H:V) to 3:1 (H:V), require a minimum of 1 ½ staples/yd2. Check manufacturers specifications to determine if a higher density staple pattern is required. Installation in Channels Installation should be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. In general, these will be as follows: Dig initial anchor trench 12 in. deep and 6 in. wide across the channel at the lower end of the project area. Excavate intermittent check slots, 6 in. deep and 6 in. wide across the channel at 25 to 30 ft intervals along the channels. Cut longitudinal channel anchor trenches 4 in. deep and 4 in. wide along each side of the installation to bury edges of matting, whenever possible extend matting 2 to 3 in. above the crest of the channel side slopes. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Beginning at the downstream end and in the center of the channel, place the initial end of the first roll in the anchor trench and secure with fastening devices at 12 in. intervals. Note: matting will initially be upside down in anchor trench. In the same manner, position adjacent rolls in anchor trench, overlapping the preceding roll a minimum of 3 in. Secure these initial ends of mats with anchors at 12 in. intervals, backfill and compact soil. Unroll center strip of matting upstream. Stop at next check slot or terminal anchor trench. Unroll adjacent mats upstream in similar fashion, maintaining a 3 in. overlap. Fold and secure all rolls of matting snugly into all transverse check slots. Lay mat in the bottom of the slot then fold back against itself. Anchor through both layers of mat at 12 in. intervals, then backfill and compact soil. Continue rolling all mat widths upstream to the next check slot or terminal anchor trench. Alternate method for non-critical installations: Place two rows of anchors on 6 in. centers at 25 to 30 ft. intervals in lieu of excavated check slots. Staple shingled lap spliced ends a minimum of 12 in. apart on 12 in. intervals. Place edges of outside mats in previously excavated longitudinal slots; anchor using prescribed staple pattern, backfill, and compact soil. Anchor, fill, and compact upstream end of mat in a 12 in. by 6 in. terminal trench. Secure mat to ground surface using U-shaped wire staples, geotextile pins, or wooden stakes. Seed and fill turf reinforcement matting with soil, if specified. Soil Filling (if specified for turf reinforcement mat (TRM)) Installation should be in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations. Tpical installation guidelines are as follows: After seeding, spread and lightly rake ½-3/4 inches of fine topsoil into the TRM apertures to completely fill TRM thickness. Use backside of rake or other flat implement. Alternatively, if allowed by product specifications, spread topsoil using lightweight loader, backhoe, or other power equipment. Avoid sharp turns with equipment. Always consult the manufacturer's recommendations for installation. Do not drive tracked or heavy equipment over mat. Avoid any traffic over matting if loose or wet soil conditions exist. Use shovels, rakes, or brooms for fine grading and touch up. Smooth out soil filling just exposing top netting of mat. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary Soil Stabilization Removal Temporary soil stabilization removed from the site of the work must be disposed of if necessary. Costs Installed costs can be relatively high compared to other BMPs. Approximate costs for installed materials are shown below: Rolled Erosion Control Products Installed Cost per Acre Biodegradable Jute Mesh $7,700-$9,000 Curled Wood Fiber $10,200-$13,400 Straw $10,200-$13,400 Wood Fiber $10,200-$13,400 Coconut Fiber $16,600-$18,000 Coconut Fiber Mesh $38,400-$42,200 Straw Coconut Fiber $12,800-$15,400 Non-Biodegradable Plastic Netting $2,600-$2,800 Plastic Mesh $3,800-$4,500 Synthetic Fiber with Netting $43,500-$51,200 Bonded Synthetic Fibers $57,600-$70,400 Combination with Biodegradable $38,400-$46,100 Source: Cost information received from individual product manufacturers solicited by Geosyntec Consultants (2004). Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. Inspection and Maintenance RECPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident shall be repaired and BMPs reapplied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require reapplication of BMPs. If washout or breakage occurs, re-install the material after repairing the damage to the slope or channel. Make sure matting is uniformly in contact with the soil. Check that all the lap joints are secure. Check that staples are flush with the ground. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org References CGP Review #2, State Water Resources Control Board, 2014. Available online at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/training/cgp_revie w_issue2.pdf. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005 Erosion Control Pilot Study Report, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), June 2000. Guides for Erosion and Sediment Controls in California, USDA Soils Conservation Service, January 1991. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Guidance Document: Soil Stabilization for Temporary Slopes, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 1999. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for The Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 11 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Geotextiles and Mats EC-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 12 of 12 Construction www.casqa.org Wood Mulching EC-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Wood mulching consists of applying a mixture of shredded wood mulch or bark to disturbed soils. The primary function of wood mulching is to reduce erosion by protecting bare soil from rainfall impact, increasing infiltration, and reducing runoff. Suitable Applications Wood mulching is suitable for disturbed soil areas requiring temporary protection until permanent stabilization is established. Wood mulch may also be used for final stabilization; generally, used in a landscape setting or areas that will have pedestrian traffic. Limitations Best suited to flat areas or gentle slopes or 5:1 (H:V) or flatter. Not suitable for use on slopes steeper than 3:1 (H:V). For slopes steeper than 3:1, consider the use of Compost Blankets (EC-14). Wood mulch may introduce unwanted species if it contains seed, although it may also be used to prevent weed growth if it is seed-free. Not suitable for areas exposed to concentrated flows. If used for temporary stabilization, wood mulch may need to be removed prior to further earthwork. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseeding EC-5 Soil Binders EC-6 Straw Mulch EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Wood Mulching EC-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation Mulch Selection There are many types of mulches. Selection of the appropriate type of mulch should be based on the type of application, site conditions, and compatibility with planned or future uses. Application Procedures Prior to application, after existing vegetation has been removed, roughen embankment and fill areas by rolling with a device such as a punching type roller or by track walking. The construction application procedures for mulches vary significantly depending upon the type of mulching method specified. Two methods are highlighted here: Green Material: This type of mulch is produced by the recycling of vegetation trimmings such as grass, shredded shrubs, and trees. Chipped brush from on-site vegetation clearing activities may be used (this may require stockpiling and reapplying after earthwork is complete). Methods of application are generally by hand although pneumatic methods are available. - Green material can be used as a temporary ground cover with or without seeding. - The green material should be evenly distributed on site to a depth of not more than 2 in. Shredded Wood: Suitable for ground cover in ornamental or revegetated plantings. - Shredded wood/bark is conditionally suitable. See note under limitations. - Distribute by hand or use pneumatic methods. - Evenly distribute the mulch across the soil surface to a depth of 2 to 3 in. Avoid mulch placement onto roads, sidewalks, drainage channels, existing vegetation, etc. Costs Assuming a 2-in. layer of wholesale landscaping-grade wood mulch, the average one-time cost for installation may range from $15,000 – $23,000 per acre1. Costs can increase if the source is not close to the project site. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident shall be repaired and BMPs reapplied as soon as possible. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require reapplication of BMPs. 1 Costs based on estimates provided by the California Department of Transportation’s Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, CTSW-TM-07-172.35.1, July 2007 (available at: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LandArch/16_la_design/guidance/estimating/Soil_Stabilization_Pricing.pdf) and adjusted for inflation from 1997 to 2016. Wood Mulching EC-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Regardless of the mulching technique selected, the key consideration in inspection and maintenance is that the mulch needs to last long enough to achieve erosion control objectives. If the mulch is applied as a stand-alone erosion control method over disturbed areas (without seed), it should last the length of time the site will remain barren or until final re-grading and revegetation. Where vegetation is not the ultimate cover, such as ornamental and landscape applications of bark or wood chips, inspection and maintenance should focus on longevity and integrity of the mulch. Reapply mulch when bare earth becomes visible. References Controlling Erosion of Construction Sites Agriculture Information Bulletin #347, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) (formerly Soil Conservation Service – SCS). Guides for Erosion and Sediment Control in California, USDA Soils Conservation Servi ce, January 1991. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices Draft, U.S. EPA, April 1990. Soil Erosion by Water Agricultural Information Bulletin #513, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, CTSW-TM-07-172.35.1, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Available online at: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LandArch/16_la_design/guidance/estimating/Soil_Stabilization_P ricing.pdf. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose An earth dike is a temporary berm or ridge of compacted soil used to divert runoff or channel water to a desired location. A drainage swale is a shaped and sloped depression in the soil surface used to convey runoff to a desired location. Earth dikes and drainage swales are used to divert off site runoff around the construction site, divert runoff from stabilized areas and disturbed areas, and direct runoff into sediment basins or traps. Suitable Applications Earth dikes and drainage swales are suitable for use, individually or together, where runoff needs to be diverted from one area and conveyed to another. Earth dikes and drainage swales may be used: - To convey surface runoff down sloping land - To intercept and divert runoff to avoid sheet flow over sloped surfaces - To divert and direct runoff towards a stabilized watercourse, drainage pipe or channel - To intercept runoff from paved surfaces - To intercept and divert run-on - Below steep grades where runoff begins to concentrate Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org - Along roadways and facility improvements subject to flood drainage - At the top of slopes to divert runon from adjacent or undisturbed slopes - At bottom and mid slope locations to intercept sheet flow and convey concentrated flows - Divert sediment laden runoff into sediment basins or traps Limitations Dikes should not be used for drainage areas greater than 10 acres or along slopes greater than 10 percent. For larger areas more permanent drainage structures should be built. All drainage structures should be built in compliance with local municipal requirements. Earth dikes may create more disturbed area on site and become barriers to construction equipment. Earth dikes must be stabilized immediately, which adds cost and maintenance concerns. Diverted stormwater may cause downstream flood damage. Dikes should not be constructed of soils that may be easily eroded. Regrading the site to remove the dike may add additional cost. Temporary drains and swales or any other diversion of runoff should not adversely impact upstream or downstream properties. Temporary drains and swales must conform to local floodplain management requirements. Earth dikes/drainage swales are not suitable as sediment trapping devices. It may be necessary to use other soil stabilization and sediment controls such as check dams, plastics, and blankets, to prevent scour and erosion in newly graded dikes, swales, and ditches. Sediment accumulation, scour depressions, and/or persistent non-stormwater discharges can result in areas of standing water suitable for mosquito production in drainage swales. Implementation The temporary earth dike is a berm or ridge of compacted soil, located in such a manner as to divert stormwater to a sediment trapping device or a stabilized outlet, thereby reducing the potential for erosion and offsite sedimentation. Earth dikes can also be used to divert runoff from off site and from undisturbed areas away from disturbed areas and to divert sheet flows away from unprotected slopes. An earth dike does not itself control erosion or remove sediment from runoff. A dike prevents erosion by directing runoff to an erosion control device such as a sediment trap or directing runoff away from an erodible area. Temporary diversion dikes should not adversely impact adjacent properties and must conform to local floodplain management regulations and should not be used in areas with slopes steeper than 10%. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Slopes that are formed during cut and fill operations should be protected from ero sion by runoff. A combination of a temporary drainage swale and an earth dike at the top of a slope can divert runoff to a location where it can be brought to the bottom of the slope (see EC-11, Slope Drains). A combination dike and swale is easily constructed by a single pass of a bulldozer or grader and compacted by a second pass of the tracks or wheels over the ridge. Diversion structures should be installed when the site is initially graded and remain in place until post construction BMPs are installed and the slopes are stabilized. Diversion practices concentrate surface runoff, increasing its velocity and erosive force. Thus, the flow out of the drain or swale must be directed onto a stabilized area or into a grade stabilization structure. If significant erosion will occur, a swale should be stabilized using vegetation, chemical treatment, rock rip-rap, matting, or other physical means of stabilization. Any drain or swale that conveys sediment laden runoff must be diverted into a sediment basin or trap before it is discharged from the site. General Care must be applied to correctly size and locate earth dikes, drainage swales. Excessively steep, unlined dikes, and swales are subject to erosion and gully formation. Conveyances should be stabilized. Use a lined ditch for high flow velocities. Select flow velocity based on careful evaluation of the risks due to erosion of the measure, soil types, overtopping, flow backups, washout, and drainage flow patterns for each project site. Compact any fills to prevent unequal settlement. Do not divert runoff onto other property without securing written authorization from the property owner. When possible, install and utilize permanent dikes, swales, and ditches early in the construction process. Provide stabilized outlets. Earth Dikes Temporary earth dikes are a practical, inexpensive BMP used to divert stormwater runoff. Temporary diversion dikes should be installed in the following manner: All dikes should be compacted by earth moving equipment. All dikes should have positive drainage to an outlet. All dikes should have 2:1 or flatter side slopes, 18 in. minimum height, and a minimum top width of 24 in. Wide top widths and flat slopes are usually needed at crossings for construction traffic. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org May be covered with hydro mulch, hydroseed, wood mulch, compost blanket, or RECP for stabilization. The outlet from the earth dike must function with a minimum of erosion. Runoff should be conveyed to a sediment trapping device such as a Sediment Trap (SE-3) or Sediment Basin (SE-2) when either the dike channel or the drainage area above the dike are not adequately stabilized. Temporary stabilization may be achieved using seed and mulching for slopes less than 5% and either rip-rap or sod for slopes in excess of 5%. In either case, stabilization of the earth dike should be completed immediately after construction or prior to the first rain. If riprap is used to stabilize the channel formed along the toe of the dike, the following typical specifications apply: Channel Grade Riprap Stabilization 0.5-1.0% 4 in. Rock 1.1-2.0% 6 in. Rock 2.1-4.0% 8 in. Rock 4.1-5.0% 8 in. -12 in. Riprap The stone riprap, recycled concrete, etc. used for stabilization should be pressed into the soil with construction equipment. Filter cloth may be used to cover dikes in use for long periods. Construction activity on the earth dike should be kept to a minimum. Drainage Swales Drainage swales are only effective if they are properly installed. Swales are more effective than dikes because they tend to be more stable. The combination of a swale with a dike on the downhill side is the most cost-effective diversion. Standard engineering design criteria for small open channel and closed conveyance systems should be used (see the local drainage design manual). Unless local drainage design criteria state otherwise, drainage swales should be designed as follows: No more than 5 acres may drain to a temporary drainage swale. Place drainage swales above or below, not on, a cut or fill slope. Swale bottom width should be at least 2 ft. Depth of the swale should be at least 18 in. Side slopes should be 2:1 or flatter. Drainage or swales should be laid at a grade of at least 1 %, but not more than 15 %. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org The swale must not be overtopped by the peak discharge from a 10-year storm, irrespective of the design criteria stated above. Remove all trees, stumps, obstructions, and other objectionable material from the swale when it is built. Compact any fill material along the path of the swale. Stabilize all swales immediately. Seed and mulch swales at a slope of less than 5 % and use rip-rap or sod for swales with a slope between 5 and 15 %. For temporary swales, geotextiles and mats (EC-7) may provide immediate stabilization. Irrigation may be required to establish sufficient vegetation to prevent erosion. Do not operate construction vehicles across a swale unless a stabilized crossing is provided. Permanent drainage facilities must be designed by a professional engineer (see the local drainage design criteria for proper design). At a minimum, the drainage swale should conform to predevelopment drainage patterns and capacities. Construct the drainage swale with a positive grade to a stabilized outlet. Provide erosion protection or energy dissipation measures if the flow out of the drainage swale can reach an erosive velocity. Costs Cost ranges from $19 to $70 per ft. for both earthwork and stabilization and depends on availability of material, site location, and access (Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Small dikes: $3 - $8/linear ft.; Large dikes: $3/yd3 (Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc.). The cost of a drainage swale increases with drainage area and slope. Typical swales for controlling internal erosion are inexpensive, as they are quickly formed during routine earthwork. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs prior to forecast rain, daily during extended rain events, after rain events, weekly during the rainy season, and at two-week intervals during the non-rainy season. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Inspect ditches and berms for washouts. Replace lost riprap, damaged linings or soil stabilizers as needed. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect channel linings, embankments, and beds of ditches and berms for erosion and accumulation of debris and sediment. Remove debris and sediment and repair linings and embankments as needed. Temporary conveyances should be completely removed as soon as the surrounding drainage area has been stabilized or at the completion of construction References Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, S.J. Goldman, K. Jackson, T.A. Bursetynsky, P.E., McGraw Hill Book Company, 1986. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Metzger, M.E. 2004. Managing mosquitoes in stormwater treatment devices. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8125. On-line: http:// anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8125.pdf National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). Stormwater Runoff & Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Guide for Builders and Developers. National Association of Home Builders, Washington, D.C., 1995 National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical Report No. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. 1991 Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales EC-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Outlet protection is a physical device composed of rock, grouted riprap, or concrete rubble, which is placed at the outlet of a pipe or channel to prevent scour of the soil caused by concentrated, high velocity flows. Suitable Applications Whenever discharge velocities and energies at the outlets of culverts, conduits, or channels are sufficient to erode the next downstream reach. This includes temporary diversion structures to divert runon during construction. These devices may be used at the following locations: Outlets of pipes, drains, culverts, slope drains, diversion ditches, swales, conduits, or channels. Outlets located at the bottom of mild to steep slopes. Discharge outlets that carry continuous flows of water. Outlets subject to short, intense flows of water, such as flash floods. Points where lined conveyances discharge to unlined conveyances Limitations Large storms or high flows can wash away the rock outlet protection and leave the area susceptible to erosion. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Sediment captured by the rock outlet protection may be difficult to remove without removing the rock. Outlet protection may negatively impact the channel habitat. Grouted riprap may break up in areas of freeze and thaw. If there is not adequate drainage, and water builds up behind grouted riprap, it may cause the grouted riprap to break up due to the resulting hydrostatic pressure. Sediment accumulation, scour depressions, and/or persistent non-stormwater discharges can result in areas of standing water suitable for mosquito production in velocity dissipation devices. Implementation General Outlet protection is needed where discharge velocities and energies at the outlets of culverts, conduits or channels are sufficient to erode the immediate downstream reach. This practice protects the outlet from developing small eroded pools (plange pools) and protects against gully erosion resulting from scouring at a culvert mouth. Design and Layout As with most channel design projects, depth of flow, roughness, gradient, side slopes, discharge rate, and velocity should be considered in the outlet design. Compliance to local and state regulations should also be considered while working in environmentally sensitive streambeds. General recommendations for rock size and length of outlet protection mat are shown in the rock outlet protection figure in this BMP and should be considered minimums. The apron length and rock size gradation are determined using a combination of the discharge pipe diameter and estimate discharge rate: Select the longest apron length and largest rock size suggested by the pipe size and discharge rate. Where flows are conveyed in open channels such as ditches and swales, use the estimated discharge rate for selecting the apron length and rock size. Flows should be same as the culvert or channel design flow but never the less than the peak 5-year flow for temporary structures planned for one rainy season, or the 10-year peak flow for temporary structures planned for two or three rainy seasons. There are many types of energy dissipaters, with rock being the one that is represented in the attached figure. Best results are obtained when sound, durable, and angular rock is used. Install riprap, grouted riprap, or concrete apron at selected outlet. Riprap aprons are best suited for temporary use during construction. Grouted or wired tied rock riprap can minimize maintenance requirements. Rock outlet protection is usually less expensive and easier to install than concrete aprons or energy dissipaters. It also serves to trap sediment and reduce flow velocities. Carefully place riprap to avoid damaging the filter fabric. Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org - Stone 4 in. to 6 in. may be carefully dumped onto filter fabric from a height not to exceed 12 in. - Stone 8 in. to 12 in. must be hand placed onto filter fabric, or the filter fabric may be covered with 4 in. of gravel and the 8 in. to 12 in. rock may be dumped from a height not to exceed 16 in. - Stone greater than 12 in. shall only be dumped onto filter fabric protected with a layer of gravel with a thickness equal to one half the D50 rock size, and the dump height limited to twice the depth of the gravel protection layer thickness. For proper operation of apron: Align apron with receiving stream and keep straight throughout its length. If a curve is needed to fit site conditions, place it in upper section of apron. Outlets on slopes steeper than 10 percent should have additional protection. Costs Costs are low if material is readily available. If material is imported, costs will be higher. Average installed cost is $250 per device. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subjected to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Minimize areas of standing water by removing sediment blockages and filling scour depressions. Inspect apron for displacement of the riprap and damage to the underlying fabric. Repair fabric and replace riprap that has washed away. If riprap continues to wash away, consider using larger material. Inspect for scour beneath the riprap and around the outlet. Repair damage to slopes or underlying filter fabric immediately. Temporary devices should be completely removed as soon as the surrounding drainage area has been stabilized or at the completion of construction. References County of Sacramento Improvement Standards, Sacramento County, May 1989. Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook, S.J. Goldman, K. Jackson, T.A. Bursztynsky, P.E., McGraw Hill Book Company, 1986. Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction, American Iron and Steel Institute, 1983. Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Metzger, M.E. 2004. Managing mosquitoes in stormwater treatment devices. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8125. On-line: http:// anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8125.pdf Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, state of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Velocity Dissipation Devices EC-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Pipe Diameter inches Discharge ft3/s Apron Length, La ft Rip Rap D50 Diameter Min inches 12 5 10 10 13 4 6 18 10 20 30 40 10 16 23 26 6 8 12 16 24 30 40 50 60 16 26 26 30 8 8 12 16 For larger or higher flows consult a Registered Civil Engineer Source: USDA - SCS Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A slope drain is a pipe used to intercept and direct surface runoff or groundwater into a stabilized watercourse, trapping device, or stabilized area. Slope drains are used with earth dikes and drainage ditches to intercept and direct surface flow away from slope areas to protect cut or fill slopes. Suitable Applications Where concentrated flow of surface runoff must be conveyed down a slope in order to prevent erosion. Drainage for top of slope diversion dikes or swales. Drainage for top of cut and fill slopes where water can accumulate. Emergency spillway for a sediment basin. Limitations Installation is critical for effective use of the pipe slope drain to minimize potential gully erosion. Maximum drainage area per slope drain is 10 acres. (For large areas use a paved chute, rock lined channel, or additional pipes.) Severe erosion may result when slope drains fail by overtopping, piping, or pipe separation. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-9 Earth Dike, Drainage Swales If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org - During large storms, pipe slope drains may become clogged or over charged, forcing water around the pipe and causing extreme slope erosion. - If the sectional downdrain is not sized correctly, the runoff can spill over the drain sides causing gully erosion and potential failure of the structure. Dissipation of high flow velocities at the pipe outlet is required to avoid downstream erosion. Sediment accumulation, scour depressions, and/or persistent non-stormwater discharges can result in areas of standing water suitable for mosquito production in energy dissipaters associated with slope drain outlets. Implementation General The slope drain is applicable for any construction site where concentrated surface runoff can accumulate and must be conveyed down the slope in order to prevent erosion. The slope drain is effective because it prevents the stormwater from flowing directly down the slope by confining all the runoff into an enclosed pipe or channel. Due to the time lag between grading slopes and installation of permanent stormwater collection systems and slope stabilization measures, temporary provisions to intercept runoff are sometimes necessary. Particularly in steep terrain, slope drains can protect unstabilized areas from erosion. Installation The slope drain may be a rigid pipe, such as corrugated metal, a flexible conduit, or a lined terrace drain with the inlet placed on the top of a slope and the outlet at the bottom of the slope. This BMP typically is used in combination with a diversion control, such as an earth dike or drainage swale at the top of the slope. The following criteria must be considered when siting slope drains. Permanent structures included in the project plans can often serve as construction BMPs if implemented early. However, the permanent structure must meet or exceed the criteria for the temporary structure. Inlet structures must be securely entrenched and compacted to avoid severe gully erosion. Slope drains must be securely anchored to the slope and must be adequately sized to carry the capacity of the design storm and associated forces. Outlets must be stabilized with riprap, concrete or other type of energy dissipator, or directed into a stable sediment trap or basin. See EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Devices. Debris racks are recommended at the inlet. Debris racks located several feet upstream of the inlet can usually be larger than racks at the inlet, and thus provide enhanced debris protection and less plugging. Safety racks are also recommended at the inlet and outlet of pipes where children or animals could become entrapped. Secure inlet and surround with dikes to prevent gully erosion and anchor pipe to slope. Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org When using slope drains, limit drainage area to 10 acres per pipe. For larger areas, use a rock lined channel or a series of pipes. Size to convey at least the peak flow of a 10-year storm. The design storm is conservative due to the potential impact of system failures. Maximum slope generally limited to 2:1 (H:V) as energy dissipation below steeper slopes is difficult. Direct surface runoff to slope drains with interceptor dikes. See BMP EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales. Top of interceptor dikes should be 12 in. higher than the top of the slope drain. Slope drains can be placed on or buried underneath the slope surface. Recommended materials include both metal and plastic pipe, either corrugated or smooth wall. Concrete pipe can also be used. When installing slope drains: - Install slope drains perpendicular to slope contours. - Compact soil around and under entrance, outlet, and along length of pipe. - Securely anchor and stabilize pipe and appurtenances into soil. - Check to ensure that pipe connections are watertight. - Protect area around inlet with filter cloth. Protect outlet with riprap or other energy dissipation device. For high energy discharges, reinforce riprap with concrete or use reinforced concrete device. - Protect outlet of slope drains using a flared end section when outlet discharges to a flexible energy dissipation device. - A flared end section installed at the inlet will improve flow into the slope drain and prevent erosion at the pipe entrance. Use a flared end section with a 6 in. minimum toe plate to help prevent undercutting. The flared section should slope towards the pipe inlet. Design and Layout The capacity for temporary drains should be sufficient to convey at least the peak runoff from a 10-year rainfall event. The pipe size may be computed using the Rational Method or a method established by the local municipality. Higher flows must be safely stored or routed to prevent any offsite concentration of flow and any erosion of the slope. The design storm is purposely conservative due to the potential impacts associated with system failures. As a guide, temporary pipe slope drains should not be sized smaller than shown in the following table: Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Minimum Pipe Diameter (Inches) Maximum Drainage Area (Acres) 12 1.0 18 3.0 21 5.0 24 7.0 30 10.0 Larger drainage areas can be treated if the area can be subdivided into areas of 10 acres or less and each area is treated as a separate drainage. Drainage areas exceeding 10 acres must be designed by a Registered Civil Engineer and approved by the agency that issued the grading permit. Materials: Soil type, rainfall patterns, construction schedule, local requirements, and available supply are some of the factors to be considered when selecting materials. The following types of slope drains are commonly used: Rigid Pipe: This type of slope drain is also known as a pipe drop. The pipe usually consists of corrugated metal pipe or rigid plastic pipe. The pipe is placed on undisturbed or compacted soil and secured onto the slope surface or buried in a trench. Concrete thrust blocks must be used when warranted by the calculated thrust forces. Collars should be properly installed and secured with metal strappings or watertight collars. Flexible Pipe: The flexible pipe slope drain consists of a flexible tube of heavy-duty plastic, rubber, or composite material. The tube material is securely anchored onto the slope surface. The tube should be securely fastened to the metal inlet and outlet conduit sections with metal strappings or watertight collars. Section Downdrains: The section downdrain consists of pre-fabricated, section conduit of half round or third round material. The sectional downdrain performs similar to a flume or chute. The pipe must be placed on undisturbed or compacted soil and secured into the slope. Concrete-lined Terrace Drain: This is a concrete channel for draining water from a terrace on a slope to the next level. These drains are typically specified as permanent structures and if installed early, can serve as slope drains during construction, which should be designed according to local drainage design criteria. Costs Cost varies based on pipe selection and selected outlet protection. Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Corrugated Steel Pipes, Per Foot Size Supplied and Installed Cost (No Trenching Included) 12 $25 per LF 15 $28.00 18 $33.00 24 $41.00 30 $64.00 PVC Pipes, Per Foot Size Supplied and Installed Cost (No Trenching Included) 12 $31.00 14 $63.00 16 $65.00 18 $69.00 20 $84.00 24 $119.00 30 $166.00 Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subjected to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Minimize areas of standing water by removing sediment blockages and filling scour depressions. Inspect outlet for erosion and downstream scour. If eroded, repair damage and install additional energy dissipation measures. If downstream scour is occurring, it may be necessary to reduce flows being discharged into the channel unless other preventative measures are implemented. Insert inlet for clogging or undercutting. Remove debris from inlet to maintain flows. Repair undercutting at inlet and if needed, install flared section or rip rap around the inlet to prevent further undercutting. Inspect pipes for leakage. Repair leaks and restore damaged slopes. Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect slope drainage for accumulations of debris and sediment. Remove built up sediment from entrances and outlets as required. Flush drains if necessary; capture and settle out sediment from discharge. Make sure water is not ponding onto inappropriate areas (e.g., active traffic lanes, material storage areas, etc.). Pipe anchors must be checked to ensure that the pipe remains anchored to the slope. Install additional anchors if pipe movement is detected. References Draft Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices, U.S.E.P.A., April 1990. Metzger, M.E. 2004. Managing mosquitoes in stormwater treatment devices. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8125. On-line: http:// anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8125.pdf National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). Stormwater Runoff & Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Guide for Builders and Developers. National Association of Home Builders, Washington, D.C., 1995 National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Slope Drains EC-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Stream channels, streambanks, and associated riparian areas are dynamic and sensitive ecosystems that respond to changes in land use activity. Streambank and channel disturbance resulting from construction activities can increase the streams sediment load, which can cause channel erosion or sedimentation and have adverse affects on the biotic system. BMPs can reduce the discharge of sediment and other pollutants to minimize the impact of construction activities on watercourses. Streams on the 303(d) list and listed for sediment may require numerous measures to prevent any increases in sediment load to the stream. Suitable Applications These procedures typically apply to all construction projects that disturb or occur within stream channels and their associated riparian areas. Limitations Specific permit requirements or mitigation measures such as Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) 401 Certification, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit and approval by California Department of Fish and Game supercede the guidance in this BMP. If numerical based water quality standards are mentioned in any of these and other related permits, testing and sampling may be required. Streams listed as 303(d) impaired for sediment, silt, or turbidity, are required to Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives Combination of erosion and sediment controls. If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org conduct sampling to verify that there is no net increase in sediment load due to construction activities. Implementation Planning Proper planning, design, and construction techniques can minimize impacts normally associated with in stream construction activities. Poor planning can adversely affect soil, fish, wildlife resources, land uses, or land users. Planning should take into account: scheduling; avoidance of in-stream construction; minimizing disturbance area and construction time period; using pre-disturbed areas; selecting crossing location; and selecting equipment. Scheduling Construction activities should be scheduled according to the relative sensitivity of the environmental concerns and in accordance with EC-1, Scheduling. Scheduling considerations will be different when working near perennial streams vs. ephemeral streams and are as follows. When in-stream construction is conducted in a perennial stream, work should optimally be performed during the rainy season. This is because in the summer, any sediment-containing water that is discharged into the watercourse will cause a large change in both water clarity and water chemistry. During the rainy season, there is typically more and faster flowing water in the stream, so discharges are diluted faster. However, should in-stream work be scheduled for summer, establishing an isolation area, or diverting the stream, will significantly decrease the amount of sediment stirred up by construction work. Construction work near perennial streams should optimally be performed during the dry season (see below). When working in or near ephemeral streams, work should be performed during the dry season. By their very nature, ephemeral streams are usually dry in the summer, and therefore, in-stream construction activities will not cause significant water quality problems. However, when tying up the site at the end of the project, wash any fines (see Washing Fines) that accumulated in the channel back into the bed material, to decrease pollution from the first rainstorm of the season. When working near ephemeral or perennial streams, erosion and sediment controls (see silt fences, straw bale barriers, etc.) should be implemented to keep sediment out of stream channel. Minimize Disturbance Minimize disturbance through: selection of the narrowest crossing location; limiting the number of equipment trips across a stream during construction; and, minimizing the number and size of work areas (equipment staging areas and spoil storage areas). Place work areas at least 50 ft from stream channel. Field reconnaissance should be conducted during the planning stage to identify work areas. Use of Pre-Disturbed Areas Locate project sites and work areas in areas disturbed by prior construction or other activity when possible. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Selection of Project Site Avoid steep and unstable banks, highly erodible or saturated soils, or highly fractured rock. Select project site that minimizes disturbance to aquatic species or habitat. Equipment Selection Select equipment that reduces the amount of pressure exerted on the ground surface, and therefore, reduces erosion potential and/or use overhead or aerial access for transporting equipment across drainage channels. Use equipment that exerts ground pressures of less than 5 or 6 lb/in2, where possible. Low ground pressure equipment includes: wide or high flotation tires (34 to 72 in. wide); dual tires; bogie axle systems; tracked machines; lightweight equipment; and, central tire inflation systems. Streambank Stabilization Preservation of Existing Vegetation Preserve existing vegetation in accordance with EC-2, Preservation of Existing Vegetation. In a streambank environment, preservation of existing vegetation provides the following benefits. Water Quality Protection Vegetated buffers on slopes trap sediment and promote groundwater recharge. The buffer width needed to maintain water quality ranges from 15 to 100 ft. On gradual slopes, most of the filtering occurs within the first 30 ft. Steeper slopes require a greater width of vegetative buffer to provide water quality benefits. Streambank Stabilization The root system of riparian vegetation stabilizes streambanks by increasing tensile strength in the soil. The presence of vegetation modifies the moisture condition of slopes (infiltration, evapo transpiration, interception) and increases bank stability. Riparian Habitat Buffers of diverse riparian vegetation provide food and shelter for riparian and aquatic organisms. Minimizing impacts to fisheries habitat is a major concern when working near streams and rivers. Riparian vegetation provides shade, shelter, organic matter (leaf detritus and large woody debris), and other nutrients that are necessary for fish and other aquatic organisms. Buffer widths for habitat concerns are typically wider than those recommended for water quality concerns (100 to 1500 ft). When working near watercourses, it is important to understand the work sites placement in the watershed. Riparian vegetation in headwater streams has a greater impact on overall water quality than vegetation in downstream reaches. Preserving existing vegetation upstream is necessary to maintain water quality, minimize bank failure, and maximize riparian habitat, downstream of the work site. Limitations Local county and municipal ordinances regarding width, extent and type of vegetative buffer required may exceed the specifications provided here; these ordinances should be investigated prior to construction. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Streambank Stabilization Specific Installation As a general rule, the width of a buffer strip between a road and the stream is recommended to be 50 ft plus four times the percent slope of the land, measured between the road and the top of stream bank. Hydraulic Mulch Apply hydraulic mulch on disturbed streambanks above mean high water level in accordance with EC-3, Hydraulic Mulch to provide temporary soil stabilization. Limitations Do not place hydraulic mulch or tackifiers below the mean high-water level, as these materials could wash into the channel and impact water quality or possibly cause eutrophication (eutrophication is an algal bloom caused by excessively high nutrient levels in the water). Hydroseeding Hydroseed disturbed streambanks in accordance with EC-4, Hydroseeding. Limitations Do not place tackifiers or fertilizers below the mean high-water level, as these materials could wash into the channel and impact water quality or possibly cause eutrophication. Soil Binders Apply soil binders to disturbed streambanks in accordance with EC-5, Soil Binders. Limitations Do not place soil binders below the mean high-water level. Soil binder must be environmentally benign and non-toxic to aquatic organisms. Straw Mulch Apply straw mulch to disturbed streambanks in accordance with EC-6, Straw Mulch. Limitations Do not place straw mulch below the mean high-water level, as this material could wash into the channel and impact water quality or possibly cause eutrophication. Geotextiles and Mats Install geotextiles and mats as described in EC-7, Geotextiles and Mats, to stabilize disturbed channels and streambanks. Not all applications should be in the channel, for example, certain geotextile netting may snag fish gills and are not appropriate in fish bearing streams. Geotextile fabrics that are not biodegradable are not appropriate for in stream use. Additionally, geotextile fabric or blankets placed in channels must be adequate to sustain anticipated hydraulic forces. Earth Dikes, Drainage Swales, and Lined Ditches Convey, intercept, or divert runoff from disturbed streambanks using EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Do not place earth dikes in watercourses, as these structures are only suited for intercepting sheet flow and should not be used to intercept concentrated flow. Appropriately sized velocity dissipation devices (EC-10) must be placed at outlets to minimize erosion and scour. Velocity Dissipation Devices Place velocity dissipation devices at outlets of pipes, drains, culverts, slope drains, diversion ditches, swales, conduits or channels in accordance with EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Devices. Slope Drains Use slope drains to intercept and direct surface runoff or groundwater into a stabilized watercourse, trapping device or stabilized area in accordance with EC-11, Slope Drains. Limitations Appropriately sized outlet protection and velocity dissipation devices (EC-10) must be placed at outlets to minimize erosion and scour. Streambank Sediment Control Silt Fences Install silt fences in accordance with SE-1, Silt Fence, to control sediment. Silt fences should only be installed where sediment laden water can pond, thus allowing the sediment to settle out. Fiber Rolls Install fiber rolls in accordance with SE-5, Fiber Rolls, along contour of slopes above the high-water level to intercept runoff, reduce flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow and provide removal of sediment from the runoff. In a stream environment, fiber rolls should be used in conjunction with other sediment control methods such as SE-1, Silt Fence or SE-9 Straw Bale Barrier. Install silt fence, straw bale barrier, or other erosion control method along toe of slope above the high-water level. Gravel Bag Berm A gravel bag berm or barrier can be utilized to intercept and slow the flow of sediment laden sheet flow runoff in accordance with SE-6, Gravel Bag Berm. In a stream environment gravel bag barrier can allow sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site and can be used to isolate the work area from the live stream. Limitations Gravel bag barriers are not recommended as a perimeter sediment control practice around streams. Straw Bale Barrier Install straw bale barriers in accordance with SE-9, Straw Bale Barrier, to control sediment. Straw bale barriers should only be installed where sediment laden water can pond, thus allowing the sediment to settle out. Install a silt fence in accordance with SE-1, Silt Fence, Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org on down slope side of straw bale barrier closest to stream channel to provide added sediment control. Rock Filter Description and Purpose Rock filters are temporary erosion control barriers composed of rock that is anchored in place. Rock filters detain the sediment laden runoff, retain the sediment, and release the water as sheet flow at a reduced velocity. Typical rock filter installations are illustrated at the end of this BMP. Applications Near the toe of slopes that may be subject to flow and rill erosion. Limitations Inappropriate for contributing drainage areas greater than 5 acres. Requires sufficient space for ponded water. Ineffective for diverting runoff because filters allow water to slowly seep through. Rock filter berms are difficult to remove when construction is complete. Unsuitable in developed areas or locations where aesthetics is a concern. Specifications Rock: open graded rock, 0.75 to 5 in. for concentrated flow applications. Woven wire sheathing: 1 in. diameter, hexagonal mesh, galvanized 20gauge (used with rock filters in areas of concentrated flow). In construction traffic areas, maximum rock berm heights should be 12 in. Berms should be constructed every 300 ft on slopes less than 5%, every 200 ft on slopes between 5% and 10%, and every 100 ft on slopes greater than 10%. Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect weekly during the rainy season and at two-week intervals in the non-rainy season to verify continued BMP implementation. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Reshape berms as needed and replace lost or dislodged rock, and filter fabric. Sediment that accumulates in the BMP must be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one third of the barrier height. Sediment removed during maintenance may be incorporated into earthwork on the site or disposed at an appropriate location. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org K-rail Description and Purpose This is temporary sediment control that uses K-rails to form the sediment deposition area, or to isolate the near bank construction area. Install K-rails at toe of slope in accordance with procedures described in NS-5, Clear Water Diversion. Barriers are placed end to end in a pre-designed configuration and gravel filled bags are used at the toe of the barrier and at their abutting ends to seal and prevent movement of sediment beneath or through the barrier walls. Appropriate Applications This technique is useful at the toe of embankments, cuts or fills slopes. Limitations The K-rail method should not be used to dewater a project site, as the barrier is not watertight. Implementation Refer to NS-5, Clear Water Diversion, for implementation requirements. Instream Construction Sediment Control There are three different options currently available for reducing turbidity while working in a stream or river. The stream can be isolated from the area in which work is occurring by means of a water barrier, the stream can be diverted around the work site through a pipe or temporary channel, or one can employ construction practices that minimize sediment suspension. Whatever technique is implemented, an important thing to remember is that dilution can sometimes be the solution. A probable “worst time to release high TSS into a stream system might be when the stream is very low; summer low flow, for example. During these times, the flow may be low while the biological activity in the stream is very high. Conversely, the addition of high TSS or sediment during a big storm discharge might have a relatively low impact, because the stream is already turbid, and the stream energy is capable of transporting both suspended solids, and large quantities of bedload through the system. The optimum time to “pull in-stream structures may be during the rising limb of a storm hydrograph. Techniques to minimize Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Padding - Padding laid in the stream below the work site may trap some solids that are deposited in the stream during construction. After work is done, the padding is removed from the stream, and placed on the bank to assist in re-vegetation. Clean, washed gravel - Using clean, washed gravel decreases solid suspension, as there are fewer small particles deposited in the stream. Excavation using a large bucket - Each time a bucket of soil is placed in the stream, a portion is suspended. Approximately the same amount is suspended whether a small amount of soil is placed in the stream, or a large amount. Therefore, using a large excavator bucket instead of a small one, will reduce the total amount of soil that washes downstream. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Use of dozer for backfilling - Using a dozer for backfilling instead of a backhoe follows the same principles – the fewer times soil is deposited in the stream, the less soil will be suspended. Partial dewatering with a pump - Partially dewatering a stream with a pump reduces the amount of water, and thus the amount of water that can suspend sediment. Washing Fines Definition and Purpose Washing fines is an “in-channel sediment control method, which uses water, either from a water truck or hydrant, to wash stream fines that were brought to the surface of the channel bed during restoration, back into the interstitial spaces of the gravel and cobbles. The purpose of this technique is to reduce or eliminate the discharge of sediment from the channel bottom during the first seasonal flow. Sediment should not be allowed into stream channels; however, occasionally in-channel restoration work will involve moving or otherwise disturbing fines (sand and silt sized particles) that are already in the stream, usually below bankfull discharge elevation. Subsequent re-watering of the channel can result in a plume of turbidity and sedimentation. This technique washes the fines back into the channel bed. Bedload materials, including gravel cobbles, boulders and those fines, are naturally mobilized during higher storm flows. This technique is intended to delay the discharge until the fines would naturally be mobilized. Appropriate Applications This technique should be used when construction work is required in channels. It is especially useful in intermittent or ephemeral streams in which work is performed “in the dry, and which subsequently become re-watered. Limitations The stream must have sufficient gravel and cobble substrate composition. The use of this technique requires consideration of time of year and timing of exp ected stream flows. The optimum time for the use of this technique is in the fall, prior to winter flows. Consultation with, and approval from the Department of Fish and Game and the Regional Water Quality Control Board may be required. Implementation Apply sufficient water to wash fines, but not cause further erosion or runoff. Apply water slowly and evenly to prevent runoff and erosion. Consult with Department of Fish and Game and the Regional Water Quality Control Board for specific water quality requirements of applied water (e.g. chlorine). Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance None necessary Costs Cost may vary according to the combination of practices implemented. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events until final stabilization is achieved. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Inspect and repair equipment (for damaged hoses, fittings, and gaskets). References Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices, An Inventory of Current Practices (Draft), UESPA, 1990. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Streambank Stabilization EC-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A compost blanket is applied to slopes and earth disturbed areas to prevent erosion, and in some cases, increase infiltration and/or establish vegetation. The compost blanket can be applied by hand, conveyor system, compost spreader, or pneumatic delivery (blower) system. The blanket thickness is determined from the slope steepness and anticipated precipitation. A compost blanket protects the soil surface from raindrop erosion, particularly rills and gullies that may form under other methods of erosion control. A compost blanket, if properly installed, can be very successful at vegetation establishment, weed suppression and erosion control. The compost blanket comes into direct contact with the underlying soil, reducing rill formation. Furthermore, compost provides organic matter and nutrients important for vegetation growth. The compost blanket provides soil structure that allows water to infiltrate the soil surface and retain moisture, which also promotes seed germination and vegetation growth, in addition to reducing runoff. Compost is typically derived from combinations of feedstocks, biosolids, leaf and yard trimmings, manure, wood, or mixed solid waste. Many types of compost are products of municipal recycle or "Green waste" programs. Compost is organic and biodegradable and can be left onsite. There are many types of compost with a variety of properties with specific functions, and accordingly, compost selection is an important design consideration in the application of this type of erosion control. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-4 Hydroseeding EC-5 Soil Binders EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats EC-8 Wood Mulching If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Suitable Applications A compost blanket is appropriate for slopes and earth disturbed areas requiring protection until permanent stabilization is established. A compost blanket can also used in combination with temporary and/or permanent seeding strategies to enhance plant establishment. Examples include: Rough-graded areas that will remain inactive for longer than 14 days Soil stockpiles Slopes with exposed soil between existing vegetation such as trees or shrubs Slopes planted with live, container-grown vegetation Disturbed areas where plants are slow to develop A compost blanket is typically used on slopes of 2:1 (H:V) or gentler. However, a compost blanket can be effective when applied to slopes as steep as 1:1 (H:V) with appropriate design considerations including slope length, blanket thickness, adding components such as a tackifier, or using compost blankets in conjunction with other techniques, such as compost socks and berms or fiber rolls. Compost can be pre-seeded prior to application to the soil (recommended by the EPA for construction site stormwater runoff control) or seeded after the blanket has been installed. The compost medium can also remove pollutants in stormwater including heavy metals; oil and grease; and hydrocarbons (USEPA, 1998). Limitations Compost can potentially leach nutrients (dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen) into runoff and potentially impact water quality. Compost should not be used directly upstream from nutrient impaired waterbodies (Adams et. al, 2008). Compost may also contain other undesirable constituents that are detrimental to water quality. Carefully consider the qualifications and experience of any compost producer/supplier. A compost blanket applied by hand is more time intensive and potentially costly. Using a pneumatic blower truck is the recommended cost-effective method of application. When blowers are used, the treatment areas should be within 300 ft of a road or surface capable of supporting trucks. Wind may limit application of compost and result in application to undesired locations. Compost blankets should not be applied in areas of concentrated flows. Steeper slopes may require additional blanket thickness and other stability measures such as using tackifiers or slope interruption devices (compost socks and berms, or fiber rolls). The same applies for sites with high precipitation totals or during the rainy season. Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Compost Materials California Compost Regulations (Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Article 7, Section 17868.3) define and require a quality of compost for application. Compost should comply with all physical and chemical requirements. Specific requirements are provided in Table 1 below, taken from Caltrans Standard Special Provision 10-1 (SSP 10-1), Erosion Control (Compost Blanket). The compost producer should be fully permitted as specified under the California Integrated Waste Management Board, Local Enforcement Agencies and any other State and Local Agencies that regulate Solid Waste Facilities. If exempt from State permitting requirements, the composting facility should certify that it follows guidelines and procedures for production of compost meeting the environmental health standards of Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Article 7. The compost producer should be a participant in United States Composting Council's Seal of Testing Assurance program. Compost moisture should be considered for composition quality and application purposes. A range of 30-50% is typical. Compost that is too dry is hard to apply and compost that is too wet is more difficult (and more expensive) to transport. For arid or semi-arid areas, or for application during the dry season, use compost with greater moisture content than areas with wetter climates. For wetter or more humid climates or for application during the wet season, drier composts can be used as the compost will absorb moisture from the ambient air. Organic content of the compost is also important and should range from 30 to 65% depending on site conditions. Compost should be high-quality mature compost. Immature compost can potentially leach nutrients. Compost should not be derived from mixed municipal solid waste and should be free of visible contaminants. Compost should not contain paint, petroleum products, pesticides or any other chemical residues harmful to animal life or plant growth. Metal concentrations in compost should not exceed the maximum metal concentrations listed under Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Section 17868.2. Compost should not possess objectionable odors. Compost should be weed free. Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Table 1. Physical/Chemical Requirements of Compost Reference - Caltrans SSP-10 Erosion Control Blanket (Compost) Property Test Method Requirement pH *TMECC 04.11-A Elastomeric pH 1:5 Slurry Method pH Units 6.0 8.0 Soluble Salts TMECC 04.10-A Electrical Conductivity 1:5 Slurry Method dS/m (mmhos/cm) 0-10.0 Moisture Content TMECC 03.09-A Total Solids & Moisture at 70+/- 5 deg C % Wet Weight Basis 30-60 Organic Matter Content TMECC 05.07-A Loss-On-Ignition Organic Matter Method (LOI) % Dry Weight Basis 30 65 Maturity TMECC 05.05-A Germination and Vigor Seed Emergence Seedling Vigor % Relative to Positive Control 80 or Above 80 or Above Stability TMECC 05.08-B Carbon Dioxide Evolution Rate mg CO2-C/g OM per day 8 or below Particle Size TMECC 02.02-B Sample Sieving for Aggregate Size Classification % Dry Weight Basis 100% Passing, 3 inches 90-100% Passing, 1 inch 65-100% Passing, 3/4 inch 0 - 75% Passing, 1/4 inch Maximum length 6 inches Pathogen TMECC 07.01-B Fecal Coliform Bacteria < 1000 MPN/gram dry wt. Pass Pathogen TMECC 07.01-B Salmonella < 3 MPN/4 grams dry wt. Pass Physical Contaminants TMECC 02.02-C Man Made Inert Removal and Classification: Plastic, Glass and Metal % > 4mm fraction Combined Total: < 1.0 Physical Contaminants TMECC 02.02-C Man Made Inert Removal and Classification: Sharps (Sewing needles, straight pins and hypodermic needles) % > 4mm fraction None Detected *TMECC refers to "Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost," published by the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Compost Council (USCC). Installation Prior to compost application, prepare the slope by removing loose rocks, roots, stumps, and other debris greater than 2 in diameter. Prepare the slope area surface by scarifying or track walking/roughening if necessary. Select method to apply the compost blanket. A pneumatic blower is most cost effective and most adaptive in applying compost to steep, rough terrain, and hard to reach locations. A compost blanket thickness of 1 to 4 should be applied to slopes of 2:1 (H:V) or gentler, based on site-specific conditions. Increase blanket thickness with increased slope steepness and/or during installation during the rainy season (for eample, 2 to 3 should be used for a Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org 3:1 slope, while 1 to 2 can be used for a 4:1 slope). Erosion control using a compost blanket is not recommended for slopes greater than 1:1 (H:V). For steeper slopes, tackifiers should be utilized and/or other stabilization techniques employed. For example, compost socks or berms can be installed at intervals over the compost blanket (in a similar manner as Fiber Rolls, SE-5). Compost socks or berms (or equivalent linear sediment control BMP) should be placed at the top and/or bottom of the slope for additional erosion control performance. For optimum vegetation establishment, a blanket thickness of 1 to 2 is recommended. If vegetation establishment is not the primary function of the compost blanket, a thicker blanket may be recommended based on slope or rainfall conditions. Evenly distribute compost on the soil surface to the desired blanket thickness (1/2 to 4 as calculated prior based on-site conditions and objectives). Even distribution is an important factor in preventing future rill and gully erosion. The compost blanket should extend 3 to 6 feet over the top of the shoulder of the slope. A compost sock or compost berm can be used at the top of the slope as an auxiliary technique to prevent runoff from flowing underneath the compost blanket. Use additional anchoring and erosion control BMPs in conjunction of the compost blanket as needed. Costs The cost associated with a compost blanket is similar to that of a straw mat and generally less expensive than a geotextile blanket (USEPA, 2009). Caltrans has provided a recent estimate for $5,600 to $9,000 per acre for application of an unseeded 1-inch compost blanket (Caltrans Compost Specifications, 2009. Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Vendor costs indicate that proprietary blends of compost that are seeded and contain a nutrient rich tackifier can cost approimatel $0.45 per square foot, or approximately $19,200 per acre for a 2-inch blanket (Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Application by hand is more time intensive and likely more costly. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Areas where erosion is evident, another layer of compost should be reapplied as soon as possible. It may be necessary to install an additional type of stormwater BMP at the top of slope or as a slope interrupter to control flow, such as a fiber roll (SE-5) or compost sock (SE-11). Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require reapplication of BMPs. Compost Blanket EC-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Limit or prohibit foot traffic to minimize damage to BMP or impede vegetation establishment. References An Analysis of Composting as an Environmental Remediation Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W), EPA530-R-8-008, 1998. Characteristics of Compost: Moisture Holding and Water Quality Improvement, Center for Research in Water Resources, Kirchoff, C., Malina, J., and Barrett, M., 2003. Compost Utilization for Erosion Control, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B1200.htm, Faucette, B. and Risse, M., 2009. Demonstration Project Using Yard Debris Compost for Erosion Control, Final Report, presented to Metropolitan Service District, W&H Pacific, 1993. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2005. Standard Special Provision 10-1, Erosion Control (Compost Blanket), California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). 2007 Update. Evaluation of Environmental Benefits and Impacts of Compost and Industry Standard Erosion and Sediment Controls Measures Used in Construction Activities, Dissertation, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Faucette, B., 2004. Filter Sock Presentation provided at Erosion, Sediment Control and Stormwater Management with Compost BMPs Workshop, U.S. Composting Council 13th Annual Conference and Trade Show, McCoy, S., 2005. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), Compost Blankets, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&vie w=specific&bmp=118, 2009. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing Designation M10-03, Compost for Erosion/Sediment Control (Compost Blankets), Provisional, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2003. Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) Field Trials of Erosion Control Compost in Reclamation of Rock Quarry Operations, Nonpoint Source Protection Program CWA §319(h), Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Adams, T., McFarland, A., Hauck, L., Barrett, M., and Eck, B., 2008. Soil Preparation/Roughening EC-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Soil Preparation/Roughening involves assessment and preparation of surface soils for BMP installation. This can include soil testing (for seed base, soil characteristics, or nutrients), as well as roughening surface soils by mechanical methods (including sheepsfoot rolling, track walking, scarifying, stair stepping, and imprinting) to prepare soil for additional BMPs, or to break up sheet flow. Soil Preparation can also involve tilling topsoil to prepare a seed bed and/or incorporation of soil amendments, to enhance vegetative establishment. Suitable Applications Soil preparation: Soil preparation is essential to proper vegetative establishment. In particular, soil preparation (i.e. tilling, raking, and amendment) is suitable for use in combination with any soil stabilization method, including Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) or sod. Soil preparation should not be confused with roughening. Roughening: Soil roughening is generally referred to as track walking (sometimes called imprinting) a slope, where treads from heavy equipment run parallel to the contours of the slope and act as mini terraces. Soil preparation is most effective when used in combination with erosion controls. Soil Roughening is suitable for use as a complementary process for controlling erosion on a site. Roughening is not intended to be used as a stand-alone BMP, and should be used with perimeter controls, additional erosion control measures, grade breaks, and vegetative establishment for maximum effectiveness. Roughening is intended to only affect surface soils and should not compromise slope stability or overall compaction. Suitable applications for soil roughening include: Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch EC-5 Soil Binders EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Soil Preparation/Roughening EC-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Along any disturbed slopes, including temporary stockpiles, sediment basins, or compacted soil diversion berms and swales. Roughening should be used in combination with hydraulically applied stabilization methods, compost blanket, or straw mulch; but should not be used in combination with RECPs or sod because roughening is intended to leave terraces on the slope. Limitations Preparation and roughening must take place prior to installing other erosion controls (such as hydraulically applied stabilizers) or sediment controls (such as fiber rolls) on the faces of slopes. In such cases where slope preparation is minimal, erosion control/revegetation BMPs that do not require extensive soil preparation - such as hydraulic mulching and seeding applications - should be employed. Consideration should be given to the type of erosion control BMP that follows surface preparation, as some BMPs are not designed to be installed over various types of tillage/roughening, i.e., RECPs should not be used with soil roughening due to a “bridging effect, which suspends the blanket above the seed bed. Surface roughness has an effect on the amount of mulch material that needs to be applied, which shows up as a general increase in mulch material due to an increase in surface area (Topographic Index -see EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch). Implementation Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. General A roughened surface can significantly reduce erosion. Based on tests done at the San Diego State Erosion Research Laboratory, various roughening techniques on slopes can result in a 12 - 76% reduction in the erosion rate versus smooth slopes. Materials Minimal materials are required unless amendments and/or seed are added to the soil. The majority of soil roughening/preparation can be done with equipment that is on hand at a normal construction site, such as bull dozers and compaction equipment. Installation Guidelines Soil Preparation Where appropriate or feasible, soil should be prepared to receive the seed by disking or otherwise scarifying the surface to eliminate crust, improve air and water infiltration and create a more favorable environment for germination and growth. Based upon soil testing conducted, apply additional soil amendments (e.g., fertilizers, additional seed) to the soil to help with germination. Follow EC-4, Hydroseeding, when selecting and applying seed and fertilizers. Soil Preparation/Roughening EC-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Cut Slope Roughening: Stair-step grade or groove the cut slopes that are steeper than 3:1. Use stair-step grading on any erodible material soft enough to be ripped with a bulldozer. Slopes consisting of soft rock with some subsoil are particularly suited to stair -step grading. Make the vertical cut distance less than the horizontal distance, and slightly slope the horizontal position of the "step" in toward the vertical wall. Do not make individual vertical cuts more than 2 ft. (0.6 m) high in soft materials or more than 3 ft. (0.9 m) high in rocky materials. Groove the slope using machinery to create a series of ridges and depressions that run across the slope, on the contour. Fill Slope Roughening: Place on fill slopes with a gradient steeper than 3:1 in lifts not to exceed 8 in. (0.2 m), and make sure each lift is properly compacted. Ensure that the face of the slope consists of loose, uncompacted fill 4-6 in. (0.1-0.2 m) deep. Use grooving or tracking to roughen the face of the slopes, if necessary. Do not blade or scrape the final slope face. Roughening for Slopes to be Mowed: Slopes that require mowing activities should not be steeper than 3:1. Roughen these areas to shallow grooves by track walking, scarifying, sheepsfoot rolling, or imprinting. Make grooves close together (less than 10 in.), and not less than 1 in. deep, and perpendicular to the direction of runoff (i.e., parallel to the slope contours). Excessive roughness is undesirable where mowing is planned. Roughening with Tracked Machinery: Limit roughening with tracked machinery to soils with a sandy textural component to avoid undue compaction of the soil surface. Operate tracked machinery up and down the slope to leave horizontal depressions in the soil. Do not back-blade during the final grading operation. Seed and mulch roughened areas as soon as possible to obtain optimum seed germination and growth. Soil Preparation/Roughening EC-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Costs Costs are based on the additional labor of tracking or preparation of the slope plus the cost of any required soil amendment materials. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Check the seeded slopes for signs of erosion such as rills and gullies. Fill these areas slightly above the original grade, then reseed and mulch as soon as possible. Inspect BMPs weekly during normal operations, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. References Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls: Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Non-Vegetative Stabilization EC-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Non-vegetative stabilization methods are used for temporary or permanent stabilization of areas prone to erosion and should be used only where vegetative options are not feasible; examples include: Areas of vehicular or pedestrian traffic such as roads or paths; Arid environments where vegetation would not provide timely ground coverage, or would require excessive irrigation; Rocky substrate, infertile or droughty soils where vegetation would be difficult to establish; and Areas where vegetation will not grow adequately within the construction time frame. There are several non-vegetative stabilization methods and selection should be based on site-specific conditions. Decomposed Granite (DG) is a permanent erosion protection method that consists of a layer of stabilized decomposed granite placed over an erodible surface. Degradable Mulches of various types (see EC-3, EC-6, EC-8) can be used for temporary non-vegetative stabilization; examples include straw mulch, compost, wood chips or hydraulic mulch. Geotextiles and Mats can be used for temporary non- vegetative stabilization (see EC-7). These BMPs are typically manufactured from degradable or synthetic materials and are Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TR Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Non-Vegetative Stabilization EC-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org designed and specified based on their functional longevity, i.e., how long they will persist and provide erosion protection. All geotextiles and mats should be replaced when they exceed their functional longevity or when permanent stabilization methods are instituted. Gravel Mulch is a non-degradable erosion control product that is composed of washed and screened coarse to very coarse gravel, 16 64 (0.6 - 2.5 ), similar to an AASHTO No. 3 coarse aggregate. Rock Slope Protection consists of utilizing large rock or rip-rap (4 - 24) to stabilize slopes with a high erosion potential and those subject to scour along waterways. Soil Binders can be used for temporary non-vegetative stabilization (see EC-5). The key to their use is functional longevity. In most cases, the soil binder will need to be routinely monitored and re-applied to maintain an erosion-resistant coverage. Suitable Applications Non-vegetated stabilization methods are suitable for use on disturbed soil areas and on material stockpiles that need to be temporarily or permanently protected from erosion by water and wind. Non-vegetated stabilization should only be utilized when vegetation cannot be established in the required timeframe, due to soil or climactic conditions, or where vegetation may be a potential fire hazard. Decomposed Granite (DG) and Gravel Mulch are suitable for use in areas where vegetation establishment is difficult, on flat surfaces, trails and pathways, and when used in conjunction with a stabilizer or tackifier, on shallow slopes (i.e., 10:1 [H:V]). DG and gravel can also be used on shallow rocky slopes where vegetation cannot be established for permanent erosion control. Degradable Mulches can be used to cover and protect soil surfaces from erosion both in temporary and permanent applications. In many cases, the use of mulches by themselves requires routine inspection and re-application. See EC-3 Hydraulic Mulch, EC-6 Straw Mulch, EC-8 Wood Mulch, or EC-14 Compost Blankets for more information. Geotextiles and Mats can be used as a temporary stand-alone soil stabilization method. Depending on material selection, geotextiles and mats can be a short-term (3 mos 1 year) or long-term (1-2 years) temporary stabilization method. For more information on geotextiles and mats see EC-7 Geotextiles and Mats. Rock Slope Protection can be used when the slopes are subject to scour or have a high erosion potential, such as slopes adjacent to flowing waterways or slopes subject to overflow from detention facilities (spillways). Soil Binders can be used for temporary stabilization of stockpiles and disturbed areas not subject to heavy traffic. See EC-5 Soil Binders for more information. Limitations General Refer to EC-3, EC-6, EC-8, and EC-14 for limitations on use of mulches. Refer to EC-7 for limitations on use of geotextiles and mats. Refer to EC-5 for limitations on use of Soil Binders. Non-Vegetative Stabilization EC-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Decomposed Granite Not available in some geographic regions. If not tackified, material may be susceptible to erosion even on slight slopes (e.g., 30:1 [H:V]). Installed costs may be more expensive than vegetative stabilization methods. Gravel Mulch Availability is limited in some geographic regions. If not properly screened and washed, can contain fine material that can erode and/or create dust problems. If inadequately sized, material may be susceptible to erosion on sloped areas. Pore spaces fill with dirt and debris over time; may provide a growing medium for weeds. Rock Slope Protection Installation is labor intensive. Installed costs can be significantly higher than vegetative stabilization methods. Rounded stones may not be used on slopes greater than 2:1 [H:V]. Implementation General Non-vegetated stabilization should be used in accordance with the following general guidance: Should be used in conjunction with other BMPs, including drainage, erosion controls and sediment controls. Refer to EC-3, EC-6, EC-8, and EC-14 for implementation details for mulches. Refer to EC-7 for implementation details for geotextiles and mats. Refer to EC-5 for implementation details for soil binders. Non-vegetated stabilization measures should be implemented as soon as the disturbance in the areas they are intended to protect has ceased. Additional guidance on the comparison and selection of temporary slope stabilization methods is provided in Appendix F of the Handbook. Decomposed Granite Stabilization If used for a road or path should be installed on a prepared base. Should be mixed with a stabilizer if used for roads or pathways, or on slope applications. Though porous it is recommended to prevent standing water on or next to a decomposed granite road or pathway. Non-Vegetative Stabilization EC-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Gravel Mulch Should be sized based on slope, rainfall, and upgradient run-on conditions. Stone size should be increased as potential for erosion increases (steeper slopes, high intensity rainfall). If permanent, a weed control fabric should be placed prior to installation. Shd be aed a a 2 deh. Should completely cover all exposed surfaces. Rock Slope Protection Rock slope protection installation should follow Caltrans Standard Specification 72-2: Rock Slope Protection. Refer to the specification for rock conformity requirements and installation methods. When using rock slope protection, rock size and installation method should be specified by an Engineer. A geotextile fabric should be placed prior to installation. Costs Costs are highly variable depending not only on technique chosen, but also on materials chosen within specific techniques. In addition, availability of certain materials will vary by region/location, which will also affect the cost. Costs of mulches, geotextiles and mats, and soil binders are presented in their respective fact sheets. Costs for decomposed granite, gravel mulch stabilization and rock slope protection may be higher depending on location and availability of materials. Caltrans has provided an estimate for gravel mulch of $13 - $20/yd2 in flat areas and $14 - $30/yd2 on side slopes (adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars). Inspection and Maintenance General BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. For permanent installation, require inspection periodically and after major storm events to look for signs of erosion or damage to the stabilization. All damage should be repaired immediately. Refer to EC-3, EC-6, EC-8, and EC-14 for inspection and maintenance requirements for mulches. Refer to EC-7 for inspection and maintenance requirements for geotextiles and mats. Refer to EC-5 for inspection and maintenance requirements for soil binders. Decomposed Granite and Gravel Mulch Stabilization Rake out and add decomposed granite or gravel as needed to areas subject to rill erosion. Inspect upgradient drainage controls and repair/modify as necessary. Non-Vegetative Stabilization EC-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Should remain stable under loose surface material. Any significant problem areas should be repaired to restore uniformity to the installation. References Arid Zone Forestry: A Guide for Field Technicians. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1989. Design of Roadside Channels with Flexible Linings, Hydraulic Engineering Circular Number 15, Third Edition, Federal Highway Administration, 2007. Design Standards for Urban Infrastructure - Soft Landscape Design, Department of Territory and Municipal Services - Australian Capital Territory http://www.tams.act.gov.au/work/ standards_and_procedures/design_standards_for_urban_infrastructure Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook: A Guide for Protection of State Waters through the use of Best Management Practices during Land Disturbing Activities, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, 2002. Gravel Mulch, Landscape Architecture Non-Standard Specification 10-2, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/LandArch/roadside/detail-gm.htm Maine Erosion and Sediment Control BMPs, DEPLW0588, Maine Department of Environmental Protection: Bureau of Land and Water Quality, 2003. National Menu of Best Management Practices, US Environmental Protection Agency, 2006. Standard Specification 72-2: Rock Slope Protection. California Department of Transportation, 2006. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A silt fence is made of a woven geotextile that has been entrenched, attached to supporting poles, and sometimes backed by a plastic or wire mesh for support. The silt fence detains water, promoting sedimentation of coarse sediment behind the fence. Silt fence does not retain soil fine particles like clays or silts. Suitable Applications Silt fences are suitable for perimeter control, placed below areas where sheet flows discharge from the site. They could also be used as interior controls below disturbed areas where runoff may occur in the form of sheet and rill erosion and around inlets within disturbed areas (Storm Drain Inlet Protection, SE-10). Silt fences should not be used in locations where the flow is concentrated. Silt fences should always be used in combination with erosion controls. Suitable applications include: At perimeter of a project (although they should not be installed up and down slopes). Below the toe or down slope of exposed and erodible slopes. Along streams and channels. Around temporary spoil areas and stockpiles. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control W M Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment (coarse sediment) Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-12 Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls SE-13 Compost Socks and Berms SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Around inlets. Below other small cleared areas. Limitations Do not use in streams, channels, drain inlets, or anywhere flow is concentrated. Do not use in locations where ponded water may cause a flooding hazard. Do not use silt fence to divert water flows or place across any contour line. Improperly installed fences are subject to failure from undercutting, overtopping, or collapsing. Must be trenched and keyed in. According o he Sae Waer Boards CGP Review, Issue #2 (2014), silt fences reinforced with metal or plastic mesh should be avoided due to plastic pollution and wildlife concerns. Not intended for use as a substitute for Fiber Rolls (SE-5), when fiber rolls are being used as a slope interruption device. Do not use on slopes subject to creeping, slumping, or landslides. Implementation General A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of woven geotextile stretched across and attached to supporting posts, trenched-in, and, depending upon the strength of fabric used, supported with plastic or wire mesh fence. Silt fences trap coarse sediment by intercepting and detaining sediment-laden runoff from disturbed areas in order to promote sedimentation behind the fence. The following layout and installation guidance can improve performance and should be followed: Silt fence should be used in combination with erosion controls up-slope in order to provide the most effective sediment control. Silt fence alone is not effective at reducing turbidity. (Barrett and Malina, 2004) Designers should consider diverting sediment laden water to a temporary sediment basin or trap. (EPA, 2012) Use principally in areas where sheet flow occurs. Install along a level contour, so water does not pond more than 1.5 ft. at any point along the silt fence. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Provide sufficient room for runoff to pond behind the fence and to allow sediment removal equipment to pass between the silt fence and toes of slopes or other obstructions. About 1200 ft.2 of ponding area should be provided for every acre draining to the fence. Efficiency of silt fences is primarily dependent on the detention time of the runoff behind the control. (Barrett and Malina, 2004) The drainage area above any fence should not exceed a quarter of an acre. (Rule of Thumb- 100-feet of silt fence per 10,000 ft.2 of disturbed area.) (EPA, 2012) The maximum length of slope draining to any point along the silt fence should be 100 ft. per ft of silt fence. Turn the ends of the filter fence uphill to prevent stormwater from flowing around the fence. Leave an undisturbed or stabilized area immediately down slope from the fence where feasible. Silt fences should remain in place until the disturbed area draining to the silt fence is permanently stabilized, after which, the silt fence fabric and posts should be removed and properly disposed. J-hooks, which have ends turning up the slope to break up long runs of fence and provide multiple storage areas that work like mini-retention areas, may be used to increase the effectiveness of silt fence. Be aware of local regulations regarding the type and installation requirements of silt fence, which may differ from those presented in this fact sheet. Design and Layout In areas where high winds are anticipated the fence should be supported by a plastic or wire mesh. The geotextile fabric of the silt fence should contain ultraviolet inhibitors and stabilizers to provide longevity equivalent to the project life or replacement schedule. Layout in accordance with the attached figures. For slopes that contain a high number of rocks or large dirt clods that tend to dislodge, it may be necessary to protect silt fence from rocks (e.g., rockfall netting) ensure the integrity of the silt fence installation. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Standard vs. Heavy Duty Silt Fence Standard Silt Fence Generally applicable in cases where the area draining to fence produces moderate sediment loads. Heavy Duty Silt Fence Heavy duty silt fence usually has 1 or more of the following characteristics, not possessed by standard silt fence. o Fabric is reinforced with wire backing or additional support. o Posts are spaced closer than pre-manufactured, standard silt fence products. Use is generally limited to areas affected by high winds. Area draining to fence produces moderate sediment loads. Materials Standard Silt Fence Silt fence material should be woven geotextile with a minimum width of 36 in. The fabric should conform to the requirements in ASTM designation D6461. Wooden stakes should be commercial quality lumber of the size and shape shown on the plans. Each stake should be free from decay, splits or cracks longer than the thickness of the stake or other defects that would weaken the stakes and cause the stakes to be structurally unsuitable. Staples used to fasten the fence fabric to the stakes should be not less than 1.75 in. long and should be fabricated from 15-gauge or heavier wire. The wire used to fasten the tops of the stakes together when joining two sections of fence should be 9 gauge or heavier wire. Galvanizing of the fastening wire will not be required. Heavy-Duty Silt Fence Some silt fence has a wire backing to provide additional support, and there are products that may use prefabricated plastic holders for the silt fence and use metal posts instead of wood stakes. Installation Guidelines – Traditional Method Silt fences are to be constructed on a level contour. Sufficient area should exist behind the fence for ponding to occur without flooding or overtopping the fence. A trench should be excavated approximately 6 in. wide and 6 in. deep along the line of the proposed silt fence (trenches should not be excavated wider or deeper than necessary for proper silt fence installation). Bottom of the silt fence should be keyed-in a minimum of 12 in. Posts should be spaced a maximum of 6 ft. apart and driven securely into the ground a minimum of 18 in. or 12 in. below the bottom of the trench. When standard strength geotextile is used, a plastic or wire mesh support fence should be fastened securely to the upslope side of posts using heavy duty wire staples at least 1 in. long. The mesh should extend into the trench. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org When extra-strength geotextile and closer post spacing are used, the mesh support fence may be eliminated. Woven geotextile should be purchased in a long roll, then cut to the length of the barrier. When joints are necessary, geotextile should be spliced together only at a support post, with a minimum 6 in. overlap and both ends securely fastened to the post. The trench should be backfilled with native material and compacted. Construct the length of each reach so that the change in base elevation along the reach does not exceed 1/3 the height of the barrier; in no case should the reach exceed 500 ft. Cross barriers should be a minimum of 1/3 and a maximum of ½ the height of the linear barrier. See typical installation details at the end of this fact sheet. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Installation Guidelines - Static Slicing Method Static Slicing is defined as insertion of a narrow blade pulled behind a tractor, similar to a plow blade, at least 10 in. into the soil while at the same time pulling silt geotextile fabric into the ground through the opening created by the blade to the depth of the blade. Once the geotextile is installed, the soil is compacted using tractor tires. This method will not work with pre-fabricated, wire backed silt fence. Benefits: o Ease of installation (most often done with a 2-person crew). o Minimal soil disturbance. o Better level of compaction along fence, less susceptible to undercutting o Uniform installation. Limitations: o Does not work in shallow or rocky soils. o Complete removal of geotextile material after use is difficult. o Be cautious when digging near potential underground utilities. Costs It should be noted that costs vary greatly across regions due to available supplies and labor costs. Average annual cost for installation using the traditional silt fence installation method (assumes 6 month useful life) is $7 per linear foot based on vendor research. Range of cost is $3.50 - $9.10 per linear foot. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Repair undercut silt fences. Repair or replace split, torn, slumping, or weathered fabric. The lifespan of silt fence fabric is generally 5 to 8 months. Silt fences that are damaged and become unsuitable for the intended purpose should be removed from the site of work, disposed, and replaced with new silt fence barriers. Sediment that accumulates in the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches 1/3 of the barrier height. Silt fences should be left in place until the upgradient area is permanently stabilized. Until then, the silt fence should be inspected and maintained regularly. Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Remove silt fence when upgradient areas are stabilized. Fill and compact post holes and anchor trench, remove sediment accumulation, grade fence alignment to blend with adjacent ground, and stabilize disturbed area. References CGP Review #2, State Water Resources Control Board, 2014. Available online at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/docs/training/cgp_revie w_issue2.pdf. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Monitoring Data on Effectiveness of Sediment Control Techniques, Proceedings of World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Barrett M. and Malina J. 2004. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group-Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices, and Inventory of Current Practices (Draft), USEPA, 1990. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical Report No. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. 1991. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management Manual for The Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, Public Review Draft, 1991. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Stormwater Best Management Practices: Silt Fences. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 2012. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Stormwater Management for Industrial Activities: Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Soil Stabilization BMP Research for Erosion and Sediment Controls: Cost Survey Technical Memorandum, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2007. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Si l t F e n c e SE -1 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P H a n d b o o k 8 of 10 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . c a s q a . o r g Si l t F e n c e SE -1 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P H a n d b o o k 9 of 10 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . c a s q a . o r g Silt Fence SE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A sediment basin is a temporary basin formed by excavation or by constructing an embankment so that sediment-laden runoff is temporarily detained under quiescent conditions, allowing sediment to settle out before the runoff is released. Sediment basin design guidance presented in this fact sheet is intended to provide options, methods, and techniques to optimize temporary sediment basin performance and basin sediment removal. Basin design guidance provided in this fact sheet is not intended to guarantee basin effluent compliance with numeric discharge limits (numeric action levels or numeric effluent limits for turbidity). Compliance with discharge limits requires a thoughtful approach to comprehensive BMP planning, implementation, and maintenance. Therefore, optimally designed and maintained sediment basins should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive system of BMPs that includes: Diverting runoff from undisturbed areas away from the basin Erosion control practices to minimize disturbed areas on- site and to provide temporary stabilization and interim sediment controls (e.g., stockpile perimeter control, check dams, perimeter controls around individual lots) to reduce the basins influent sediment concentration. At some sites, sediment basin design enhancements may be required to adequately remove sediment. Traditional Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-3 Sediment Trap (for smaller areas) If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org (a.k.a. phsical) enhancements such as alternative outlet configurations or flo deflection baffles increase detention time and other techniques such as outlet skimmers preferentially drain flos ith loer sediment concentrations. These phsical enhancement techniques are described in this fact sheet. To further enhance sediment removal particularly at sites with fine soils or turbidity sensitive receiving waters, some projects may need to consider implementing Active Treatment Systems (ATS) whereby coagulants and flocculants are used to enhance settling and removal of suspended sediments. Guidance on implementing ATS is provided in SE-11. Suitable Applications Sediment basins may be suitable for use on larger projects with sufficient space for constructing the basin. Sediment basins should be considered for use: Where sediment-laden water may enter the drainage system or watercourses On construction projects with disturbed areas during the rainy season At the outlet of disturbed watersheds between 5 acres and 75 acres and evaluated on a site by site basis Where post construction detention basins are required In association with dikes, temporary channels, and pipes used to convey runoff from disturbed areas Limitations Sediment basins must be installed only within the property limits and where failure of the structure will not result in loss of life, damage to homes or buildings, or interruption of use or service of public roads or utilities. In addition, sediment basins are attractive to children and can be very dangerous. Local ordinances regarding health and safety must be adhered to. If fencing of the basin is required, the type of fence and its location should be shown in the SWPPP and in the construction specifications. As a general guideline, sediment basins are suitable for drainage areas of 5 acres or more, but not appropriate for drainage areas greater than 75 acres. However, the tributary area should be evaluated on a site by site basis. Sediment basins ma become an attractive nuisance and care must be taken to adhere to all safety practices. If safety is a concern, basin may require protective fencing. Sediment basins designed according to this fact sheet are only effective in removing sediment down to about the silt size fraction. Sediment-laden runoff with smaller size fractions (fine silt and clay) may not be adequately treated unless chemical (or other appropriate method) treatment is used in addition to the sediment basin. Basins with a height of 25 ft or more or an impounding capacity of 50 ac-ft or more must obtain approval from California Department of Water Resources Division of Safety of Dams (http://www.water.ca.gov/damsafety/). Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Water that stands in sediment basins longer than 96 hours may become a source of mosquitoes (and midges), particularly along perimeter edges, in shallow zones, in scour or below-grade pools, around inlet pipes, along low-flow channels, and among protected habitats created by emergent or floating vegetation (e.g. cattails, water hyacinth), algal mats, riprap, etc. Basins require large surface areas to permit settling of sediment. Size may be limited by the available area. Implementation General A sediment basin is a controlled stormwater release structure formed by excavation or by construction of an embankment of compacted soil across a drainage way, or other suitable location. It is intended to trap sediment before it leaves the construction site. The basin is a temporary measure expected to be used during active construction in most cases and is to be maintained until the site area is permanently protected against erosion or a permanent detention basin is constructed. Sediment basins are suitable for nearly all types of construction projects. Whenever possible, construct the sediment basins before clearing and grading work begins. Basins should be located at the stormwater outlet from the site but not in any natural or undisturbed stream. A typical application would include temporary dikes, pipes, and/or channels to convey runoff to the basin inlet. Many development projects in California are required by local ordinances to provide a stormwater detention basin for post-construction flood control, desilting, or stormwater pollution control. A temporary sediment basin may be constructed by rough grading the post- construction control basins early in the project. Sediment basins if properly designed and maintained can trap a significant amount of the sediment that flows into them. However, traditional basins do not remove all inflowing sediment. Therefore, they should be used in conjunction with erosion control practices such as temporary seeding, mulching, diversion dikes, etc., to reduce the amount of sediment flowing into the basin. Planning To improve the effectiveness of the basin, it should be located to intercept runoff from the largest possible amount of disturbed area. Locations best suited for a sediment basin are generally in lower elevation areas of the site (or basin tributary area) where site drainage would not require significant diversion or other means to direct water to the basin but outside jurisdictional waterways. However, as necessary, drainage into the basin can be improved by the use of earth dikes and drainage swales (see BMP EC-9). . The basin should not be located where its failure would result in the loss of life or interruption of the use or service of public utilities or roads. Construct before clearing and grading work begins when feasible. Do not locate the basin in a jurisdictional stream. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Basin sites should be located where failure of the structure will not cause loss of life, damage to homes or buildings, or interruption of use or service of public roads or utilities. Basins with a height of 25 ft or more or an impounding capacity of 50 ac-ft must obtain approval from the Division of Dam Safety. Local dam safety requirements may be more stringent. Limit the contributing area to the sediment basin to only the runoff from the disturbed soil areas. Use temporary concentrated flow conveyance controls to divert runoff from undisturbed areas away from the sediment basin. The basin should be located: (1) by excavating a suitable area or where a low embankment can be constructed across a swale, (2) where post-construction (permanent) detention basins will be constructed, and (3) where the basins can be maintained on a year-round basis to provide access for maintenance, including sediment removal and sediment stockpiling in a protected area, and to maintain the basin to provide the required capacity. Design When designing a sediment basin, designers should evaluate the site constraints that could affect the efficiency of the BMP. Some of these constraints include: the relationship between basin capacity, anticipated sediment load, and freeboard, available footprint for the basin, maintenance frequency and access, and hydraulic capacity and efficiency of the temporary outlet infrastructure. Sediment basins should be designed to maximize sediment removal and to consider sediment load retained by the basin as it affects basin performance. Three Basin Design Options (Part A) are presented below along with a Typical Sediment/Detention Basin Design Methodology (Part B). Regardless of the design option that is selected, designers also need to evaluate the sediment basin capacity with respect to sediment accumulation (See Step 3. Evaluate the Capacity of the Sediment Basin”) and should incorporate approaches identified in Step 4. Other Design Considerations to enhance basin performance. A) Basin Design Options: Option 1: Design sediment basin(s) using the standard equation: s s V QA2.1 (Eq. 1) Where: As = Minimum surface area for trapping soil particles of a certain size Vs = Settling velocity of the design particle size chosen (Vs = 0.00028 ft/s for a design particle size of 0.01 mm at 68°F) 1.2 = Factor of safety recommended by USEPA to account for the reduction in basin efficiency caused due to turbulence and other non ideal conditions. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org CIAQ (Eq.2) Where Q = Peak basin influent flow rate measured in cubic feet per second (ft3/s) C = Runoff coefficient (unitless) I = Peak rainfall intensity for the 10-year, 6-hour rain event (in/hr) A = Area draining into the sediment basin in acres The design particle size should be the smallest soil grain size determined by wet sieve analysis, or the fine silt sized (0.01 mm [or 0.0004 in.]) particle, and the Vs used should be 100 percent of the calculated settling velocity. This sizing basin method is dependent on the outlet structure design or the total basin length with an appropriate outlet. If the designer chooses to utilize the outlet structure to control the flow duration in the basin, the basin length (distance between the inlet and the outlet) should be a minimum of twice the basin width; the depth should not be less than 3 ft nor greater than 5 ft for safety reasons and for maximum efficiency (2 ft of sediment storage, 2 ft of capacity). If the designer chooses to utilize the basin length (with appropriate basin outlet) to control the flow duration in the basin, the basin length (distance between the inlet and the outlet) should be a specifically designed to capture 100% of the design particle size; the depth should not be less than 3 ft nor greater than 5 ft for safety reasons and for maximum efficiency (2 ft of sediment storage, 2 ft of capacity). Basin design guidance provided herein assumes standard water properties (e.g., estimated average water temperature, kinematic viscosity, etc.) as a basis of the design. Designers can use an alternative design (Option 3) with site specific water properties as long as the design is as protective as Option 1. The design guidance uses the peak influent flow rate to size sediment basins. Designers can use an alternative design (Option 3) with site specific average flow rates as long as the design is as protective as Option 1. The basin should be located on the site where it can be maintained on a year-round basis and should be maintained on a schedule to retain the 2 ft of capacity. Option 2: Design pursuant to local ordinance for sediment basin design and maintenance, provided that the design efficiency is as protective or more protective of water quality than Option 1. Option 3: The use of an equivalent surface area design or equation provided that the design efficiency is as protective or more protective of water quality than Option 1. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org B) Typical Sediment/Detention Basin Design Methodology: Design of a sediment basin requires the designer to have an understanding of the site constraints, knowledge of the local soil (e.g., particle size distribution of potentially contributing soils), drainage area of the basin, and local hydrology. Designers should not assume that a sediment basin for location A is applicable to location B. Therefore, designers can use this factsheet as guidance but will need to apply professional judgment and knowledge of the site to design an effective and efficient sediment basin. The following provides a general overview of typical design methodologies: Step 1. Hydrologic Design Evaluate the site constraints and assess the drainage area for the sediment basin. Designers should consider on- and off-site flows as well as changes in the drainage area associated with site construction/disturbance. To minimize additional construction during the course of the project, the designer should consider identifying the maximum drainage area when calculating the basin dimensions. If a local hydrology manual is not available, it is recommended to follow standard rational method procedures to estimate the flow rate. The references section of this factsheet provides a reference to standard hydrology textbooks that can provide standard methodologies. If local rainfall depths are not available, values can be obtained from standard precipitation frequency maps from NOAA (downloaded from http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpnfreq.html). Step 2. Hydraulic Design Calculate the surface area required for the sediment basin using Equation 1. In which the flow rate is estimated for a 10-yr 6-hr event using rational method procedure listed in local hydrology manual and Vs is estimated using Stokes Law presented in Equation 3. 281.2 dVs (Eq.3) Where Vs = Settling velocit in feet per second at 68F d = diameter of sediment particle in millimeters (smallest soil grain size determined by wet sieve analysis or fine silt (0.01 mm [or 0.0004 in.]) In general, the basin outlet design requires an iterative trial and error approach that considered the maximum water surface elevation, the elevation versus volume (stage- storage) relationship, the elevation verses basin outflow (a.k.a.-discharge) relationship, and the estimated inflow hydrograph. To adequately design the basins to settle sediment, the outlet configuration and associated outflow rates can be estimated by numerous methodologies. The following provides some guidance for design the basin outlet: An outlet should have more than one orifice. An outlet design typically utilizes multiple horizontal rows of orifices (approximately 3 or more) with at least 2 orifices per row (see Figures 1 and 2 at the end of this fact sheet). Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Orifices can vary in shape. Select the appropriate orifice diameter and number of perforations per row with the objective of minimizing the number of rows while maximizing the detention time. The diameter of each orifice is typically a maximum of 3-4 inches and a minimum of 0.25-0.5 inches. If a rectangular orifice is used, it is recommended to have minimum height of 0.5 inches and a maximum height of 6 inches. Rows are typically spaced at three times the diameter center to center vertically with a minimum distance of approximately 4 inches on center and a maximum distance of 1 foot on center. To estimate the outflow rate, each row is calculated separately based on the flow through a single orifice then multiplied by the number of orifices in the row. This step is repeated for each of the rows. Once all of the orifices are estimated, the total outflow rate versus elevation (stage-discharge curve) is developed to evaluate the detention time within the basin. Flow through a single orifice can be estimated using an Equation 4: 5.0)2('gHABCQ (Eq.4) Where Q = Outflow rate in ft3/s C = Orifice coefficient (unitless) A = Area of the orifice (ft2) g = acceleration due to gravity (ft3/s) H = Head above the orifice (ft) B = Anticipated Blockage or clogging factor (unitless), It is dependent on anticipated sediment and debris load, trash rack configuration etc, so the value is dependent on design engineer’s professional judgment and/or local requirements (B is never greater than 1 and a value of 0.5 is generally used) Care must be taken in the selection of orifice coefficient ("C "); 0.60 is most often recommended and used. However, based on actual tests, Young and Graziano (1989), "Outlet Hydraulics of Extended Detention Facilities for Northern Virginia Planning District Commission", recommends the following: C = 0.66 for thin materials; where the thickness is equal to or less than the orifice diameter, or C = 0.80 when the material is thicker than the orifice diameter If different sizes of orifices are used along the riser then they have to be sized such that not more than 50 percent of the design storm event drains in one-third of the drawdown time (to provide adequate settling time for events smaller than the design storm event) Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org and the entire volume drains within 96 hours or as regulated by the local vector control agency. If a basin fails to drain within 96 hours, the basin must be pumped dry. Because basins are not maintained for infiltration, water loss by infiltration should be disregarded when designing the hydraulic capacity of the outlet structure. Floating Outlet Skimmer: The floating skimmer (see Figure 3 at the end of this fact sheet is an alternative outlet configuration (patented) that drains water from upper portion of the water column. This configuration has been used for temporary and permanent basins and can improve basin performance by eliminating bottom orifices which have the potential of discharging solids. Some design considerations for this alternative outlet device includes the addition of a sand filter or perforated under drain at the low point in the basin and near the floating skimmer. These secondary drains allow the basin to fully drain. More detailed guidelines for sizing the skimmer can be downloaded from http://www.fairclothskimmer.com/. Hold and Release Valve: An ideal sediment/detention basin would hold all flows to the design storm level for sufficient time to settle solids, and then slowly release the storm water. Implementing a reliable valve system for releasing detention basins is critical to eliminate the potential for flooding in such a system. Some variations of hold and release valves include manual valves, bladder devices or electrically operated valves. When a precipitation event is forecast, the valve would be close for the duration of the storm and appropriate settling time. When the settling duration is met (approximately 24 or 48 hours), the valve would be opened and allow the stormwater to be released at a rate that does not resuspend settled solids and in a non-erosive manner. If this type of system is used the valve should be designed to empty the entire basin within 96 hours or as stipulated by local vector control regulations. Step 3. Evaluate the Capacity of the Sediment Basin Typically, sediment basins do not perform as designed when they are not properly maintained or the sediment yield to the basin is larger than expected. As part of a good sediment basin design, designers should consider maintenance cycles, estimated soil loss and/or sediment yield, and basin sediment storage volume. The two equations below can be used to quantify the amount of soil entering the basin. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE, Eq.5) can be used to estimate annual soil loss and the Modified Universal Soil Equation (MUSLE, Eq.6) can be used to estimate sediment yield from a single storm event. PCLSKRA (Eq.5) ()PCLSKqQYp 56.095 (Eq.6) Where: A = annual soil loss, tons/acre-year R = rainfall erosion index, in 100 ft. Tons/acre.in/hr. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org K = soil erodibility factor, tons/acre per unit of R LS = slope length and steepness factor (unitless) C = vegetative cover factor (unitless) P = erosion control practice factor (unitless) Y = single storm sediment yield in tons Q = runoff volume in acre-feet qp = peak flow in cfs Detailed descriptions and methodologies for estimating the soil loss can be obtained from standard hydrology text books (See References section). Determination of the appropriate equation should consider construction duration and local environmental factors (soils, hydrology, etc.). For example, if a basin is planned for a project duration of 1 year and the designer specifies one maintenance cycle, RUSLE could be used to estimate the soil loss and thereby the designer could indicate that the sediment storage volume would be half of the soil loss value estimated. As an example, for use of MUSLE, a project may have a short construction duration thereby requiring fewer maintenance cycles and a reduced sediment storage volume. MUSLE would be used to estimate the anticipated soil loss based on a specific storm event to evaluate the sediment storage volume and appropriate maintenance frequency. The soil loss estimates are an essential step in the design, and it is essential that the designer provide construction contractors with enough information to understand maintenance frequency and/or depths within the basin that would trigger maintenance. Providing maintenance methods, frequency and specification should be included in design bid documents such as the SWPPP Site Map. Once the designer has quantified the amount of soil entering the basin, the depth required for sediment storage can be determined by dividing the estimated sediment loss by the surface area of the basin. Step 4. Other Design Considerations Consider designing the volume of the settling zone for the total storm volume associated with the 2-year event or other appropriate design storms specified by the local agency. This volume can be used as a guide for sizing the basin without iterative routing calculations. The depth of the settling zone can be estimated by dividing the estimated 2-yr storm volume by the surface area of the basin. The basin volume consists of two zones: - A sediment storage zone at least 1 ft deep. - A settling zone at least 2 ft deep. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org - The basin depth must be no less than 3 ft (not including freeboard). Proper hydraulic design of the outlet is critical to achieving the desired performance of the basin. The outlet should be designed to drain the basin within 24 to 96 hours (also referred to as dradon time). The 24-hour limit is specified to provide adequate settling time; the 96-hour limit is specified to mitigate vector control concerns. Confirmation of the basin performance can be evaluated by routing the design storm (10-yr 6-hr, or as directed by local regulations) through the basin based on the basin volume (stage- storage curve) and the outlet design (stage-discharge curve based on the orifice configuration or equivalent outlet design). Sediment basins, regardless of size and storage volume, should include features to accommodate overflow or bypass flows that exceed the design storm event. - Include an emergency spillway to accommodate flows not carried by the principal spillway. The spillway should consist of an open channel (earthen or vegetated) over undisturbed material (not fill) or constructed of a non-erodible riprap (or equivalent protection) on fill slopes. - The spillway control section, which is a level portion of the spillway channel at the highest elevation in the channel, should be a minimum of 20 ft in length. Rock, vegetation or appropriate erosion control should be used to protect the basin inlet, outlet, and slopes against erosion. The total depth of the sediment basin should include the depth required for sediment storage, depth required for settling zone and freeboard of at least 1 foot or as regulated by local flood control agency for a flood event specified by the local agency. The basin alignment should be designed such that the length of the basin is more than twice the width of the basin; the length should be determined by measuring the distance between the inlet and the outlet. If the site topography does not allow for this configuration baffles should be installed so that the ratio is satisfied. If a basin has more than one inflow point, any inflow point that conveys more than 30 percent of the total peak inflow rate has to meet the required length to width ratio. An alternative basin sizing method proposed by Fifield (2004) can be consulted to estimate an alternative length to width ratio and basin configuration. These methods can be considered as part of Option 3 which allows for alternative designs that are protective or more protective of water quality. Baffles (see Figure 4 at the end of this fact sheet) can be considered at project sites where the existing topography or site constraints limit the length to width ratio. Baffles should be constructed of earthen berms or other structural material within the basin to divert flow in the basin, thus increasing the effective flow length from the basin inlet to the outlet riser. Baffles also reduce the change of short circuiting and allows for settling throughout the basin. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 11 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Baffles are typically constructed from the invert of the basin to the crest of the emergency spillway (i.e., design event flows are meant to flow around the baffles and flows greater than the design event would flow over the baffles to the emergency spillway). Use of other materials for construction of basin baffles (such as silt fence) may not be appropriate based on the material specifications and will require frequent maintenance (maintain after every storm event). Maintenance may not be feasible when required due to flooded conditions resulting from frequent (i.e., back to back) storm events. Use of alternative baffle materials should not deviate from the intended purpose of the material, as described by the manufacturer. Sediment basins are best used in conjunction with erosion controls. Basins with an impounding levee greater than 4.5 ft tall, measured from the lowest point to the impounding area to the highest point of the levee, and basins capable of impounding more than 35,000 ft3, should be designed by a Registered Civil Engineer. The design should include maintenance requirements, including sediment and vegetation removal, to ensure continuous function of the basin outlet and bypass structures. A forebay, constructed upstream of the basin, may be provided to remove debris and larger particles. The outflow from the sediment basin should be provided with velocity dissipation devices (see BMP EC-10) to prevent erosion and scouring of the embankment and channel. The principal outlet should consist of a corrugated metal, high density polyethylene (HDPE), or reinforced concrete riser pipe with dewatering holes and an anti-vortex device and trash rack attached to the top of the riser, to prevent floating debris from flowing out of the basin or obstructing the system. This principal structure should be designed to accommodate the inflow design storm. A rock pile or rock-filled gabions can serve as alternatives to the debris screen, although the designer should be aware of the potential for extra maintenance involved should the pore spaces in the rock pile clog. The outlet structure should be placed on a firm, smooth foundation with the base securely anchored with concrete or other means to prevent floatation. Attach riser pipe (watertight connection) to a horizontal pipe (barrel). Provide anti-seep collars on the barrel. Cleanout level should be clearly marked on the riser pipe. Installation Securely anchor and install an anti-seep collar on the outlet pipe/riser and provide an emergency spillway for passing major floods (see local flood control agency). Areas under embankments must be cleared and stripped of vegetation. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 12 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Chain link fencing should be provided around each sediment basin to prevent unauthorized entry to the basin or if safety is a concern. Costs The cost of a sediment basin is highly variable and is dependent of the site configuration. To decrease basin construction costs, designers should consider using existing site features such as berms or depressed area to site the sediment basin. Designers should also consider potential savings associated with designing the basin to minimize the number of maintenance cycles and siting the basin in a location where a permanent BMP (e.g., extended detention basin) is required for the project site. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level and as required by local requirements. It is recommended that at a minimum, basins be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Examine basin banks for seepage and structural soundness. Check inlet and outlet structures and spillway for any damage or obstructions. Repair damage and remove obstructions as needed. Check inlet and outlet area for erosion and stabilize if required. Check fencing for damage and repair as needed. Sediment that accumulates in the basin must be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when sediment accumulation reaches one- half the designated sediment storage volume. Sediment removed during maintenance should be managed properly. The sediment should be appropriately evaluated and used or disposed of accordingly. Options include: incorporating sediment into earthwork on the site (only if there is no risk that sediment is contaminated); or off-site export/disposal at an appropriate location (e.g., sediment characterization and disposal to an appropriate landfill). Remove standing water from basin within 96 hours after accumulation. If the basin does not drain adequately (e.g., due to storms that are more frequent or larger than the design storm or other unforeseen site conditions), dewatering should be conducted in accordance with appropriate dewatering BMPs (see NS-2) and in accordance with local permits as applicable. To minimize vector production: - Remove accumulation of live and dead floating vegetation in basins during every inspection. - Remove excessive emergent and perimeter vegetation as needed or as advised by local or state vector control agencies. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 13 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org References A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management Practices: Techniques for Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Coastal Zones, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, March 1992. Draft-Sedimentation and Erosion Control, an Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA. April 1990. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Erosion and Sediment Control, Surface Mining in the Eastern U.S., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC,Washington, D.C., 1976. Fifield, J.S. Designing for Effective Sediment and Erosion Control on Construction Sites. Forester Press, Santa Barbara, CA. 2004. Goldman S.J., Jackson K. and Bursztynsky T.A. Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. EPA 840-B-9-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1993. Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Small Embankment Dams, Division of Safety of Dams, California Department of Water Resources, March 1986. Haan C.T., Barfield B.J. and Hayes J.C. Design Hydrology and Sedimentology for Small Catchments. Academic Press. 1994. Inlet/Outlet Alternatives for Extended Detention Basins. State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), 2001. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. McLean, J., 2000. Mosquitoes in Constructed Wetlands: A Management Bugaboo? In T.R. Schueler and H.K. Holland [eds.], The Practice of Watershed Protection. pp. 29-33. Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD, 2000. Metzger, M.E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Beitia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. The Dark Side of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated with Structural BMPs, 2002. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Water, Work Group-Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 14 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Young, G.K. and Graziano, F., Outlet Hydraulics of Extended Detention Facilities for Northern Virginia Planning District Commission, 1989. Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 15 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org FIGURE 1: TYPICAL TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN MULTIPLE ORIFICE DESIGN NOT TO SCALE Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 16 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org FIGURE 2: MULTIPLE ORIFICE OUTLET RISER NOT TO SCALE Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 17 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org FIGURE 3: TYPICAL SKIMMER NOT TO SCALE Sediment Basin SE-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 18 of 18 Construction www.casqa.org FIGURE 4: TYPICAL TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN WITH BAFFLES NOT TO SCALE Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A sediment trap is a containment area where sediment-laden runoff is temporarily detained under quiescent conditions, allowing sediment to settle out or before the runoff is discharged by gravity flow. Sediment traps are formed by excavating or constructing an earthen embankment across a waterway or low drainage area. Trap design guidance provided in this fact sheet is not intended to guarantee compliance with numeric discharge limits (numeric action levels or numeric effluent limits for turbidity). Compliance with discharge limits requires a thoughtful approach to comprehensive BMP planning, implementation, and maintenance. Therefore, optimally designed and maintained sediment traps should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive system of BMPs. Suitable Applications Sediment traps should be considered for use: At the perimeter of the site at locations where sediment- laden runoff is discharged offsite. At multiple locations within the project site where sediment control is needed. Around or upslope from storm drain inlet protection measures. Sediment traps may be used on construction projects where the drainage area is less than 5 acres. Traps would be Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-2 Sediment Basin (for larger areas) If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org placed where sediment-laden stormwater may enter a storm drain or watercourse. SE-2, Sediment Basins, must be used for drainage areas greater than 5 acres. As a supplemental control, sediment traps provide additional protection for a water body or for reducing sediment before it enters a drainage system. Limitations Requires large surface areas to permit infiltration and settling of sediment. Not appropriate for drainage areas greater than 5 acres. Only removes large and medium sized particles and requires upstream erosion control. Attractive and dangerous to children, requiring protective fencing. Conducive to vector production. Should not be located in live streams. Implementation Design A sediment trap is a small temporary ponding area, usually with a gravel outlet, formed by excavation or by construction of an earthen embankment. Its purpose is to collect and store sediment from sites cleared or graded during construction. It is intended for use on small drainage areas with no unusual drainage features and projected for a quick build-out time. It should help in removing coarse sediment from runoff. The trap is a temporary measure with a design life of approximately six months to one year and is to be maintained until the site area is permanently protected against erosion by vegetation and/or structures. Sediment traps should be used only for small drainage areas. If the contributing drainage area is greater than 5 acres, refer to SE-2, Sediment Basins, or subdivide the catchment area into smaller drainage basins. Sediment usually must be removed from the trap after each rainfall event. The SWPPP should detail how this sediment is to be disposed, such as in fill areas onsite, or removal to an approved offsite dump. Sediment traps used as perimeter controls should be installed before any land disturbance takes place in the drainage area. Sediment traps are usually small enough that a failure of the structure would not result in a loss of life, damage to home or buildings, or interruption in the use of public roads or utilities. However, sediment traps are attractive to children and can be dangerous. The following recommendations should be implemented to reduce risks: Install continuous fencing around the sediment trap or pond. Consult local ordinances regarding requirements for maintaining health and safety. Restrict basin side slopes to 3:1 or flatter. Sediment trap size depends on the type of soil, size of the drainage area, and desired sediment removal efficiency (see SE-2, Sediment Basin). As a rule of thumb, the larger the basin volume Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org the greater the sediment removal efficiency. Sizing criteria are typically established under the local grading ordinance or equivalent. The runoff volume from a 2-year storm is a common design criterion for a sediment trap. The sizing criteria below assume that this runoff volume is 0.042 acre-ft/acre (0.5 in. of runoff). While the climatic, topographic, and soil type extremes make it difficult to establish a statewide standard, the following criteria should trap moderate to high amounts of sediment in most areas of California: Locate sediment traps as near as practical to areas producing the sediment. Trap should be situated according to the following criteria: (1) by excavating a suitable area or where a low embankment can be constructed across a swale, (2) where failure would not cause loss of life or property damage, and (3) to provide access for maintenance, including sediment removal and sediment stockpiling in a protected area. Trap should be sized to accommodate a settling zone and sediment storage zone with recommended minimum volumes of 67 yd3/acre and 33 yd3/acre of contributing drainage area, respectively, based on 0.5 in. of runoff volume over a 24-hour period. In many cases, the size of an individual trap is limited by available space. Multiple traps or additional volume may be required to accommodate specific rainfall, soil, and site conditions. Traps with an impounding levee greater than 4.5 ft tall, measured from the lowest point to the impounding area to the highest point of the levee, and traps capable of impounding more than 35,000 ft3, should be designed by a Registered Civil Engineer. The design should include maintenance requirements, including sediment and vegetation removal, to ensure continuous function of the trap outlet and bypass structures. The outlet pipe or open spillway must be designed to convey anticipated peak flows. Use rock or vegetation to protect the trap outlets against erosion. Fencing should be provided to prevent unauthorized entry. Installation Sediment traps can be constructed by excavating a depression in the ground or creating an impoundment with a small embankment. Sediment traps should be installed outside the area being graded and should be built prior to the start of the grading activities or removal of vegetation. To minimize the area disturbed by them, sediment traps should be installed in natural depressions or in small swales or drainage ways. The following steps must be followed during installation: The area under the embankment must be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mat. The pool area should be cleared. The fill material for the embankment must be free of roots or other woody vegetation as well as oversized stones, rocks, organic material, or other objectionable material. The embankment may be compacted by traversing with equipment while it is being constructed. All cut-and-fill slopes should be 3:1 or flatter. When a riser is used, all pipe joints must be watertight. Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org When a riser is used, at least the top two-thirds of the riser should be perforated with 0.5 in. diameter holes spaced 8 in. vertically and 10 to 12 in. horizontally. See SE-2, Sediment Basin. When an earth or stone outlet is used, the outlet crest elevation should be at least 1 ft below the top of the embankment. When crushed stone outlet is used, the crushed stone used in the outlet should meet AASHTO M43, size No. 2 or 24, or its equivalent such as MSHA No. 2. Gravel meeting the above gradation may be used if crushed stone is not available. Costs Average annual cost per installation is $15 ft 2 and plus additional costs for the design and maintenance. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect outlet area for erosion and stabilize if required. Inspect trap banks for seepage and structural soundness, repair as needed. Inspect outlet structure and spillway for any damage or obstructions. Repair damage and remove obstructions as needed. Inspect fencing for damage and repair as needed. Inspect the sediment trap for area of standing water during every visit. Corrective measures should be taken if the BMP does not dewater completely in 96 hours or less to prevent vector production. Sediment that accumulates in the BMP must be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the trap capacity. Sediment removed during maintenance may be incorporated into earthwork on the site or disposed of at an appropriate location. Remove vegetation from the sediment trap when first detected to prevent pools of standing water and subsequent vector production. BMPs that require dewatering shall be continuously attended while dewatering takes place. Dewatering BMPs per NS-2 shall be implemented at all times during dewatering activities. References Brown, W., and T. Schueler. The Economics of Stormwater BMPs in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Prepared for Chesapeake Research Consortium, Edgewater, MD, by the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD, 1997. Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Draft – Sedimentation and Erosion Control, an Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA, April 1990. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Metzger, M.E., D.F. Messer, C.L. Beitia, C.M. Myers, and V.L. Kramer, The Dark Side of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated with Structural BMPs, 2002. National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2002. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group-Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management Manual for The Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, Public Review Draft, 1991. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. EPA 840-B-9-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1993. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Sediment Trap SE-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A check dam is a small barrier constructed of rock, gravel bags, sandbags, fiber rolls, or other proprietary products, placed across a constructed swale or drainage ditch. Check dams reduce the effective slope of the channel, thereby reducing scour and channel erosion by reducing flow velocity and increasing residence time within the channel, allowing sediment to settle. Suitable Applications Check dams may be appropriate in the following situations: To promote sedimentation behind the dam. To prevent erosion by reducing the velocity of channel flow in small intermittent channels and temporary swales. In small open channels that drain 10 acres or less. In steep channels where stormwater runoff velocities exceed 5 ft/s. During the establishment of grass linings in drainage ditches or channels. In temporary ditches where the short length of service does not warrant establishment of erosion-resistant linings. To act as a grade control structure. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-12 Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Not to be used in live streams or in channels with extended base flows. Not appropriate in channels that drain areas greater than 10 acres. Not appropriate in channels that are already grass-lined unless erosion potential or sediment-laden flow is expected, as installation may damage vegetation. Require extensive maintenance following high velocity flows. Promotes sediment trapping which can be re-suspended during subsequent storms or removal of the check dam. Do not construct check dams with straw bales or silt fence. Water suitable for mosquito production may stand behind check dams, particularly if subjected to daily non-stormwater discharges. Implementation General Check dams reduce the effective slope and create small pools in swales and ditches that drain 10 acres or less. Using check dams to reduce channel slope reduces the velocity of stormwater flows, thus reducing erosion of the swale or ditch and promoting sedimentation. Thus, check dams are dual-purpose and serve an important role as erosion controls as well as sediment controls. Note that use of 1-2 isolated check dams for sedimentation will likely result in little net removal of sediment because of the small detention time and probable scour during longer storms. Using a series of check dams will generally increase their effectiveness. A sediment trap (SE-3) may be placed immediately upstream of the check dam to increase sediment removal efficiency. Design and Layout Check dams work by decreasing the effective slope in ditches and swales. An important consequence of the reduced slope is a reduction in capacity of the ditch or swale. This reduction in capacity should be considered when using this BMP, as reduced capacity can result in overtopping of the ditch or swale and resultant consequences. In some cases, such as a permanent ditch or swale being constructed early and used as a temporary conveyance for construction flows, the ditch or swale may have sufficient capacity such that the temporary reduction in capacity due to check dams is acceptable. When check dams reduce capacities beyond acceptable limits, either: Dont use check dams. Consider alternative BMPs, or. Increase the size of the ditch or swale to restore capacity. Maximum slope and velocity reduction is achieved when the toe of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downstream dam (see Spacing Between Check Dams detail at the end of this fact sheet). The center section of the dam should be lower than the edge sections (at least 6 inches), acting as a spillway, so that the check dam will direct flows to the center of Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org the ditch or swale (see Typical Rock Check Dam detail at the end of this fact sheet). Bypass or side-cutting can occur if a sufficient spillway is not provided in the center of the dam. Check dams are usually constructed of rock, gravel bags, sandbags, and fiber rolls. A number of products can also be used as check dams (e.g. HDPE check dams, temporary silt dikes (SE-12)), and some of these products can be removed and reused. Check dams can also be constructed of logs or lumber and have the advantage of a longer lifespan when compared to gravel bags, sandbags, and fiber rolls. Check dams should not be constructed from straw bales or silt fences, since concentrated flows quickly wash out these materials. Rock check dams are usually constructed of 8 to 12 in. rock. The rock is placed either by hand or mechanically, but never just dumped into the channel. The dam should completely span the ditch or swale to prevent washout. The rock used should be large enough to stay in place given the expected design flow through the channel. It is recommended that abutments be extended 18 in. into the channel bank. Rock can be graded such that smaller diameter rock (e.g. 2-4 in) is located on the upstream side of larger rock (holding the smaller rock in place); increasing residence time. Log check dams are usually constructed of 4 to 6 in. diameter logs, installed vertically. The logs should be embedded into the soil at least 18 in. Logs can be bolted or wired to vertical support logs that have been driven or buried into the soil. See fiber rolls, SE-5, for installation of fiber roll check dams. Gravel bag and sand bag check dams are constructed by stacking bags across the ditch or swale, shaped as shown in the drawings at the end of this fact sheet (see Gravel Bag Check Dam detail at the end of this fact sheet). Manufactured products, such as temporary silt dikes (SE-12), should be installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Installation typically requires anchoring or trenching of products, as well as regular maintenance to remove accumulated sediment and debris. If grass is planted to stabilize the ditch or swale, the check dam should be removed when the grass has matured (unless the slope of the swales is greater than 4%). The following guidance should be followed for the design and layout of check dams: Install the first check dam approximately 16 ft from the outfall device and at regular intervals based on slope gradient and soil type. Check dams should be placed at a distance and height to allow small pools to form between each check dam. For multiple check dam installation, backwater from a downstream check dam should reach the toes of the upstream check dam. A sediment trap provided immediately upstream of the check dam will help capture sediment. Due to the potential for this sediment to be resuspended in subsequent storms, the sediment trap should be cleaned following each storm event. Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org High flows (typically a 2-year storm or larger) should safely flow over the check dam without an increase in upstream flooding or damage to the check dam. Where grass is used to line ditches, check dams should be removed when grass has matured sufficiently to protect the ditch or swale. Materials Rock used for check dams should typically be 8-12 in rock and be sufficiently sized to stay in place given expected design flows in the channel. Smaller diameter rock (e.g. 2 to 4 in) can be placed on the upstream side of larger rock to increase residence time. Gravel bags used for check dams should conform to the requirements of SE-6, Gravel Bag Berms. Sandbags used for check dams should conform to SE-8, Sandbag Barrier. Fiber rolls used for check dams should conform to SE-5, Fiber Rolls. Temporary silt dikes used for check dams should conform to SE-12, Temporary Silt Dikes. Installation Rock should be placed individually by hand or by mechanical methods (no dumping of rock) to achieve complete ditch or swale coverage. Tightly abut bags and stack according to detail shown in the figure at the end of this section (pyramid approach). Gravel bags and sandbags should not be stacked any higher than 3 ft. Upper rows or gravel and sand bags shall overlap joints in lower rows. Fiber rolls should be trenched in, backfilled, and firmly staked in place. Install along a level contour. HDPE check dams, temporary silt dikes, and other manufactured products should be used and installed per manufacturer specifications. Costs Cost consists of labor costs if materials are readily available (such as gravel on-site). If material must be imported, costs will increase. For other material and installation costs, see SE-5, SE-6, SE-8, SE-12, and SE-14. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Replace missing rock, bags, rolls, etc. Replace bags or rolls that have degraded or have become damaged. Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org If the check dam is used as a sediment capture device, sediment that accumulates behind the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. If the check dam is used as a grade control structure, sediment removal is not required as long as the system continues to control the grade. Inspect areas behind check dams for pools of standing water, especially if subjected to daily non-stormwater discharges. Remove accumulated sediment prior to permanent seeding or soil stabilization. Remove check dam and accumulated sediment when check dams are no longer needed. References Draft Sedimentation and Erosion Control, and Inventory of Current Practices, USEPA, April 1990. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Metzger, M.E. 2004. Managing mosquitoes in stormwater treatment devices. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8125. On-line: http:// anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8125.pdf Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Check Dams SE-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Fiber Rolls SE-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A fiber roll (also known as wattles or logs) consists of straw, coir, curled wood fiber, or other biodegradable materials bound into a tight tubular roll wrapped by plastic netting, which can be photodegradable, or natural fiber, such as jute, cotton, or sisal. Additionally, gravel core fiber rolls are available, which contain an imbedded ballast material such as gravel or sand for additional weight when staking the rolls are not feasible (such as use as inlet protection). When fiber rolls are placed at the toe and on the face of slopes along the contours, they intercept runoff, reduce its flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow, and provide removal of sediment from the runoff (through sedimentation). By interrupting the length of a slope, fiber rolls can also reduce sheet and rill erosion until vegetation is established. Suitable Applications Fiber rolls may be suitable: Along the toe, top, face, and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow. At the end of a downward slope where it transitions to a steeper slope. Along the perimeter of a project. As check dams in unlined ditches with minimal grade. Down-slope of exposed soil areas. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-12 Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Fiber Rolls SE-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org At operational storm drains as a form of inlet protection. Around temporary stockpiles. Limitations Fiber rolls should be used in conjunction with erosion control, such as hydroseed, RECPs, etc. Only biodegradable fiber rolls containing no plastic can remain on a site applying for a Notice of Termination due to plastic pollution and wildlife concerns (State Water Board, 2016). Fiber rolls containing plastic that are used on a site must be disposed of for final stabilization. Fiber rolls are not effective unless trenched in and staked. If not properly staked and trenched in, fiber rolls will not work as intended and could be transported by high flows. Not intended for use in high flow situations (i.e., for concentrated flows). Difficult to move once saturated. Fiber rolls have a limited sediment capture zone. Fiber rolls should not be used on slopes subject to creep, slumping, or landslide. Rolls typically function for 12-24 months, depending upon local conditions and roll material. Implementation Fiber Roll Materials Fiber rolls should be prefabricated. Fiber rolls may come manufactured containing polyacrylamide (PAM), a flocculating agent within the roll. Fiber rolls impregnated with PAM provide additional sediment removal capabilities and should be used in areas with fine, clayey or silty soils to provide additional sediment removal capabilities. Monitoring may be required for these installations. Fiber rolls are made from weed-free rice straw, flax, curled wood fiber, or coir bound into a tight tubular roll by netting or natural fiber (see Limitations above regarding plastic netting). Typical fiber rolls vary in diameter from 6 in. to 20 in. Larger diameter rolls are available as well. The larger the roll, the higher the sediment retention capacity. Typical fiber rolls lengths are 4, 10, 20 and 25 ft., although other lengths are likely available. Installation Locate fiber rolls on level contours spaced as follows: - Slope inclination of 4:1 (H:V) or flatter: Fiber rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft. Fiber Rolls SE-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org - Slope inclination between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Fiber Rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). - Slope inclination 2:1 (H:V) or greater: Fiber Rolls should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). Prepare the slope before beginning installation. Dig small trenches across the slope on the contour. The trench depth should be ¼ to 1/3 of the thickness of the roll, and the width should equal the roll diameter, in order to provide area to backfill the trench. It is critical that rolls are installed perpendicular to water movement, and parallel to the slope contour. Start building trenches and installing rolls from the bottom of the slope and work up. It is recommended that pilot holes be driven through the fiber roll. Use a straight bar to drive holes through the roll and into the soil for the wooden stakes. Turn the ends of the fiber roll up slope to prevent runoff from going around the ro ll. Stake fiber rolls into the trench. - Drive stakes at the end of each fiber roll and spaced 4 ft maximum on center. - Use wood stakes with a nominal classification of 0.75 by 0.75 in. and minimum length of 24 in. If more than one fiber roll is placed in a row, the rolls should be overlapped, not abutted. See typical fiber roll installation details at the end of this fact sheet. Removal Fiber rolls can be left in place or removed depending on the type of fiber roll and application (temporary vs. permanent installation). Fiber rolls encased with plastic netting or containing any plastic material will need to be removed from the site for final stabilization. Fiber rolls used in a permanent application are to be encased with a non-plastic material and are left in place. Removal of a fiber roll used in a permanent application can result in greater disturbance; therefore, during the BMP planning phase, the areas where fiber rolls will be used on final slopes, only fiber rolls wrapped in non-plastic material should be selected. Temporary installations should only be removed when up gradient areas are stabilized per General Permit requirements, and/or pollutant sources no longer present a hazard. But they should also be removed before vegetation becomes too mature so that the removal process does not disturb more soil and vegetation than is necessary. Fiber Rolls SE-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Costs Material costs for straw fiber rolls range from $26 - $38 per 25-ft. roll1 and curled wood fiber rolls range from $30 - $40 per roll2. Material costs for PAM impregnated fiber rolls range between $9.00-$12.00 per linear foot, based upon vendor research1 . Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Repair or replace split, torn, unraveling, or slumping fiber rolls. If the fiber roll is used as a sediment capture device, or as an erosion control device to maintain sheet flows, sediment that accumulates in the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when sediment accumulation reaches one-third the designated sediment storage depth. If fiber rolls are used for erosion control, such as in a check dam, sediment removal should not be required as long as the system continues to control the grade. Sediment control BMPs will likely be required in conjunction with this type of application. Repair any rills or gullies promptly. References General Construction – Frequently Asked Questions, Storm Water Program website, State Water Resources Control Board, 2009 updated in 2016. Available online at: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/gen_const_faq.shtml. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. 1 Adjusted for inflation (2016 dollars) by Tetra Tech, Inc. 2 Costs estimated based on vendor query by Tetra Tech, Inc. 2016. Fiber Rolls SE-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Gravel Bag Berm SE-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A gravel bag berm is a series of gravel-filled bags placed on a level contour to intercept sheet flows. Gravel bags pond sheet flow runoff, allowing sediment to settle out, and release runoff slowly as sheet flow, preventing erosion. Suitable Applications Gravel bag berms may be suitable: As a linear sediment control measure: - Below the toe of slopes and erodible slopes - As sediment traps at culvert/pipe outlets - Below other small cleared areas - Along the perimeter of a site - Down slope of exposed soil areas - Around temporary stockpiles and spoil areas - Parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas - Along streams and channels As a linear erosion control measure: - Along the face and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Roll SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-12 Temporary Silt Dike SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Gravel Bag Berm SE-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org - At the top of slopes to divert runoff away from disturbed slopes. - As chevrons (small check dams) across mildly sloped construction roads. For use check dam use in channels, see SE-4, Check Dams. Limitations Gravel berms may be difficult to remove. Removal problems limit their usefulness in landscaped areas. Gravel bag berm may not be appropriate for drainage areas greater than 5 acres. Runoff will pond upstream of the berm, possibly causing flooding if sufficient space does not exist. Degraded gravel bags may rupture when removed, spilling contents. Installation can be labor intensive. Durability of gravel bags is somewhat limited, and bags may need to be replaced when installation is required for longer than 6 months. Easily damaged by construction equipment. When used to detain concentrated flows, maintenance requirements increase. Implementation General A gravel bag berm consists of a row of open graded gravel-filled bags placed on a level contour. When appropriately placed, a gravel bag berm intercepts and slows sheet flow runoff, causing temporary ponding. The temporary ponding allows sediment to settle. The open graded gravel in the bags is porous, which allows the ponded runoff to flow slowly through the bags, releasing the runoff as sheet flows. Gravel bag berms also interrupt the slope length and thereby reduce erosion by reducing the tendency of sheet flows to concentrate into rivulets, which erode rills, and ultimately gullies, into disturbed, sloped soils. Gravel bag berms are similar to sand bag barriers but are more porous. Generally, gravel bag berms should be used in conjunction with temporary soil stabilization controls up slope to provide effective erosion and sediment control. Design and Layout Locate gravel bag berms on level contours. When used for slope interruption, the following slope/sheet flow length combinations apply: - Slope inclination of 4:1 (H:V) or flatter: Gravel bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft, with the first row near the slope toe. - Slope inclination between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Gravel bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective), with the first row near the slope toe. Gravel Bag Berm SE-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Slope inclination 2:1 (H:V) or greater: Gravel bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective), with the first row near the slope toe. Turn the ends of the gravel bag barriers up slope to prevent runoff from going around the berm. Allow sufficient space up slope from the gravel bag berm to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. For installation near the toe of the slope, gravel bag barriers should be set back from the slope toe to facilitate cleaning. Where specific site conditions do not allow for a set-back, the gravel bag barrier may be constructed on the toe of the slope. To prevent flows behind the barrier, bags can be placed perpendicular to a berm to serve as cross barriers. Drainage area should not exceed 5 acres. In Non-Traffic Areas: - Height = 18 in. maximum - Top width = 24 in. minimum for three or more-layer construction - Top width = 12 in. minimum for one- or two-layer construction - Side slopes = 2:1 (H:V) or flatter In Construction Traffic Areas: - Height = 12 in. maximum - Top width = 24 in. minimum for three or more-layer construction. - Top width = 12 in. minimum for one- or two-layer construction. - Side slopes = 2:1 (H:V) or flatter. Butt ends of bags tightly. On multiple row, or multiple layer construction, overlap butt joints of adjacent row and row beneath. Use a pyramid approach when stacking bags. Materials Bag Material: Bags should be woven polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide fabric or burlap, minimum unit weight of 4 ounces/yd2, Mullen burst strength exceeding 300 lb/in2 in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D3786, and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70% in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D4355. Gravel Bag Berm SE-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Bag Size: Each gravel-filled bag should have a length of 18 in., width of 12 in., thickness of 3 in., and mass of approximately 33 lbs. Bag dimensions are nominal and may vary based on locally available materials. Fill Material: Fill material should be 0.5 to 1 in. Crushed rock, clean and free from clay, organic matter, and other deleterious material, or other suitable open graded, non-cohesive, porous gravel. Costs Material costs for gravel bags are average and are dependent upon material availability. $3.20- $3.80 per filled gravel bag is standard based upon vendor research (Adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Gravel bags exposed to sunlight will need to be replaced every two to three months due to degrading of the bags. Reshape or replace gravel bags as needed. Repair washouts or other damage as needed. Sediment that accumulates in the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Remove gravel bag berms when no longer needed and recycle gravel fill whenever possible and properly dispose of bag material. Remove sediment accumulation and clean, re-grade, and stabilize the area. References Handbook of Steel Drainage and Highway Construction, American Iron and Steel Institute, 1983. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Pollution Plan Handbook, First Edition, State of California, Department of Transportation Division of New Technology, Materials and Research, October 1992. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Street Sweeping and Vacuuming SE-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Street sweeping and vacuuming includes use of self-propelled and walk-behind equipment to remove sediment from streets and roadways and to clean paved surfaces in preparation for final paving. Sweeping and vacuuming prevents sediment from the project site from entering storm drains or receiving waters. Suitable Applications Sweeping and vacuuming are suitable anywhere sediment is tracked from the project site onto public or private paved streets and roads, typically at points of egress. Sweeping and vacuuming are also applicable during preparation of paved surfaces for final paving. Limitations Sweeping and vacuuming may not be effective when sediment is wet or when tracked soil is caked (caked soil may need to be scraped loose). Sweeping may be less effective for fine particle soils (i.e., clay). Implementation Controlling the number of points where vehicles can leave the site will allow sweeping and vacuuming efforts to be focused and perhaps save money. Inspect potential sediment tracking locations daily. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Street Sweeping and Vacuuming SE-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Visible sediment tracking should be swept or vacuumed on a daily basis. Do not use kick brooms or sweeper attachments. These tend to spread the dirt rather than remove it. If not mixed with debris or trash, consider incorporating the removed sediment back into the project Costs Rental rates for self-propelled sweepers vary depending on hopper size and duration of rental. Expect rental rates from $ 650/day to $2,500/day1, plus operator costs. Hourly production rates vary with the amount of area to be swept and amount of sediment. Match the hopper size to the area and expect sediment load to minimize time spent dumping. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. When actively in use, points of ingress and egress must be inspected daily. When tracked or spilled sediment is observed outside the construction limits, it must be removed at least daily. More frequent removal, even continuous removal, may be required in some jurisdictions. Be careful not to sweep up any unknown substance or any object that may be potentially hazardous. Adjust brooms frequently; maximize efficiency of sweeping operations. After sweeping is finished, properly dispose of sweeper wastes at an approved dumpsite. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. 1 Based on contractor query conducted by Tetra Tech, Inc. November 2016. Sandbag Barrier SE-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A sandbag barrier is a series of sand-filled bags placed on a level contour to intercept or to divert sheet flows. Sandbag barriers placed on a level contour pond sheet flow runoff, allowing sediment to settle out. Suitable Applications Sandbag barriers may be a suitable control measure for the applications described below. It is important to consider that sand bags are less porous than gravel bags and ponding or flooding can occur behind the barrier. Also, sand is easily transported by runoff if bags are damaged or ruptured. The SWPPP Preparer should select the location of a sandbag barrier with respect to the potential for flooding, damage, and the ability to maintain the BMP. As a linear sediment control measure: - Below the toe of slopes and erodible slopes. - As sediment traps at culvert/pipe outlets. - Below other small cleared areas. - Along the perimeter of a site. - Down slope of exposed soil areas. - Around temporary stockpiles and spoil areas. - Parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas. - Along streams and channels. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-12 Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Sandbag Barrier SE-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org As linear erosion control measure: - Along the face and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow. - At the top of slopes to divert runoff away from disturbed slopes. - As check dams across mildly sloped construction roads. Limitations It is necessary to limit the drainage area upstream of the barrier to 5 acres. Sandbags are not intended to be used as filtration devices. Easily damaged by construction equipment. Degraded sandbags may rupture when removed, spilling sand. Installation can be labor intensive. Durability of sandbags is somewhat limited, and bags will need to be replaced when there are signs of damage or wear. Burlap should not be used for sandbags. Implementation General A sandbag barrier consists of a row of sand-filled bags placed on a level contour. When appropriately placed, a sandbag barrier intercepts and slows sheet flow runoff, causing temporary ponding. The temporary ponding allows sediment to settle. Sand-filled bags have limited porosity, which is further limited as the fine sand tends to quickly plug with sediment, limiting or completely blocking the rate of flow through the barrier. If a porous barrier is desired, consider SE-1, Silt Fence, SE-5, Fiber Rolls, SE-6, Gravel Bag Berms or SE-14, Biofilter Bags. Sandbag barriers also interrupt the slope length and thereby reduce erosion by reducing the tendency of sheet flows to concentrate into rivulets which erode rills, and ultimately gullies, into disturbed, sloped soils. Sandbag barriers are similar to gravel bag berms, but less porous. Generally, sandbag barriers should be used in conjunction with temporary soil stabilization controls up slope to provide effective erosion and sediment control. Design and Layout Locate sandbag barriers on a level contour. When used for slope interruption, the following slope/sheet flow length combinations apply: - Slope inclination of 4:1 (H:V) or flatter: Sandbags should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft, with the first row near the slope toe. - Slope inclination between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Sandbags should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective), with the first row near the slope toe. Sandbag Barrier SE-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org - Slope inclination 2:1 (H:V) or greater: Sandbags should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective), with the first row near the slope toe. Turn the ends of the sandbag barrier up slope to prevent runoff from going around the barrier. Allow sufficient space up slope from the barrier to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. For installation near the toe of the slope, sand bag barriers should be set back from the slope toe to facilitate cleaning. Where specific site conditions do not allow for a set-back, the sand bag barrier may be constructed on the toe of the slope. To prevent flows behind the barrier, bags can be placed perpendicular to a berm to serve as cross barriers. Drainage area should not exceed 5 acres. Butt ends of bags tightly. Overlap butt joints of row beneath with each successive row. Use a pyramid approach when stacking bags. In non-traffic areas - Height = 18 in. maximum - Top width = 24 in. minimum for three or more-layer construction - Side slope = 2:1 (H:V) or flatter In construction traffic areas - Height = 12 in. maximum - Top width = 24 in. minimum for three or more-layer construction. - Side slopes = 2:1 (H:V) or flatter. See typical sandbag barrier installation details at the end of this fact sheet. Materials Sandbag Material: Sandbag should be woven polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide fabric, minimum unit weight of 4 ounces/yd2, Mullen burst strength exceeding 300 lb/in2 in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D3786, and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70% in conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D4355. Use of burlap is not an acceptable substitute, as sand can more easily mobilize out of burlap. Sandbag Size: Each sand-filled bag should have a length of 18 in., width of 12 in., thickness of 3 in., and mass of approximately 33 lbs. Bag dimensions are nominal and may vary based on locally available materials. Sandbag Barrier SE-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Fill Material: All sandbag fill material should be non-cohesive, Class 3 (Caltrans Standard Specification, Section 25) or similar permeable material free from clay and deleterious material, such as recycled concrete or asphalt. Costs Empty sandbags cost $0.25 - $0.75. Average cost of fill material is $8 per yd3. Additional labor is required to fill the bags. Pre-filled sandbags are more expensive at $1.50 - $2.00 per bag. These costs are based upon vendor research. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Sandbags exposed to sunlight will need to be replaced every two to three months due to degradation of the bags. Reshape or replace sandbags as needed. Repair washouts or other damage as needed. Sediment that accumulates behind the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Remove sandbags when no longer needed and recycle sand fill whenever possible and properly dispose of bag material. Remove sediment accumulation, and clean, re-grade, and stabilize the area. References Standard Specifications for Construction of Local Streets and Roads, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2002. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Sa n d b a g B a r r i e r SE -8 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P Ha n d b o o k 5 of 6 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . ca s q a. o r g Sa n d b a g B a r r i e r SE -8 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P Ha n d b o o k 6 of 6 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . ca s q a . o r g Straw Bale Barrier SE-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A straw bale barrier is a series of straw bales placed on a level contour to intercept sheet flows. Straw bale barriers pond sheet-flow runoff, allowing sediment to settle out. Suitable Applications Straw bale barriers may be suitable: As a linear sediment control measure: - Below the toe of slopes and erodible slopes - As sediment traps at culvert/pipe outlets - Below other small cleared areas - Along the perimeter of a site - Down slope of exposed soil areas - Around temporary stockpiles and spoil areas - Parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas - Along streams and channels As linear erosion control measure: - Along the face and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-12 Temporary Silt Dike SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Straw Bale Barrier SE-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org - At the top of slopes to divert runoff away from disturbed slopes - As check dams across mildly sloped construction roads Limitations Straw bale barriers: Are not to be used for extended periods of time because they tend to rot and fall apart Are suitable only for sheet flow on slopes of 10 % or flatter Are not appropriate for large drainage areas, limit to one acre or less May require constant maintenance due to rotting Are not recommended for concentrated flow, inlet protection, channel flow, and live streams Cannot be made of bale bindings of jute or cotton Require labor-intensive installation and maintenance Cannot be used on paved surfaces Should not to be used for drain inlet protection Should not be used on lined ditches May introduce undesirable non-native plants to the area Implementation General A straw bale barrier consists of a row of straw bales placed on a level contour. When appropriately placed, a straw bale barrier intercepts and slows sheet flow runoff, causing temporary ponding. The temporary ponding provides quiescent conditions allowing sediment to settle. Straw bale barriers also interrupt the slope length and thereby reduce erosion by reducing the tendency of sheet flows to concentrate into rivulets, which erode rills, and ultimately gullies, into disturbed, sloped soils. Straw bale barriers have not been as effective as expected due to improper use. These barriers have been placed in streams and drainage ways where runoff volumes and velocities have caused the barriers to wash out. In addition, failure to stake and entrench the straw bale has allowed undercutting and end flow. Use of straw bale barriers in accordance with this BMP should produce acceptable results. Design and Layout Locate straw bale barriers on a level contour. - Slopes up to 10:1 (H:V): Straw bales should be placed at a maximum interval of 50 ft (a closer spacing is more effective), with the first row near the toe of slope. - Slopes greater than 10:1 (H:V): Not recommended. Straw Bale Barrier SE-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Turn the ends of the straw bale barrier up slope to prevent runoff from going around the barrier. Allow sufficient space up slope from the barrier to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. For installation near the toe of the slope, consider moving the barrier away from the slope toe to facilitate cleaning. To prevent flow behind the barrier, sand bags can be placed perpendicular to the barrier to serve as cross barriers. Drainage area should not exceed 1 acre, or 0.25 acre per 100 ft of barrier. Maximum flow path to the barrier should be limited to 100 ft. Straw bale barriers should consist of two parallel rows. - Butt ends of bales tightly - Stagger butt joints between front and back row - Each row of bales must be trenched in and firmly staked Straw bale barriers are limited in height to one bale laid on its side. Anchor bales with either two wood stakes or four bars driven through the ba le and into the soil. Drive the first stake towards the butt joint with the adjacent bale to force the bales together. See attached figure for installation details. Materials Straw Bale Size: Each straw bale should be a minimum of 14 in. wide, 18 in. in height, 36 in. in length and should have a minimum mass of 50 lbs. The straw bale should be composed entirely of vegetative matter, except for the binding material. Bale Bindings: Bales should be bound by steel wire, nylon or polypropylene string placed horizontally. Jute and cotton binding should not be used. Baling wire should be a minimum diameter of 14 gauge. Nylon or polypropylene string should be approximately 12 gauge in diameter with a breaking strength of 80 lbs force. Stakes: Wood stakes should be commercial quality lumber of the size and shape shown on the plans. Each stake should be free from decay, splits or cracks longer than the thickness of the stake, or other defects that would weaken the stakes and cause the stakes to be structurally unsuitable. Steel bar reinforcement should be equal to a #4 designation or greater. End protection should be provided for any exposed bar reinforcement. Costs Straw bales cost $5 - $7 each. Adequate labor should be budgeted for installation and maintenance. Straw Bale Barrier SE-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Straw bales degrade, especially when exposed to moisture. Rotting bales will need to be replaced on a regular basis. Replace or repair damaged bales as needed. Repair washouts or other damages as needed. Sediment that accumulates in the BMP must be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Sediment removed during maintenance may be incorporated into earthwork on the site or disposed at an appropriate location. Remove straw bales when no longer needed. Remove sediment accumulation, and clean, re- grade, and stabilize the area. Removed sediment should be incorporated in the project or disposed of. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. St r a w B a le B a r r i e r SE -9 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P H a n d b oo k 5 of 6 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . c a s q a . o r g St r a w B a le B a r r i e r SE -9 De c e m b e r 2 0 1 9 CA S Q A BM P H a n d b oo k 6 of 6 Co n s t r u c t i o n ww w . c a s q a . o r g Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Storm drain inlet protection consists of a sediment filter or an impounding area in, around or upstream of a storm drain, drop inlet, or curb inlet. Storm drain inlet protection measures temporarily pond runoff before it enters the storm drain, allowing sediment to settle. Some filter configurations also remove sediment by filtering, but usually the ponding action results in the greatest sediment reduction. Temporary geotextile storm drain inserts attach underneath storm drain grates to capture and filter storm water. Suitable Applications Every storm drain inlet receiving runoff from unstabilized or otherwise active work areas should be protected. Inlet protection should be used in conjunction with other erosion and sediment controls to prevent sediment-laden stormwater and non-stormwater discharges from entering the storm drain system. Limitations Drainage area should not exceed 1 acre. In general straw bales should not be used as inlet protection. Requires an adequate area for water to pond without encroaching into portions of the roadway subject to traffic. Sediment removal may be inadequate to prevent sediment discharges in high flow conditions or if runoff is heavily sediment laden. If high flow conditions are expected, use Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Rolls SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-14 Biofilter Bags SE-13 Compost Socks and Berms If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org other onsite sediment trapping techniques in conjunction with inlet protection. Frequent maintenance is required. Limit drainage area to 1 acre maximum. For drainage areas larger than 1 acre, runoff should be routed to a sediment-trapping device designed for larger flows. See BMPs SE-2, Sediment Basin, and SE-3, Sediment Traps. Excavated drop inlet sediment traps are appropriate where relatively heavy flows are expected, and overflow capability is needed. Implementation General Inlet control measures presented in this handbook should not be used for inlets draining more than one acre. Runoff from larger disturbed areas should be first routed through SE-2, Sediment Basin or SE-3, Sediment Trap and/or used in conjunction with other drainage control, erosion control, and sediment control BMPs to protect the site. Different types of inlet protection are appropriate for different applications depending on site conditions and the type of inlet. Alternative methods are available in addition to the methods described/shown herein such as prefabricated inlet insert devices, or gutter protection devices. Design and Layout Identify existing and planned storm drain inlets that have the potential to receive sediment- laden surface runoff. Determine if storm drain inlet protection is needed and which method to use. The key to successful and safe use of storm drain inlet protection devices is to know where runoff that is directed toward the inlet to be protected will pond or be diverted as a result of installing the protection device. - Determine the acceptable location and extent of ponding in the vicinity of the drain inlet. The acceptable location and extent of ponding will influence the type and design of the storm drain inlet protection device. - Determine the extent of potential runoff diversion caused by the storm drain inlet protection device. Runoff ponded by inlet protection devices may flow around the device and towards the next downstream inlet. In some cases, this is acceptable; in other cases, serious erosion or downstream property damage can be caused by these diversions. The possibility of runoff diversions will influence whether or not storm drain inlet protection is suitable; and, if suitable, the type and design of the device. The location and extent of ponding, and the extent of diversion, can usually be controlled through appropriate placement of the inlet protection device. In some cases, moving the inlet protection device a short distance upstream of the actual inlet can provide more efficient sediment control, limit ponding to desired areas, and prevent or control diversions. Seven types of inlet protection are presented below. However, it is recognized that other effective methods and proprietary devices exist and may be selected. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org - Silt Fence: Appropriate for drainage basins with less than a 5% slope, sheet flows, and flows under 0.5 cfs. - Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap: An excavated area around the inlet to trap sediment (SE-3). - Gravel bag barrier: Used to create a small sediment trap upstream of inlets on sloped, paved streets. Appropriate for sheet flow or when concentrated flow may exceed 0.5 cfs, and where overtopping is required to prevent flooding. - Block and Gravel Filter: Appropriate for flows greater than 0.5 cfs. - Temporary Geotextile Storm drain Inserts: Different products provide different features. Refer to manufacturer details for targeted pollutants and additional features. - Biofilter Bag Barrier: Used to create a small retention area upstream of inlets and can be located on pavement or soil. Biofilter bags slowly filter runoff allowing sediment to settle out. Appropriate for flows under 0.5 cfs. - Compost Socks: Allow filtered run-off to pass through the compost while retaining sediment and potentially other pollutants (SE-13). Appropriate for flows under 1.0 cfs. Select the appropriate type of inlet protection and design as referred to or as described in this fact sheet. Provide area around the inlet for water to pond without flooding structures and property. Grates and spaces around all inlets should be sealed to prevent seepage of sediment-laden water. Excavate sediment sumps (where needed) 1 to 2 ft with 2:1 side slopes around the inlet. Installation DI Protection Type 1 - Silt Fence - Similar to constructing a silt fence; see BMP SE-1, Silt Fence. Do not place fabric underneath the inlet grate since the collected sediment may fall into the drain inlet when the fabric is removed or replaced and water flow through the grate will be blocked resulting in flooding. See typical Type 1 installation details at the end of this fact sheet. 1. Excavate a trench approximately 6 in. wide and 6 in. deep along the line of the silt fence inlet protection device. 2. Place 2 in. by 2 in. wooden stakes around the perimeter of the inlet a maximum of 3 ft apart and drive them at least 18 in. into the ground or 12 in. below the bottom of the trench. The stakes should be at least 48 in. 3. Lay fabric along bottom of trench, up side of trench, and then up stakes. See SE-1, Silt Fence, for details. The maximum silt fence height around the inlet is 24 in. 4. Staple the filter fabric (for materials and specifications, see SE-1, Silt Fence) to wooden stakes. Use heavy-duty wire staples at least 1 in. in length. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org 5. Backfill the trench with gravel or compacted earth all the way around. DI Protection Type 2 - Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap - Install filter fabric fence in accordance with DI Protection Type 1. Size excavated trap to provide a minimum storage capacity calculated at the rate 67 yd3/acre of drainage area. See typical Type 2 installation details at the end of this fact sheet. DI Protection Type 3 - Gravel bag - Flow from a severe storm should not overtop the curb. In areas of high clay and silts, use filter fabric and gravel as additional filter media. Construct gravel bags in accordance with SE-6, Gravel Bag Berm. Gravel bags should be used due to their high permeability. See typical Type 3 installation details at the end of this fact sheet. 1. Construct on gently sloping street. 2. Leave room upstream of barrier for water to pond and sediment to settle. 3. Place several layers of gravel bags overlapping the bags and packing them tightly together. 4. Leave gap of one bag on the top row to serve as a spillway. Flow from a severe storm (e.g., 10-year storm) should not overtop the curb. DI Protection Type 4 – Block and Gravel Filter - Block and gravel filters are suitable for curb inlets commonly used in residential, commercial, and industrial construction. See typical Type 4 installation details at the end of this fact sheet. 1. Place hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with 0.5 in. openings over the drop inlet so that the wire extends a minimum of 1 ft beyond each side of the inlet structure. If more than one strip is necessary, overlap the strips. Place woven geotextile over the wire mesh. 2. Place concrete blocks lengthwise on their sides in a single row around the perimeter of the inlet, so that the open ends face outward, not upward. The ends of adjacent blocks should abut. The height of the barrier can be varied, depending on design needs, by stacking combinations of blocks that are 4 in., 8 in., and 12 in. wide. The row of blocks should be at least 12 in. but no greater than 24 in. high. 3. Place wire mesh over the outside vertical face (open end) of the concrete blocks to prevent stone from being washed through the blocks. Use hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with 0.5 in. opening. 4. Pile washed stone against the wire mesh to the top of the blocks. Use 0.75 to 3 in. DI Protection Type 5 – Temporary Geotextile Insert (proprietary) – Many types of temporary inserts are available. Most inserts fit underneath the grate of a drop inlet or inside of a curb inlet and are fastened to the outside of the grate or curb. These inserts are removable, and many can be cleaned and reused. Installation of these inserts differs between manufacturers. Please refer to manufacturer instruction for installation of proprietary devices. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org DI Protection Type 6 - Biofilter bags Biofilter bags may be used as a substitute for gravel bags in low-flow situations. Biofilter bags should conform to specifications detailed in SE-14, Biofilter bags. 1. Construct in a gently sloping area. 2. Biofilter bags should be placed around inlets to intercept runoff flows. 3. All bag joints should overlap by 6 in. 4. Leave room upstream for water to pond and for sediment to settle out. 5. Stake bags to the ground as described in the following detail. Stakes may be omitted if bags are placed on a paved surface. DI Protection Type 7 – Compost Socks A compost sock can be assembled on site by filling a mesh sock (e.g., with a pneumatic blower). Compost socks do not require special trenching compared to other sediment control methods (e.g., silt fence). Compost socks should conform to specification detailed in SE-13, Compost Socks and Berms. Costs Average annual cost for installation and maintenance of DI Type 1-4 and 6 (one-year useful life) is $200 per inlet. Temporary geotextile inserts are proprietary, and cost varies by region. These inserts can often be reused and may have greater than 1 year of use if maintained and kept undamaged. Average cost per insert ranges from $50-75 plus installation, but costs can exceed $100. This cost does not include maintenance. See SE-13 for Compost Sock cost information. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Silt Fences. If the fabric becomes clogged, torn, or degrades, it should be replaced. Make sure the stakes are securely driven in the ground and are in good shape (i.e., not bent, cracked, or splintered, and are reasonably perpendicular to the ground). Replace damaged stakes. At a minimum, remove the sediment behind the fabric fence when accumulation reaches one-third the height of the fence or barrier height. Gravel Filters. If the gravel becomes clogged with sediment, it should be carefully removed from the inlet and either cleaned or replaced. Since cleaning gravel at a construction site may be difficult, consider using the sediment-laden stone as fill material and put fresh stone around the inlet. Inspect bags for holes, gashes, and snags, and replace bags as needed. Check gravel bags for proper arrangement and displacement. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Sediment that accumulates in the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Inspect and maintain temporary geotextile insert devices according to manufacturers specifications. Remove storm drain inlet protection once the drainage area is stabilized. - Clean and regrade area around the inlet and clean the inside of the storm drain inlet, as it should be free of sediment and debris at the time of final inspection. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management Manual for The Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, Public Review Draft, 1991. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Gravel bags Gravel bags 6. Protection can be effective even if it is not immediately adjacent to the inlet provided that the inlet is protected from potential sources of pollution. Storm Drain Inlet Protection SE-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Active Treatment Systems (ATS) reduce turbidity of construction site runoff by introducing chemicals to stormwater through direct dosing or an electrical current to enhance flocculation, coagulation, and settling of the suspended sediment. Coagulants and flocculants are used to enhance settling and removal of suspended sediments and generally include inorganic salts and polymers (USACE, 2001). The increased flocculation aids in sedimentation and ability to remove fine suspended sediments, thus reducing stormwater runoff turbidity and improving water quality. Suitable Applications ATS can reliably provide exceptional reductions of turbidity and associated pollutants and should be considered where turbid discharges to sediment and turbidity sensitive waters cannot be avoided using traditional BMPs. Additionally, it may be appropriate to use an ATS when site constraints inhibit the ability to construct a correctly sized sediment basin, when clay and/or highly erosive soils are present, or when the site has very steep or long slope lengths. Limitations Dischargers choosing to utilize chemical treatment in an ATS must follow all guidelines of the Construction General Permit Attachment F Active Treatment System Requirements. General limitations are as follows: Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Numeric Effluent Limit (NEL) for all discharges (10 NTU daily flow-weighted average) Limited availability of chemical residual testing procedures that meet permit requirements for flow-through treatment Specific field and classroom ATS training required to operate equipment Batch treatment requires extensive toxicity testing of effluent Batch treatment requires large footprint to accommodate treatment cells Requires additional filtration to remove residual floc and treatment chemicals prior to discharge Petroleum based polymers should not be used Requires site-specific design and equipment Limited discharge rates depending on receiving water body Labor intensive operation and maintenance ATS costs are higher on a unit basis for smaller sites that would be expected to have a lower volume of treated runoff ATS costs are seasonably variable due to increases or decreases in rainfall volumes Implementation Turbidity is difficult to control once fine particles are suspended in stormwater runoff from a construction site. Sedimentation ponds are effective at removing larger particulate matter by gravity settling but are ineffective at removing smaller particulates such as clay and fine silt. Sediment ponds are typically designed to remove sediment no smaller than medium silt (0.02 mm). ATS may be used to reduce the turbidity of stormwater runoff. With an ATS, very high turbidities can be reduced to levels comparable to what is found in streams during dry weather. Criteria for ATS Product Use Chemically treated stormwater discharged from construction sites must be non-toxic to aquatic organisms. The following protocol should be used to evaluate chemicals proposed for stormwater treatment at construction sites. Authorization to use a chemical in the field based on this protocol does not relieve the applicant from responsibility for meeting all discharge and receiving water criteria applicable to a site. An ATS Plan, which includes an Operation and Maintenance component, a Monitoring, Sampling and Reporting component, a Health and Safety component, and a Spill Prevention component must be prepared and submitted to the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Treatment chemicals should be approved by EPA for potable water use or otherwise be demonstrated to be protective of human health and the environment. Chemical residual or whole effluent toxicity testing is required. Prior to field use of chemical treatment, jar tests are to be conducted to demonstrate that turbidity reduction necessary to meet the NELs and receiving water criteria can be achieved. Test conditions, including but not limited to raw water quality and jar test procedures, should be indicative of field conditions. Although these small-scale tests cannot be expected to reproduce performance under field conditions, they are indicative of treatment capability. A minimum of six site-specific jar tests must be conducted per chemical. The proposed maximum dosage should be at least a factor of five lower than the no observed effects concentration (NOEC). Effluent discharge from an ATS to a receiving water is conditional upon the favorable results of full-scale whole effluent bioassay/toxicity testing for batch treatment systems and upon chemical residuals testing for flow-through systems. Contact the RWQCB for a list of treatment chemicals that may be pre-approved for use. Active Treatment System Design Considerations The design and operation of an ATS should take into consideration the factors that determine optimum, cost-effective performance. While site characteristics will influence system design, it is important to recognize the following overriding considerations: The right chemical must be used at the right dosage. A dosage that is either too low or too high will not produce the lowest turbidity. There is an optimum dosage rate. This is a situation where the adage adding more is alwas better is not the case. The coagulant must be mixed rapidly into the water to insure proper dispersion. The mixing system for batch treatment must be sized to provide adequate mixing for the design storage volume. Lack of adequate mixing during the flocculation phase results in flocs that are too small and/or insufficiently dense. Too much mixing can rapidly destroy floc as it is formed. Care must be taken in the design of the withdrawal system to minimize outflow velocities and to prevent floc discharge. The discharge should be directed through a filtration system such as sand, bag, or cartridge filter that would catch any unintended floc discharge. ATS is also regulated for pH of the discharge. A pH-adjusting chemical should be added into the treated water to control pH if the selected coagulant requires alteration of the pH of the discharge outside of the acceptable range. Active Treatment System Design ATS can be designed as batch treatment systems using either ponds or portable trailer -mounted tanks, or as flow-through systems using any number of proprietary designed systems. Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Figure has been adapted from Port of Seattle response to Washington Dept. of Ecology Action Order 2948 Batch Treatment Batch Treatment systems consist of the stormwater collection system (either temporary diversion or the permanent site drainage system); a sediment basin, trap or holding tanks; pumps; a chemical feed system; treatment cells; and, interconnecting piping. Batch treatment systems should use a minimum of two lined treatment cells. Multiple treatment cells allow for clarification of treated water while other cells are being filled or emptied. Treatment cells may be basins, traps, or tanks. Portable tanks may also be suitable for some sites. The following equipment should be located in a secured, covered location: The chemical injector Secondary contaminant for acid, caustic, buffering compound, and treatment chemical Emergency shower and eyewash Monitoring equipment which consists of a pH meter and a turbidimeter (if not already within the instrumentation panel of the chemical injector) Flow-through Treatment At a minimum, a flow-through ATS system consists of the stormwater collection system (either temporary diversion or the permanent site drainage system), an untreated stormwater storage pond or holding tank, and a chemically enhanced filtration system. Stormwater is collected at interception point(s) on the site and is diverted by gravity or by pumping to an untreated stormwater storage pond or other untreated stormwater holding area. Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org The stormwater is stored until treatment occurs. It is important that the holding pond be large enough to provide adequate storage. Stormwater is then pumped from the untreated stormwater storage pond to the chemically enhanced filtration system where polymer is added. Adjustments to pH may be necessary before chemical addition. The filtration system continually monitors the stormwater for turbidity and pH. If the discharge water is out of the acceptable turbidity or pH range, the water is recycled to the untreated stormwater pond (or holding tank) where it can be retreated. Flow through systems must ensure that: Cumulative flow volume shall be recorded daily. The data recording system shall have the capacity to record a minimum of seven days of continuous data. Instrumentation systems are interfaced with system control to provide auto shutoff or recirculation in the event that effluent measurements exceed turbidity or pH. Upon system upset, power failure, or other catastrophic event, the ATS will default to a recirculation mode or safe shut down. The instrumentation system provides a method for controlling coagulant dose, to prevent potential overdosing. Sizing Criteria An ATS shall be designed and approved by a Certified Professional in Erosion and Sediment Control (CPESC), a Certified Professional in Storm Water Quality (CPSWQ); a California registered civil engineer; or any other California registered engineer. ATS must be designed to capture and treat (within 72 hours) runoff from the 10-year 24-hour storm event. The runoff volume of the watershed area to be treated from this size storm event is required to be calculated using the Rational Method with a runoff coefficient of 1. If sediment basins are used to capture flow-through or batch treatment, see SE-2, Sediment Basin, for design criteria. Bypass should be provided around the ATS to accommodate extreme storm events. Primary settling should be encouraged in the sediment basin/storage pond. A forebay with access for maintenance may be beneficial. The permissible discharge rate governed by potential downstream effect should be used to calculate the recommended size of the treatment cells. Local requirements related to Phase I or Phase II NPDES permit thresholds should be considered in developing maximum discharge rates the ATS Plan. Costs Costs for ATS may be significant due to equipment rental requirements and cost of chemicals. ATS cost is lower on a treated unit-basis for large construction sites with large volumes of runoff. Inspection and Maintenance ATS must be operated and maintained by individuals with experience in their use and trained in accordance with training requirements below. ATS should be monitored continuously while in Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org use. A designated responsible person shall be on site daily at all times during treatment operations. Daily on-site visual monitoring of the system for proper performance shall be conducted and recorded in the project data log. The name, phone number, and training documentation of the person responsible for system operation and monitoring shall be included in the project data log. The following monitoring requirements and results should be recorded in the data log: Operational and Compliance Monitoring Effluent flow rate and volume shall be continuously monitored and recorded at 15- minute or less intervals. Influent and effluent pH must be continuously monitored and recorded at 15-minute or less intervals. Influent and effluent turbidity (expressed in NTU) must be continuously monitored and recorded at 15-minute or less intervals. The type and amount of chemical used for pH adjustment, if any, shall be monitored and recorded. Dose rate of chemical used in the ATS system (expressed in mg/L) shall be monitored and reported 15-minutes after startup and every 8 hours of operation. Laboratory duplicates monthly laboratory duplicates for residual coagulant analysis must be performed and records shall be maintained onsite. Effluent shall be monitored and recorded for residual chemical/additive levels. If a residual chemical/additive test does not exist and the ATS is operating in a batch treatment mode of operation refer to the toxicity monitoring requirements below. Toxicity Monitoring Batch Treatment Toxicity testing for systems operated in batch treatment mode should be made in accordance with the following: Acute toxicity testing on effluent samples representing effluent from each batch prior to discharge shall be undertaken. All bioassays shall be sent to a laboratory certified by the Department of Health Services (DHS) Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Prog ram (ELAP). The required field of testing number for Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing is E113. Acute toxicity tests shall be conducted with the following species and protocols. The methods to be used in the acute toxicity testing shall be those outlined for a 96-hour acute test in Methods for Measuring the Acute Toicit of Effluents and Receiving Water to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, USEPA-841-R-02-012 for Fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, may be used as a substitute for fathead minnow. Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org All toxicity tests shall meet quality assurance criteria and test acceptability criteria in the most recent versions of the EPA test method for WET testing. Flow-through Treatment Toxicity testing for systems operated in flow-through treatment mode should be made in accordance with the following: A residual chemical test method shall be used that has a method detection limit (MDL) of 10% or less than the maximum allowable threshold concentration (MATC) for the specific coagulant in use and for the most sensitive species of the chemical used. The MATC is equal to the geometric mean of the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) Acute and Chronic toxicity results for most sensitive species determined for the specific coagulant. The residual chemical test method shall produce a result within one hour of sampling. A California State certified laboratory shall validate the selected residual chemical test. Specifically, the lab will review the test protocol, test parameters, and the detection limit of the coagulant. The discharger shall electronically submit this documentation as part of the ATS Plan. Numeric Effluent Limit (NEL) Compliance: All chemically treated stormwater must be sampled and tested for compliance with pH and turbidity limits. These limits have been established by the Construction General Permit. Sampling and testing for other pollutants may also be necessary at some sites. Turbidity limits have been set as 10 NTU as a daily flow-weighted average or 20 NTU from a single sample. pH must be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 standard units. It is often possible to discharge treated stormwater that has a lower turbidity than the receiving water and that matches the pH. Treated stormwater samples and measurements should be taken from the discharge pipe or another location representative of the nature of the treated stormwater discharge. Samples used for determining compliance with the water quality standards in the receiving water should not be taken from the treatment pond prior to decanting. Compliance with the water quality standards is determined in the receiving water. Operator Training: Operators shall have training specific to using an ATS and liquid coagulants for stormwater discharges in California. The training shall be in the form of a formal class with a certificate and requirements for testing and certificate renewal. Training shall include a minimum of eight hours classroom and 32 hours field training. Standard BMPs: Erosion and sediment control BMPs should be implemented throughout the site to prevent erosion and discharge of sediment to the ATS. Some types of chemical coagulation and flocculation are only achievable in water below a certain turbidity; therefore, minimizing the amount of sediment reaching the system will increase the likelihood of meeting effluent limits and will potentially lower costs of chemical dosing. Active Treatment Systems SE-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Sediment Removal and Disposal Sediment shall be removed from the storage or treatment cells as necessary to ensure that the cells maintain their required water storage (i.e., volume) capability. Handling and disposal of all solids generated during ATS operations shall be done in accordance with all local, state, and federal laws and regulations. If sediment is determined to be non-toxic, it may be incorporated into the site away from drainages. References Engineering and Design Precipitation/Coagulation/Flocculation. United States Army Corps of Engineers, EM 1110-1-4012, 2001. Evaluation of Active Treatment Systems (ATS) for Construction Site Runoff. California Building and Industry Association (prepared by Geosyntec Consultants), 2008. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Volume II Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention, Washington State Department of Ecology, August 2001. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls (MLSC) SE-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Manufactured linear sediment controls (MLSC) are pre- manufactured devices that are typically specified and installed for drainage and sediment control on the perimeter of disturbed sites or stockpiles and as check dams within channels. Typically, MLSCs can be reused. This fact sheet is intended to provide guidance on BMP selection and implementation of proprietary or vendor- supplied products, for sediment control. Products should be evaluated for project-specific implementation and used if determined to be appropriate by the SWPPP Preparer. Suitable Applications MLSCs are generally used in areas as a substitute for fiber rolls and silt fences in sediment control applications to slow down runoff water, divert drainage or contain fines and sediment. MLSCs are a linear control and application suitability varies based on the specific product type. They may be suitable: On paved surfaces for perimeter protection. As check structures in channels. Along the perimeter of disturbed sites in lieu of silt fence. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Roll SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls (MLSC) SE-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org At operational storm drains as a form of inlet protection. Around temporary stockpiles or material/equipment storage areas. At the interface between graveled driveways and pavement. Along the toe of exposed and erodible slopes. Limitations Limitations vary by product. Prodc manfacrers prined prodc se insrcions should be reviewed by the SWPPP Preparer to determine the project-specific applicability of MLSCs. Implementation General When appropriately placed, MLSCs intercept and slow sheet flow runoff, causing temporary ponding. The temporary ponding provides quiescent conditions allowing sediment to settle. The device is porous, which allows the ponded runoff to flow slowly through the device, releasing the runoff as sheet flows. Generally, MLSCs should be used in conjunction with temporary soil stabilization controls up-slope to provide an effective combination of erosion and sediment control. Design and Layout MLSCs used on soil should be trenched or attached to the ground per manufacturer specifications in a manner that precludes runoff or ponded water from flowing around or under the device. MLSCs designed for use on asphalt or concrete may be attached using a variety of methods, including nailing the device to the pavement, or using a high strength adhesive. Follow manufacturer written specifications when installing MLSCs. Allow sufficient space up-slope from the silt dike to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. For installation near the toe of the slope, MLSCs should be set back 3 feet from the slope toe to facilitate cleaning. Where site conditions do not allow set back, the sediment control may be constructed on the toe of the slope. To prevent flows behind the barrier, sand or gravel bags can be placed perpendicular and between the sediment control and slope to serve as a barrier to parallel flow. Drainage area should not exceed 5 acres. Materials Several manufactured products are available. The following search terms or combination of terms can be used with an internet search engine to find manufactured linear sediment controls: Manufactured Linear Sediment Controls (MLSC) SE-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org - sil barrier - resable sil fence - sil fence alernaie or - perimeer sedimen conrol Costs Manufacturers should be contacted directly for current pricing. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Reshape or replace sections of damaged MLSCs as needed. Repair washouts or other damage as needed. Sediment that accumulates behind the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Remove MLSCs when no longer needed. Remove sediment accumulation and clean, re- grade, and stabilize the area. Removed sediment should be incorporated in the project or disposed of properly. References City of Elko Construction Site Best Management Practices Handbook, December 2005. Construction Site Best Management Practices Handbook, June 2008 Update, Truckee Meadows Regional Stormwater Quality Management Program, June 2008. Complying with the Edwards Aquifer Rules Technical Guidance on Best Management Practices, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Revised July 2005, Addendum Sheet, January26, 2011. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington Volume II, Construction Stormwater Pollution Prevention, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 2005. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Compost socks and berms act as three-dimensional biodegradable filtering structures to intercept runoff where sheet flow occurs and are generally placed at the site perimeter or at intervals on sloped areas. Compost socks are generally a mesh sock containing compost and a compost berm is a dike of compost, trapezoidal in cross section. When employed to intercept sheet flow, both BMPs are placed perpendicular to the flow of runoff, allowing filtered runoff to pass through the compost and retaining sediment (and potentially other pollutants). A compost sock can be assembled on site by filling a mesh sock (e.g. with a pneumatic blower). The compost berm should be constructed using a backhoe or equivalent and/or a pneumatic delivery (blower) system and should be properly compacted. Compost socks and berms act as filters, reduce runoff velocities, and in some cases, aid in establishing vegetation. Compost is organic, biodegradable, and renewable. Compost provides soil structure that allows water to infiltrate the compost medium which helps prevent rill erosion and the retained moisture promotes seed germination and vegetation growth, in addition to providing organic matter and nutrients important for fostering vegetation. Compost improves soil quality and productivity, as well as erosion and sediment control. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-5 Fiber Roll SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-14 Biofilter Bags If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org The compost of the compost sock or berm can be selected that targets site specific objectives in capturing sediment and other pollutants, supporting vegetation, or additional erosion control. Compost is typically derived from combinations of feedstocks, biosolids, leaf and yard trimmings, manure, wood, or mixed solid waste. Many types of compost are products of municipal recycle or "Green waste" programs. Compost is organic and biodegradable and can be left onsite. There are many types of compost with a variety of properties with specific functions, and accordingly compost selection is an important design consideration in the application of this type of erosion and sediment control. Suitable Applications Along the toe, top, face, and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow (compost berms should only be used at the top of slopes or on slopes 4:1 (H:V) or flatter, all other slope applications should use compost socks) Along the perimeter of a project As check dams in unlined ditches (compost socks only) Down-slope of exposed soil areas At operational storm drains as a form of inlet protection (compost socks only) Around temporary stockpiles Compost socks and berms do not require special trenching or BMP removal compared to other sediment control methods (e.g. silt fence or fiber rolls). Compost socks and berms can remain in place after earth disturbing activities are completed or the compost components can be spread over the site providing nutrients for plant growth and augmenting soil structure. BMPs that remain in place are particularly advantageous below embankments, especially adjacent streams, by limiting re-entry and the disturbance to sensitive areas. Compost can be pre-seeded prior to application (recommended by the EPA for construction site stormwater runoff control and required for compost socks) or seeded after installation (for compost berms only). The compost medium can also remove pollutants in stormwater including heavy metals; oil and grease; and hydrocarbons. Limitations Compost can potentially leach nutrients (dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen) into runoff and potentially impact water quality. Compost should not be used directly upstream from nutrient impaired waterbodies (Adams et. al, 2008). Compost may also contain other undesirable constituents that are detrimental to water quality. Compost should be obtained from a supplier certified by the California Integrated Waste Management Board or compost should otherwise meet the environmental health standards of Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Article 7. Carefully consider the qualifications and experience of any compost producer/supplier. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Application by hand is more time intensive and potentially costly. Using a pneumatic blower truck is the recommended cost-effective method of assembly. Compost socks and berms should not be employed at the base of slopes greater than 2:1 (H:V). They can be employed with other erosion control methods for steeper slopes. Difficult to move once saturated. Compost berms should not be applied in areas of concentrated flows. Compost socks and berms are easy to fix; however, they are susceptible to damage by frequent traffic. Compost socks can be used around heavy machinery, but regular disturbance decreases sock performance. Implementation Compost Materials California Compost Regulations (Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Article 7, Section 17868.3) define and require a quality of compost for application. Compost should comply with all physical and chemical requirements. Specific requirements are provided in Table 1, taken from Caltrans Standard Specifications (2015). The Caltrans SSP, Section 21-2.02Q, Compost Socks, states that the sock used to retain the compost must be composed of natural, biodegradable products, such as cotton, jute, sisal, burlap or coir. The compost producer should be fully permitted as specified under the California Integrated Waste Management Board, Local Enforcement Agencies and any other State and Local Agencies that regulate Solid Waste Facilities. If exempt from State permitting requirements, the composting facility should certify that it follows guidelines and procedures for production of compost meeting the environmental health standards of Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Article 7. The compost producer should be a participant in United States Composting Council's Seal of Testing Assurance program. Compost medium parameter specifications for compost socks and berms have been developed to assist in compost selection, such as those provided by the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Particle size is important parameter for selecting compost. Well consolidated, coarser grades of compost (e.g., small and large pieces) perform better for filtration objectives, while finer grades better support vegetation. Particle size of the compost should be selected based on site conditions, such as expected precipitation, and filtration goals and / or long-term plant nutrients. Compost moisture should be considered for composition quality and application purposes. A range of 30-50% is typical. Compost that is too dry is hard to apply and compost that is too wet is more difficult (and more expensive) to transport. For arid or semi-arid areas, or for application during the dry season, use compost with greater moisture content than areas with wetter climates. For wetter or more humid climates or for application during the wet Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org season, drier composts can be used as the compost will absorb moisture from the ambient air. If vegetation establishment is a desired function of the compost, a compost sample should be inspected by a qualified individual. Vegetation has different nutrient and moisture needs. Organic content of the compost is also important and should range from 30 to 65% depending on site conditions. Compost should not be derived from mixed municipal solid waste and should be reasonably free of visible contaminates. Compost should not contain paint, petroleum products, pesticides or any other chemical residues harmful to animal life or plant growth. Metal concentrations in compost should not exceed the maximum metal concentrations listed under Title 14, California Code of Regulations, Division 7, Chapter 3.1, Section 17868.2. Compost should not possess objectionable odors. Compost should be weed free. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Table 1. Physical/Chemical Requirements of Compost Reference - Caltrans SSP-10 Erosion Control Blanket (Compost) Property Test Method Requirement pH TMECC 04.11-A 6.0 8.5 Soluble Salts TMECC 04.10-A 0-10.0 Moisture Content TMECC 03.09-A 30-60 Organic Matter Content TMECC 05.07-A 30 100 Maturity TMECC 05.05-A 80 or Above 80 or Above Stability TMECC 05.08-B 8 or below Particle size for fine compost: dry weight Pass 5/8-inch sieve (min, %) Pass 3/8-inch sieve (min, %) TMECC 02.02-B 95 70 Particle size for medium compost: dry weight Pass 2-inch sieve (min, %) Pass 1-inch sieve (max, %) TMECC 02.02-B 95 30 Particle size for coarse compost: dry weight Pass 2-1/2-inch sieve (min, %) Pass 3/8-inch sieve (max, %) TMECC 02.02-B 99 40 Pathogen Fecal Coliform Bacteria MPN/1-gram dry wt. TMECC 07.01-B < 1,000 Pathogen Salmonella MPN/4 grams dry wt. TMECC 07.01-B < 3 Physical Contaminants (% dry weight) Plastics, glass, and metal TMECC 02.02-C Combined Total: < 1.0 Physical Contaminants (% dry weight) Sharps TMECC 02.02-C None Detected *TMECC refers to "Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost," published by the United States Department of Agriculture and the United States Compost Council (USCC). Installation Prior to application, prepare locations for socks and berms by removing brush and thick vegetation. The compost of the sock and/or berm should be allowed to come in full contact with the ground surface. Select method to apply the compost sock or berm. A pneumatic blower is most cost effective and most adaptive in applying compost to steep, rough terrain, and hard to reach locations. The compost of the berm should be distributed evenly to the surface, compacted, and shaped trapezoidal in cross section. Berm design is generally consisting of a base two times the height. AASHTO specification MP 9-03 provides compost berm dimensions based on anticipated site precipitation (AASHTO, 2003 and USEPA, 2009). State agencies, such as Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (ODEQ) have developed berm dimension based on slope steepness and length (ODEQ, 2004). Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Compost socks can be assembled on site by filling mesh socks with the selected compost. Mesh socks can be tied at one end, filled, and then tied at the other end. The ends of socks can be interlocked until the desired length is achieved. The sock diameter is a function of slope steepness and length. Again, ASSHTO provides specifications for various parameters. Compost socks range from 8 18 b ae icall 12 18 i diaee. Compost socks are typically placed in contours perpendicular to sheet flow. They can also be placed in V formation on a slope. Compost socks need to be anchored, typically stakes, through the center of the sock. To prevent water flowing around them, the ends of compost socks should be placed upslope. Locate compost socks and berms on level contours spaced as follows: - Slope inclination of 4:1 (H:V) or flatter: Socks and/or berms should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft. - Slope inclination between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Socks should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). - Slope inclination 2:1 (H:V) or greater: Socks should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft. (a closer spacing is more effective). Place perimeter socks and berms using a j-hook installation. Use of vegetation will also provide additional anchoring. Compost socks and berms can be placed around the perimeter of an affected area, like a silt fence, if the area is flat or on a contour. Do not place these socks and berms where ponded water could become an issue. If used at the toe of slopes, the compost sock or berm should at a minimum of 5 to 10 feet away. Use additional anchoring and erosion control BMPs in conjunction of the compost socks and berms as needed. Consider using compost berms or socks as necessary at the top and/or bottom of the slope for additional erosion control performance. Compost socks and berms can also be effective over rocky and frozen ground if installed properly. It is recommended that the drainage areas of these compost BMPs do not exceed 0.25 acre per 100 feet placement interval and runoff does not exceed 1 cubic foot per second. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Costs Recently obtained vendor costs indicated $4.50 per linear foot for compost berm application and $2.50 e liea f f 8 ck ad $3.20 e liea f f 12ck (Adjusted for inflation ,2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Costs do not include final compost sock or berm functions at the end of construction activities, including spreading or removal, if required. ODEQ estimates that compost berms cost 30 percent less than silt fences to install. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Once damage is identified, mend or reapply the sock or berm as needed. Washed out areas should be replaced. If the sock or berm height is breached during a storm, an additional sock can be stacked to increase the sock height and similarly the berm dimensions can be increased, as applicable. An additional sock or berm may be installed upslope, as needed. It may be necessary to apply an additional type of stormwater BMP, such as a compost blanket. Sediment contained by the sock or berm should be removed prior reaching 1/3 of the exposed height of the BMP. The sediment can be stabilized with the compost sock or berm with vegetation at the end of construction activities. Care should be exercised to minimize the damage to protected areas while making repairs, as any area damaged will require reapplication of BMPs. Limit traffic to minimize damage to BMPs or impede vegetation establishment. References An analysis of Composting as an Environmental Remediation Technology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W), EPA530-R-8-008, 1998. Characteristics of Compost: Moisture Holding and Water Quality Improvement, Center for Research in Water Resources, Kirchoff, C., Malina, J., and Barrett, M., 2003. Compost Utilization for Erosion Control, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B1200.htm, Faucette, B. and Risse, M., 2001. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Standard Specifications, State of California, California State Transportation Agency, Department of Transportation (Caltrans), 2015. Available online at: http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/oe/construction_contract_standards/std_specs/2015_StdSpecs /2015_StdSpecs.pdf. Compost Socks and Berms SE-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Evaluation of Environmental Benefits and Impacts of Compost and Industry Standard Erosion and Sediment Controls Measures Used in Construction Activities, Dissertation, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Faucette, B., 2004. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), Compost Blankets, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&vie w=specific&bmp=118, 2009. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Designation MP-9, Compost for Erosion/Sediment Control (Filter Berms), Provisional, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2003. Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) Field Trials of Erosion Control Compost in Reclamation of Rock Quarry Operations, Nonpoint Source Protection Program CWA §319(h), Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Adams, T., McFarland, A., Hauck, L., Barrett, M., and Eck, B., 2008. Biofilter Bags SE-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Biofilter bags, or bio-bags, are a multi-purpose sediment control BMP consisting of a plastic mesh bag filled with 100% recycled wood product waste. Biofilter bags come in a variety of sizes (30” x 18” and 30” x 9” being common) and generally have between 1-2 cubic yards of recycled wood waste (or wood chips). Biofilter bags work by detaining flow and allowing a slow rate of discharge through the wood media. This action removes suspended sediment through gravity settling of the detained water and filtration within the bag. Suitable Applications Biofilter bags are a short-term BMP that can be rapidly deployed, maintained, and replaced. Biofilter bags can be an effective short-term solution to place in developed rills to prevent further erosion until permanent measures can be established. Suitable short-term applications include: As a linear sediment control measure: - Below the toe of slopes and erodible slopes - Below other small cleared areas - Along the perimeter of a site (with low-expected flow) - Down slope of exposed soil areas - Around temporary stockpiles and spoil areas - Parallel to a roadway to keep sediment off paved areas Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TR Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-1 Silt Fence SE-4 Check Dams SE-5 Fiber Roll SE-6 Gravel Bag Berm SE-8 Sandbag Barrier SE-10 Storm Drain Inlet Protection If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Biofilter Bags SE-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org - Along streams and channels As linear erosion control measure: - Along the face and at grade breaks of exposed and erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow - At the top of slopes to divert runoff away from disturbed slopes - As check dams across mildly sloped construction roads Inlet Protection (See SE-10) Supplement to silt fences or other sediment control devices Limitations Short life-span (maximum usefulness of 2-3 months and should be replaced more frequently if needed); regular maintenance and replacement required to ensure effectiveness. Bags will rapidly fill with sediment and reduce permeability. Easily damaged by construction vehicles. If not properly staked, will fail on slope applications. If improperly installed can allow undercutting or side-cutting flow. Not effective where water velocities or volumes are high. Potentially buoyant and easily displaced if not properly installed. Implementation General Biofilter bags are a relatively low cost temporary BMP that are easily deployed and have a simple installation that can be performed by hand. Without proper installation, however, biofilter bags can fail due to their light weight, potential displacement, and multiple joint locations. One of the benefits of utilizing biofilter bags is that the media (wood-product) can be recycled or used onsite when no longer needed (where acceptable). Design and Layout – Linear control Locate biofilter bags on level contours. - Slopes between 20:1 and 4:1 (H:V): Biofilter bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 20 ft, with the first row near the slope toe. - Slopes between 4:1 and 2:1 (H:V): Biofilter bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 15 ft, with the first row near the slope toe. - Slopes 2:1 (H:V) or steeper: Biofilter bags should be placed at a maximum interval of 10 ft., with the first row placed the slope toe. Biofilter Bags SE-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Turn the ends of the biofilter bag barriers up slope to prevent runoff from going around the berm. Allow sufficient space up slope from the biofilter bag berm to allow ponding, and to provide room for sediment storage. Stake biofilter bags into a 1 to 2 in. deep trench with a width equal to the bag. - Drive one stake at each end of the bag. - Use wood stakes with a nominal classification of 0.75 by 0.75 in. and minimum length of 24 in. Biofilter bags should be overlapped (6 in.), not abutted. Costs Pre-filled biofilter bags cost approximately $3.20-$4.50 per bag, dependent upon size (Adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech, Inc.). Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Biofilter bags exposed to sunlight will need to be replaced every two to three months due to degrading of the bags. Reshape or replace biofilter bags as needed. Repair washouts or other damage as needed. Sediment that is retained by the BMP should be periodically removed in order to maintain BMP effectiveness. Sediment should be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-third of the barrier height. Remove biofilter bag berms when no longer needed. Remove sediment accumulation and clean, re-grade, and stabilize the area. Biofilter media may be used on-site, if allowed. References Catalog of Stormwater Best Management Practices for Idaho Cities and Counties. Volume 2, Section 7, BMP 34 – Biofilter Bags, Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, 2005. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Wind Erosion Control WE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Wind erosion or dust control consists of applying water or other chemical dust suppressants as necessary to prevent or alleviate dust nuisance generated by construction activities. Covering small stockpiles or areas is an alternative to applying water or other dust palliatives. Califia Medieaea climae, ih a short wet season and a typically long, hot dry season, allows the soils to thoroughly dry out. During the dry season, construction activities are at their peak, and disturbed and exposed areas are increasingly subject to wind erosion, sediment tracking, and dust generated by construction equipment. Site conditions and climate can make dust control more of an erosion problem than water-based erosion. Additionally, many local agencies, including Air Quality Management Districts, require dust control and/or dust control permits in order to comply with local nuisance laws, opacity laws (visibility impairment) and the requirements of the Clean Air Act. Wind erosion control is required to be implemented at all construction sites greater than 1 acre by the General Permit. Suitable Applications Most BMPs that provide protection against water-based erosion will also protect against wind-based erosion and dust control requirements required by other agencies will generally meet wind erosion control requirements for water quality protection. Wind erosion control BMPs are suitable during the following construction activities: Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives EC-5 Soil Binders If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Wind Erosion Control WE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Construction vehicle traffic on unpaved roads Drilling and blasting activities Soils and debris storage piles Batch drop from front-end loaders Areas with unstabilized soil Final grading/site stabilization Limitations Watering prevents dust only for a short period (generally less than a few hours) and should be applied daily (or more often) to be effective. Over watering may cause erosion and track-out. Oil or oil-treated subgrade should not be used for dust control because the oil may migrate into drainageways and/or seep into the soil. Chemical dust suppression agents may have potential environmental impacts. Selected chemical dust control agents should be environmentally benign. Effectiveness of controls depends on soil, temperature, humidity, wind velocity and traffic. Chemical dust suppression agents should not be used within 100 feet of wetlands or water bodies. Chemically treated subgrades may make the soil water repellant, interfering with long-term infiltration and the vegetation/re-vegetation of the site. Some chemical dust suppressants may be subject to freezing and may contain solvents and should be handled properly. In compacted areas, watering and other liquid dust control measures may wash sediment or other constituents into the drainage system. If the soil surface has minimal natural moisture, the affected area may need to be pre-wetted so that chemical dust control agents can uniformly penetrate the soil surface. Implementation Dust Control Practices Dust control BMPs generally stabilize exposed surfaces and minimize activities that suspend or track dust particles. The following table presents dust control practices that can be applied to varying site conditions that could potentially cause dust. For heavily traveled and disturbed areas, wet suppression (watering), chemical dust suppression, gravel asphalt surfacing, temporary gravel construction entrances, equipment wash-out areas, and haul truck covers can be employed as dust control applications. Permanent or temporary vegetation and mulching can be employed for areas of occasional or no construction traffic. Preventive measures include minimizing surface areas to be disturbed, limiting onsite vehicle traffic to 15 mph or less, and controlling the number and activity of vehicles on a site at any given time. Wind Erosion Control WE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Chemical dust suppressants include: mulch and fiber based dust palliatives (e.g. paper mulch with gypsum binder), salts and brines (e.g. calcium chloride, magnesium chloride), non- petroleum based organics (e.g. vegetable oil, lignosulfonate), petroleum based organics (e.g. asphalt emulsion, dust oils, petroleum resins), synthetic polymers (e.g. polyvinyl acetate, vinyl, acrylic), clay additives (e.g. bentonite, montmorillonite) and electrochemical products (e.g. enzymes, ionic products). Site Condition Dust Control Practices Permanent Vegetation Mulching Wet Suppression (Watering) Chemical Dust Suppression Gravel or Asphalt Temporary Gravel Construction Entrances/Equipment Wash Down Synthetic Covers Minimize Extent of Disturbed Area Disturbed Areas not Subject to Traffic X X X X X X Disturbed Areas Subject to Traffic X X X X X Material Stockpiles X X X X X Demolition X X X Clearing/ Excavation X X X Truck Traffic on Unpaved Roads X X X X X Tracking X X Additional preventive measures include: Schedule construction activities to minimize exposed area (see EC-1, Scheduling). Quickly treat exposed soils using water, mulching, chemical dust suppressants, or stone/gravel layering. Identify and stabilize key access points prior to commencement of construction. Minimize the impact of dust by anticipating the direction of prevailing winds. Restrict construction traffic to stabilized roadways within the project site, as practicable. Water should be applied by means of pressure-type distributors or pipelines equipped with a spray system or hoses and nozzles that will ensure even distribution. All distribution equipment should be equipped with a positive means of shutoff. Unless water is applied by means of pipelines, at least one mobile unit should be available at all times to apply water or dust palliative to the project. If reclaimed waste water is used, the sources and discharge must meet California Department of Health Services water reclamation criteria and the Regional Water Quality Wind Erosion Control WE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Control Board (RWQCB) requirements. Non-potable water should not be conveyed in tanks or drain pipes that will be used to convey potable water and there should be no connection between potable and non-potable supplies. Non-potable tanks, pipes, and other ceace hld be maked, NON-POTABLE WATER - DO NOT DRINK. Pave or chemically stabilize access points where unpaved traffic surfaces adjoin paved roads. Provide covers for haul trucks transporting materials that contribute to dust. Provide for rapid clean up of sediments deposited on paved roads. Furnish stabilized construction road entrances and wheel wash areas. Stabilize inactive areas of construction sites using temporary vegetation or chemical stabilization methods. For chemical stabilization, there are many products available for chemically stabilizing gravel roadways and stockpiles. If chemical stabilization is used, the chemicals should not create any adverse effects on stormwater, plant life, or groundwater and should meet all applicable regulatory requirements. Costs Installation costs for water and chemical dust suppression vary based on the method used and the length of effectiveness. Annual costs may be high since some of these measures are effective for only a few hours to a few days. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Check areas protected to ensure coverage. Most water-based dust control measures require frequent application, often daily or even multiple times per day. Obtain vendor or independent information on longevity of chemical dust suppressants. References Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Arizona, September 1992. California Air Pollution Control Laws, California Air Resources Board, updated annually. Construction Manual, Chapter 4, Seci 10, D Cl; Seci 17, Waeig; ad Seci 18, D Palliaie, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), July 2001. Wind Erosion Control WE-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Prospects for Attaining the State Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10), Visibility Reducing Particles, Sulfates, Lead, and Hydrogen Sulfide, California Air Resources Board, April 1991. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A stabilized construction access is defined by a point of entrance/exit to a construction site that is stabilized to reduce the tracking of mud and dirt onto public roads by construction vehicles. Suitable Applications Use at construction sites: Where dirt or mud can be tracked onto public roads. Adjacent to water bodies. Where poor soils are encountered. Where dust is a problem during dry weather conditions. Limitations Entrances and exits require periodic top dressing with additional stones. This BMP should be used in conjunction with street sweeping on adjacent public right of way. Entrances and exits should be constructed on level ground only. Stabilized construction entrances are rather expensive to construct and when a wash rack is included, a sediment trap of some kind must also be provided to collect wash water runoff. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation General A stabilized construction entrance is a pad of aggregate underlain with filter cloth located at any point where traffic will be entering or leaving a construction site to or from a public right of way, street, alley, sidewalk, or parking area. The purpose of a stabilized construction entrance is to reduce or eliminate the tracking of sediment onto public rights of way or streets. Reducing tracking of sediments and other pollutants onto paved roads helps prevent deposition of sediments into local storm drains and production of airborne dust. Where traffic will be entering or leaving the construction site, a stabilized construction entrance should be used. NPDES permits require that appropriate measures be implemented to prevent tracking of sediments onto paved roadways, where a significant source of sediments is derived from mud and dirt carried out from unpaved roads and construction sites. Stabilized construction entrances are moderately effective in removing sediment from equipment leaving a construction site. The entrance should be built on level ground. Advantages of the Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit is that it does remove some sediment from equipment and serves to channel construction traffic in and out of the site at specified locations. Efficiency is greatly increased when a washing rack is included as part of a stabilized construction entrance/exit. Design and Layout Construct on level ground where possible. Select 3 to 6 in. diameter stones. Use minimum depth of stones of 12 in. or as recommended by soils engineer. Construct length of 50 ft or maximum site will allow, and 10 ft minimum width or to accommodate traffic. Rumble racks constructed of steel panels with ridges and installed in the stabilized entrance/exit will help remove additional sediment and to keep adjacent streets clean. Provide ample turning radii as part of the entrance. Limit the points of entrance/exit to the construction site. Limit speed of vehicles to control dust. Properly grade each construction entrance/exit to prevent runoff from leaving the construction site. Route runoff from stabilized entrances/exits through a sediment trapping device before discharge. Design stabilized entrance/exit to support heaviest vehicles and equipment that will use it. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Select construction access stabilization (aggregate, asphaltic concrete, concrete) based on longevity, required performance, and site conditions. Do not use asphalt concrete (AC) grindings for stabilized construction access/roadway. If aggregate is selected, place crushed aggregate over geotextile fabric to at least 12 in. depth, or place aggregate to a depth recommended by a geotechnical engineer. A crushed aggregate greater than 3 in. but smaller than 6 in. should be used. Designate combination or single purpose entrances and exits to the construction site. Require that all employees, subcontractors, and suppliers utilize the stabilized construction access. Implement SE-7, Street Sweeping and Vacuuming, as needed. All exit locations intended to be used for more than a two-week period should have stabilized construction entrance/exit BMPs. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMPs are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect local roads adjacent to the site daily. Sweep or vacuum to remove visible accumulated sediment. Remove aggregate, separate and dispose of sediment if construction entrance/exit is clogged with sediment. Keep all temporary roadway ditches clear. Check for damage and repair as needed. Replace gravel material when surface voids are visible. Remove all sediment deposited on paved roadways within 24 hours. Remove gravel and filter fabric at completion of construction Costs Average annual cost for installation and maintenance may vary from $1,500 to $6,100 each, averaging $3,100 per entrance. Costs will increase with addition of washing rack and sediment trap. With wash rack, costs range from $1,500 - $7,700 each, averaging $4,600 per entrance (All costs adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech Inc. References Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas, USEPA Agency, 2002. Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1991. Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, EPA 840-B-9-002, USEPA, Office of Water, Washington, DC, 1993. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org 50 Tical (1) Length should be extended to 12 times the diameter of the largest construction vehicle tire. (2) On small sites length should be the maximum allowed by site. Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org 50 Tical (1) Length should be extended to 12 times the diameter of the largest construction vehicle tire. (2) On small sites length should be the maximum allowed by site . Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Access roads, subdivision roads, parking areas, and other onsite vehicle transportation routes should be stabilized immediately after grading, and frequently maintained to prevent erosion and control dust. Suitable Applications This BMP should be applied for the following conditions: Temporary Construction Traffic: - Phased construction projects and offsite road access - Construction during wet weather Construction roadways and detour roads: - Where mud tracking is a problem during wet weather - Where dust is a problem during dry weather - Adjacent to water bodies - Where poor soils are encountered Limitations The roadway must be removed or paved when construction is complete. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Certain chemical stabilization methods may cause stormwater or soil pollution and should not be used. See WE-1, Wind Erosion Control. Management of construction traffic is subject to air quality control measures. Contact the local air quality management agency. Materials will likely need to be removed prior to final project grading and stabilization. Use of this BMP may not be applicable to very short duration projects. Implementation General Areas that are graded for construction vehicle transport and parking purposes are especially susceptible to erosion and dust. The exposed soil surface is continually disturbed, leaving no opportunity for vegetative stabilization. Such areas also tend to collect and transport runoff waters along their surfaces. During wet weather, they often become muddy quagmires that generate significant quantities of sediment that may pollute nearby streams or be transported offsite on the wheels of construction vehicles. Dirt roads can become so unstable during wet weather that they are virtually unusable. Efficient construction road stabilization not only reduces onsite erosion but also can significantly speed onsite work, avoid instances of immobilized machinery and delivery vehicles, and generally improve site efficiency and working conditions during adverse weather Installation/Application Criteria Permanent roads and parking areas should be paved as soon as possible after grading. As an alternative where construction will be phased, the early application of gravel or chemical stabilization may solve potential erosion and stability problems. Temporary gravel roadway should be considered during the rainy season and on slopes greater than 5%. Temporary roads should follow the contour of the natural terrain to the maximum extent possible. Slope should not exceed 15%. Roadways should be carefully graded to drain transversely. Provide drainage swales on each side of the roadway in the case of a crowned section or one side in the case of a super elevated section. Simple gravel berms without a trench can also be used. Installed inlets should be protected to prevent sediment laden water from entering the storm sewer system (SE-10, Storm Drain Inlet Protection). In addition, the following criteria should be considered. Road should follow topographic contours to reduce erosion of the roadway. The roadway slope should not exceed 15%. Chemical stabilizers or water are usually required on gravel or dirt roads to prevent dust (WE-1, Wind Erosion Control). Properly grade roadway to prevent runoff from leaving the construction site. Design stabilized access to support heaviest vehicles and equipment that will use it. Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Stabilize roadway using aggregate, asphalt concrete, or concrete based on longevity, required performance, and site conditions. The use of cold mix asphalt or asphalt concrete (AC) grindings for stabilized construction roadway is not allowed. Coordinate materials with those used for stabilized construction entrance/exit points. If aggregate is selected, place crushed aggregate over geotextile fabric to at least 12 in. depth. A crushed aggregate greater than 3 in. but smaller than 6 in. should be used. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Keep all temporary roadway ditches clear. When no longer required, remove stabilized construction roadway and re-grade and repair slopes. Periodically apply additional aggregate on gravel roads. Active dirt construction roads are commonly watered three or more times per day during the dry season. Costs Gravel construction roads are moderately expensive, but cost is often balanced by reductions in construction delay. No additional costs for dust control on construction roads should be required above that needed to meet local air quality requirements. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program; Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group, Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Management of the Puget Sound Basin, Technical Manual, Publication #91-75, Washington State Department of Ecology, February 1992. Stabilized Construction Roadway TC-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation, 1991. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, November 1988. Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash TC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A tire wash is an area located at stabilized construction access points to remove sediment from tires and under carriages and to prevent sediment from being transported onto public roadways. Suitable Applications Tire washes may be used on construction sites where dirt and mud tracking onto public roads by construction vehicles may occur. Limitations The tire wash requires a supply of wash water. A turnout or doublewide exit is required to avoid having entering vehicles drive through the wash area. Do not use where wet tire trucks leaving the site leave the road dangerously slick. Implementation Incorporate with a stabilized construction entrance/exit. See TC-1, Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit. Construct on level ground when possible, on a pad of coarse aggregate greater than 3 in. but smaller than 6 in. A geotextile fabric should be placed below the aggregate. Wash rack should be designed and constructed/manufactured for anticipated traffic loads. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives TC-1 Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash TC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Provide a drainage ditch that will convey the runoff from the wash area to a sediment trapping device. The drainage ditch should be of sufficient grade, width, and depth to carry the wash runoff. Use hoses with automatic shutoff nozzles to prevent hoses from being left on. Require that all employees, subcontractors, and others that leave the site with mud caked tires and undercarriages to use the wash facility. Implement SC-7, Street Sweeping and Vacuuming, as needed. Costs Costs are low for installation of wash rack. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Remove accumulated sediment in wash rack and/or sediment trap to maintain system performance. Inspect routinely for damage and repair as needed. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program; Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group, Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, May 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Entrance/Outlet Tire Wash TC-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org December 2019 CASQA Stormwater BMP Handbook 4-1 Construction www.casqa.org Section 4 Non-Stormwater Management and Material Management BMPs 4.1 Non-Stormwater Management BMPs The discharge of materials other than stormwater and authorized non-stormwater discharges is prohibited by NPDES regulations as well as other local codes and ordinances. It is recognized that certain authorized non-stormwater discharges may be necessary for the completion of construction projects. Such discharges include, but are not limited to, irrigation of vegetative erosion control measures, and pipe flushing and testing. Non-stormwater management BMPs are source control BMPs that prevent pollution by limiting or reducing potential pollutants at their source or eliminating off-site discharge. These practices involve day-to-day operations of the construction site and are usually under the control of the contractor. These BMPs are also referred to as good housekeeping practices, which involve keeping a clean, orderly construction site. Non-stormwater management BMPs also include procedures and practices designed to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants from vehicle and equipment cleaning, fueling, and maintenance operations to stormwater drainage systems or to watercourses. Table 4-1 lists the non-stormwater management BMPs. All these BMPs must be implemented depending on the conditions and applicability of deployment described as part of the BMP. The key to implementing these BMPs is to maintain a clean site and keep water, runoff, and run-on away from potential pollutants, including bare soil. In general, conduct construction activities so that: potential pollutants are not discharged directly to drainage systems; generation of potential pollutants is limited; and pollutants that are generated are contained and cleaned up immediately and are therefore not available for later discharge. These BMPs are fundamental to water quality protection and all sites must implement non-stormwater BMPs appropriate for the construction activities being performed. Table 4-1 Non-Stormwater Management BMPs BMP# BMP Name NS-1 Water Conservation Practices2 NS-2 Dewatering Operations1, 3 NS-3 Paving and Grinding Operations1, 3 NS-4 Temporary Stream Crossing1, 2 NS-5 Clear Water Diversion2 NS-6 Illicit Connection/Discharge1, 2 NS-7 Potable Water/Irrigation1, 2 NS-8 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning1, 2 NS-9 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling1, 2 NS-10 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance1, 2 NS-11 Pile Driving Operations1, 2 NS-12 Concrete Curing1, 3 NS-13 Concrete Finishing1, 3 NS-14 Material Over Water1, 2 NS-15 Demolition Adjacent to Water1, 2 NS-16 Temporary Batch Plants1, 3 1) BMP fact sheet updated in 2009 2) BMP fact sheet updated in 2011 3) BMP fact sheet updated in 2012 Section 4 Non-Stormwater Management and Material Management BMPs December 2019 CASQA Stormwater BMP Handbook 4-2 Construction www.casqa.org It is recommended that owners and contractors be vigilant regarding implementation of these BMPs, including making their implementation a condition of continued employment, and part of all prime and subcontract agreements. By doing so, the chance of inadvertent violation by an uncaring individual can be prevented, potentially saving thousands of dollars in fines and project delays. Also, if procedures are not properly implemented and/or if BMPs are compromised then the discharge may be subject to additional sampling and analysis requirements for non-visible pollutants contained in the General Permit. (See Section 2.5.5.) 4.2 Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control BMPs Waste management and materials pollution control BMPs, like non-stormwater management BMPs, are source control BMPs that prevent pollution by limiting or reducing potential pollutants at their source before they come in contact with stormwater. These BMPs also involve day-to-day operations of the construction site, and are under the control of the contractor, and are additional good housekeeping practices, which involve keeping a clean, orderly construction site. These BMPs are fundamental to water quality protection and all sites must implement waste management and/or materials pollution control non-stormwater BMPs appropriate for the construction activities being performed. Waste management consists of implementing procedural and structural BMPs for handling, storing, and disposing of wastes generated by a construction project to prevent the release of waste materials into stormwater runoff or discharges through proper management of the following types of wastes: Solid Sanitary Concrete Hazardous Equipment-related wastes Materials pollution control (also called materials handling) consists of implementing procedural and structural BMPs in the handling of, storing, and the using of construction materials. The BMPs are intended to prevent the release of pollutants during stormwater and non-stormwater discharges. The objective is to prevent or reduce the opportunity for contamination of Table 4-2 Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control BMPs BMP# BMP Name WM-1 Material Delivery and Storage1 WM-2 Material Use1 WM-3 Stockpile Management1, 2, 3 WM-4 Spill Prevention and Control1, 2 WM-5 Solid Waste Management1, 2 WM-6 Hazardous Waste Management1, 2 WM-7 Contaminated Soil Management1, 2 WM-8 Concrete Waste Management1, 3 WM-9 Sanitary/ Septic Waste Management1 WM-10 Liquid Waste Management1 1) BMP fact sheet updated in 2009 2) BMP fact sheet updated in 2011 3) BMP fact sheet updated in 2012 Section 4 Non-Stormwater Management and Material Management BMPs December 2019 CASQA Stormwater BMP Handbook 4-3 Construction www.casqa.org stormwater runoff from construction materials by covering and/or providing secondary containment of storage areas and/or by taking adequate precautions when handling materials. These controls must be implemented for all applicable activities, material usage, and site conditions. The discharge of construction materials or wastes from a site is prohibited. Table 4-2 lists the waste management and materials pollution control BMPs. It is important to note that these BMPs should be implemented depending on the conditions/applicability of deployment described as part of the BMP. 4.3 Fact Sheet Format A BMP fact sheet is a short document that presents detailed information about a particular BMP. Typically each fact sheet contains the information outlined in Figure 4-1. Completed fact sheets for each of the above activities are provided in Section 4.4. The fact sheets also contain side bar presentations with information on BMP categories, targeted constituents, removal effectiveness, and potential alternatives. 4.4 BMP Fact Sheets BMP fact sheets for non-stormwater management and waste management and materials pollution control follow. The BMP fact sheets are individually page numbered and are suitable for inclusions in SWPPPs. Copies of the fact sheets can be individually downloaded from the CASQA Online BMP Handbook at http://www.casqa.org. BMP fact sheets are guidance and intended to provide a range of information about the BMPs. The BMP fact sheets should not be interpreted as CGP requirements. CASQA recognizes that there may be alternative public domain and/or proprietary practices performing similar function. Alternative products should be evaluated for project-specific implementation and used if determined to be appropriate by the QSD. Fact sheets do not address site-specific implementation application needs and modifications. The QSD should provide site specific implementation requirements in the SWPPP. Example NS-xx Fact Sheet Description and Purpose Suitable Applications Limitations Implementation Costs Inspection and Maintenance References Figure 4-1 Example Fact Sheet Water Conservation Practices NS-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Water conservation practices are activities that use water during the construction of a project in a manner that avoids causing erosion and the transport of pollutants offsite. These practices can reduce or eliminate non-stormwater discharges. Suitable Applications Water conservation practices are suitable for all construction sites where water is used, including piped water, metered water, trucked water, and water from a reservoir. Limitations None identified. Implementation Keep water equipment in good working condition. Stabilize water truck filling area. Repair water leaks promptly. Washing of vehicles and equipment on the construction site is discouraged. Avoid using water to clean construction areas. If water must be used for cleaning or surface preparation, surface should be swept and vacuumed first to remove dirt. This will minimize amount of water required. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Water Conservation Practices NS-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Direct construction water runoff to areas where it can soak into the ground or be collected and used. Authorized non-stormwater discharges to the storm drain system, channels, or receiving waters are acceptable with the implementation of appropriate BMPs. Lock water tank valves to prevent unauthorized use. Costs The cost is small to none compared to the benefits of conserving water. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of authorized non-stormwater discharges. Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges are occuring. Repair water equipment as needed to prevent unintended discharges. - Water trucks - Water reservoirs (water buffalos) - Irrigation systems - Hydrant connections References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Dewatering operations are practices that manage the discharge of pollutants when non-stormwater and accumulated precipitation (stormwater) must be removed from a work location to proceed with construction work or to provide vector control. The General Permit incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for turbidity (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your ojec ik leel and if o ae bjec o hee requirements). Discharges from dewatering operations can contain high levels of fine sediment that, if not properly treated, could lead to exceedances of the General Permit requirements or Basin Plan standards. The dewatering operations described in this fact sheet are not Active Treatment Systems (ATS) and do not include the use of chemical coagulations, chemical flocculation or electrocoagulation. Suitable Applications These practices are implemented for discharges of non- stormwater from construction sites. Non-stormwaters include, but are not limited to, groundwater, water from cofferdams, water diversions, and waters used during construction activities that must be removed from a work area to facilitate construction. Practices identified in this section are also appropriate for implementation when managing the removal of accumulated Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives SE-5: Fiber Roll SE-6: Gravel Bag Berm If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org precipitation (stormwater) from depressed areas at a construction site. Stormwater mixed with non-stormwater should be managed as non-stormwater. Limitations Dewatering operations will require and should comply with applicable local and project- specific permits and regulations. In some areas, all dewatering activities, regardless of the discharge volume, require a dewatering permit. Site conditions will dictate design and use of dewatering operations. The controls discussed in this fact sheet primarily address sediment. Other secondary pollutant removal benefits are discussed where applicable. The controls detailed in this fact sheet only allow for minimal settling time for sediment particles. Use only when site conditions restrict the use of the other control methods. Avoid dewatering discharges where possible by using the water for dust control. Implementation A Construction Site Monitoring Plan (CSMP) should be included in the project Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Regions may require notification and approval prior to any discharge of water from construction sites. The destination of discharge from dewatering activities will typically determine the type of permit required for the discharge. For example, when discharging to a water of the U.S., a dewatering permit may be required through the ie governing RWQCB. When discharging to a sanitary sewer or Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4), a permit may need to be obtained from the owner of the sanitary sewer or MS4 in addition to obtaining an RWQCB dewatering permit. Additional permits or permissions from other agencies may be required for dewatering cofferdams or diversions. Dewatering discharges should not cause erosion at the discharge point. Appropriate BMPs should be implemented to maintain compliance with all applicable permits. Maintain dewatering records in accordance with all local and project-specific permits and regulations. Sediment Treatment A variety of methods can be used to treat water during dewatering operations. Several devices are presented below and provide options to achieve sediment removal. The sediment particle size and permit or receiving water limitations on sediment or turbidity are key considerations for selecting sediment treatment option(s); in some cases, the use of multiple devices may be appropriate. Use of other enhanced treatment methods (i.e., introduction of chemicals or electric current to enhance flocculation and removal of sediment) must comply with: 1) for storm drain or surface water discharges, the requirements for Active Treatment Systems (see SE-11); or 2) for sanitary sewer discharges, the requirements of applicable sanitary sewer discharge permits. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Sediment Basin (see also SE-2) Description: A sediment basin is a temporary basin with a controlled release structure that is formed by excavation or construction of an embankment to detain sediment-laden runoff and allow sediment to settle out before discharging. Sediment basins are generally larger than Sediment Traps (SE-3) and have a designed outlet structure. Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of trash, gravel, sand, silt, some metals that settle out with the sediment. Implementation: Excavation and construction of related facilities is required. Temporary sediment basins should be fenced if safety is a concern. Outlet protection is required to prevent erosion at the outfall location. Maintenance: Maintenance is required for safety fencing, vegetation, embankment, inlet and outlet, as well as other features. Removal of sediment is required when the storage volume is reduced by one-third. Sediment Trap (See also SE-3) Description: A sediment trap is a temporary basin formed by excavation and/or construction of an earthen embankment across a waterway or low drainage area to detain sediment-laden runoff and allow sediment to settle out before discharging. Sediment traps are generally smaller than Sediment Basins (SE-2) and do not have a designed outlet (but do have a spillway or overflow). Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of large and medium sized particles (sand and gravel) and some metals that settle out with the sediment. Implementation: Excavation and construction of related facilities is required. Trap inlets should be located to maximize the travel distance to the trap outlet. Use rock or vegetation to protect the trap outlets against erosion. Maintenance: Maintenance is required for vegetation, embankment, inlet and outfall structures, as well as other features. Removal of sediment is required when the storage volume is reduced by one-third. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Weir Tanks Description: A weir tank separates water and waste by using weirs. The configuration of the weirs (over and under weirs) maximizes the residence time in the tank and determines the waste to be removed from the water, such as oil, grease, and sediments. Appropriate Applications: The tank removes trash, some settleable solids (gravel, sand, and silt), some visible oil and grease, and some metals (removed with sediment). To achieve high levels of flow, multiple tanks can be used in parallel. If additional treatment is desired, the tanks can be placed in series or as pre-treatment for other methods. Implementation: Tanks are delivered to the site by the vendor, who can provide assistance with set-up and operation. Tank size will depend on flow volume, constituents of concern, and residency period required. Vendors should be consulted to appropriately size tank. Treatment capacity (i.e., volume and number of tanks) should provide at a minimum the required volume for discrete particle settling for treatment design flows. Maintenance: Periodic cleaning is required based on visual inspection or reduced flow. Oil and grease disposal should be conducted by a licensed waste disposal company. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Dewatering Tanks Description: A dewatering tank removes debris and sediment. Flow enters the tank through the top, passes through a fabric filter, and is discharged through the bottom of the tank. The filter separates the solids from the liquids. Appropriate Applications: The tank removes trash, gravel, sand, and silt, some visible oil and grease, and some metals (removed with sediment). To achieve high levels of flow, multiple tanks can be used in parallel. If additional treatment is desired, the tanks can be placed in series or as pre- treatment for other methods. Implementation: Tanks are delivered to the site by the vendor, who can provide assistance with set-up and operation. Tank size will depend on flow volume, constituents of concern, and residency period required. Vendors should be consulted to appropriately size tank. Maintenance: Periodic cleaning is required based on visual inspection or reduced flow. Oil and grease disposal should be conducted by licensed waste disposal company. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Gravity Bag Filter Description: A gravity bag filter, also referred to as a dewatering bag, is a square or rectangular bag made of non-woven geotextile fabric that collects gravel, sand, silt, and fines. Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of sediments (gravel, sand, silt, and fines). Some metals are removed with the sediment. Implementation: Water is pumped into one side of the bag and seeps through the top, bottom, and sides of the bag. Place filter bag on pavement or a gravel bed or paved surface. Avoid placing a dewatering bag on unprotected bare soil. If placing the bag on bare soil is unavoidable, a secondary barrier should be used, such as a rock filter bed placed beneath and beyond the edges of the bag to, prevent erosion and capture sediments that escape the bag. Perimeter control around the downstream end of the bag should be implemented. Secondary sediment controls are important especially in the initial stages of discharge, which tend to allow fines to pass through the bag. Maintenance: Inspection of the flow conditions, bag condition, bag capacity, and the secondary barrier (as applicable) is required. Replace the bag when it no longer filters sediment or passes water at a reasonable rate. Caution should be taken when removing and disposing of the bag, to prevent the release of captured sediment Properly dispose of the bag offsite. If sediment is removed from the bag prior to disposal (bags can potentially be reused depending upon their condition), dispose of sediment in accordance with the general maintenance procedures described at the end of this BMP Fact Sheet. FLOW FILTERED WATER PUMP DISCHARGE HOSE AVAILABLE IN VARIOUS SHAPES AND SIZES FOR SEDIMENT CONTAINMENT DEWATERING BAG TIE DOWN STRAP WATER PUMP Place filter on gravel or pavement Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Sand Media Particulate Filter Description: Water is treated by passing it through canisters filled with sand media. Generally, sand filters provide a final level of treatment. They are often used as a secondary or higher level of treatment after a significant amount of sediment and other pollutants have been removed using other methods. Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of trash, gravel, sand, and silt and some metals, as well as the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and turbidity. Sand filters can be used for stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with bag and cartridge filtration if further treatment is required. Sand filters can also be used to provide additional treatment to water treated via settling or basic filtration. Implementation: The filters require delivery to the site and initial set up. The vendor can provide assistance with installation and operation. Maintenance: The filters require regular service to monitor and maintain the level of the sand media. If subjected to high loading rates, filters can plug quickly. Venders generally provide data on maximum head loss through the filter. The filter should be monitored daily while in use and cleaned when head loss reaches target levels. If cleaned by backwashing, the backwash water may need to be hauled away for disposal or returned to the upper end of the treatment train for another pass through the series of dewatering BMPs. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Pressurized Bag Filter Description: A pressurized bag filter is a unit composed of single filter bags made from polyester felt material. The water filters through the unit and is discharged through a header. Vendors provide bag filters in a variety of configurations. Some units include a combination of bag filters and cartridge filters for enhanced contaminant removal. Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of sediment (sand and silt) and some metals, as well as the reduction of BOD, turbidity, and hydrocarbons. Oil absorbent bags are available for hydrocarbon removal. Filters can be used to provide secondary treatment to water treated via settling or basic filtration. Implementation: The filters require delivery to the site and initial set up. The vendor can provide assistance with installation and operation. Maintenance: The filter bags require replacement when the pressure differential equals or exceeds the manface ecommendaion. Pressurized Bag Filter Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Cartridge Filter Description: Cartridge filters provide a high degree of pollutant removal by utilizing a number of individual cartridges as part of a larger filtering unit. They are often used as a secondary or higher (polishing) level of treatment after a significant amount of sediment and other pollutants are removed. Units come with various cartridge configurations (for use in series with bag filters) or with a larger single cartridge filtration unit (with multiple filters within). Appropriate Applications: Effective for the removal of sediment (sand, silt, and some clays) and metals, as well as the reduction of BOD, turbidity, and hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons can effectively be removed with special resin cartridges. Filters can be used to provide secondary treatment to water treated via settling or basic filtration. Implementation: The filters require delivery to the site and initial set up. The vendor can provide assistance. Maintenance: The cartridges require replacement when the pressure differential equals or exceeds the manface ecommendaion. Costs Sediment control costs vary considerably depending on the dewatering and sediment treatment system that is selected. Pressurized filters tend to be more expensive than gravity settling but are often more effective. Simple tanks are generally rented on a long-term basis (one or more months) and can range from $460 per month for a 1,000-gallon tank to $3,400 per month for a 10,000-gallon tank (adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech Inc.). Mobilization and demobilization costs vary considerably. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that dewatering BMPs are in place and functioning prior to the commencement of activities requiring dewatering. Inspect dewatering BMPs daily while dewatering activities are being conducted. Dewatering Operations NS-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect all equipment before use. Monitor dewatering operations to ensure they do not cause offsite discharge or erosion. Sample dewatering discharges as required by the General Permit. Unit-specific maintenance requirements are included with the description of each unit. Sediment removed during the maintenance of a dewatering device may be either spread onsite and stabilized or disposed of at a disposal site as approved by the owner. Sediment that is commingled with other pollutants should be disposed of in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations and as approved by the owner. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003; Updated March 2004. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Labor Surcharge & Equipment Rental Rates, April 1, 2002 through March 31, 2003, California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Paving and Grinding Operations NS-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from paving operations, using measures to prevent runon and runoff pollution, properly disposing of wastes, and training employees and subcontractors. The General Permit incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for pH and turbidity (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your project’s risk level and if you are subject to these requirements). Many types of construction materials associated with paving and grinding operations, including mortar, concrete, and cement and their associated wastes have basic chemical properties that can raise pH levels outside of the permitted range. Additional care should be taken when managing these materials to prevent them from coming into contact with stormwater flows, which could lead to exceedances of the General Permit requirements. Suitable Applications These procedures are implemented where paving, surfacing, resurfacing, or sawcutting, may pollute stormwater runoff or discharge to the storm drain system or watercourses. Limitations Paving opportunities may be limited during wet weather. Discharges of freshly paved surfaces may raise pH to environmentally harmful levels and trigger permit violations. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Paving and Grinding Operations NS-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation General Avoid paving during the wet season when feasible. Reschedule paving and grinding activities if rain is forecasted. Train employees and sub-contractors in pollution prevention and reduction. Store materials away from drainage courses to prevent stormwater runon (see WM-1, Material Delivery and Storage). Protect drainage courses, particularly in areas with a grade, by employing BMPs to divert runoff or to trap and filter sediment. Stockpile material removed from roadways away from drain inlets, drainage ditches, and watercourses. These materials should be stored consistent with WM-3, Stockpile Management. Disposal of PCC (Portland cement concrete) and AC (asphalt concrete) waste should be in conformance with WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Saw Cutting, Grinding, and Pavement Removal Shovel or vacuum saw-cut slurry and remove from site. Cover or barricade storm drains during saw cutting to contain slurry. When paving involves AC, the following steps should be implemented to prevent the discharge of grinding residue, uncompacted or loose AC, tack coats, equipment cleaners, or unrelated paving materials: - AC grindings, pieces, or chunks used in embankments or shoulder backing should not be allowed to enter any storm drains or watercourses. Install inlet protection and perimeter controls until area is stabilized (i.e. cutting, grinding or other removal activities are complete and loose material has been properly removed and disposed of)or permanent controls are in place. Examples of temporary perimeter controls can be found in EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales; SE-1, Silt Fence; SE-5, Fiber Rolls, or SE-13 Compost Socks and Berms - Collect and remove all broken asphalt and recycle when practical. Old or spilled asphalt should be recycled or disposed of properly. Do not allow saw-cut slurry to enter storm drains or watercourses. Residue from grinding operations should be picked up by a vacuum attachment to the grinding machine, or by sweeping, should not be allowed to flow across the pavement, and should not be left on the surface of the pavement. See also WM-8, Concrete Waste Management, and WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. Pavement removal activities should not be conducted in the rain. Collect removed pavement material by mechanical or manual methods. This material may be recycled for use as shoulder backing or base material. Paving and Grinding Operations NS-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org If removed pavement material cannot be recycled, transport the material back to an approved storage site. Asphaltic Concrete Paving If paving involves asphaltic cement concrete, follow these steps: - Do not allow sand or gravel placed over new asphalt to wash into storm drains, streets, or creeks. Vacuum or sweep loose sand and gravel and properly dispose of this waste by referring to WM-5, Solid Waste Management. - Old asphalt should be disposed of properly. Collect and remove all broken asphalt from the site and recycle whenever possible. Portland Cement Concrete Paving Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into a storm drain system. Collect waste materials by dry methods, such as sweeping or shoveling, and return to aggregate base stockpile or dispose of properly. Allow aggregate rinse to settle. Then, either allow rinse water to dry in a temporary pit as described in WM-8, Concrete Waste Management, or pump the water to the sanitary sewer if authorized by the local wastewater authority. Sealing Operations During chip seal application and sweeping operations, petroleum or petroleum covered aggregate should not be allowed to enter any storm drain or water courses. Apply temporary perimeter controls until structure is stabilized (i.e. all sealing operations are complete and cured and loose materials have been properly removed and disposed). Inlet protection (SE-10, Storm Drain Inlet Protection) should be used during application of seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, and fog seal. Seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, or fog seal should not be applied if rainfall is predicted to occur during the application or curing period. Paving Equipment Leaks and spills from paving equipment can contain toxic levels of heavy metals and oil and grease. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when not in use. Clean up spills with absorbent materials and dispose of in accordance with the applicable regulations. See NS-10, Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance, WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control, and WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. Substances used to coat asphalt transport trucks and asphalt spreading equipment should not contain soap and should be non-foaming and non-toxic. Paving equipment parked onsite should be parked over plastic to prevent soil contamination. Clean asphalt coated equipment offsite whenever possible. When cleaning dry, hardened asphalt from equipment, manage hardened asphalt debris as described in WM-5, Solid Waste Management. Any cleaning onsite should follow NS-8, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning. Paving and Grinding Operations NS-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Thermoplastic Striping Thermoplastic striper and pre-heater equipment shutoff valves should be inspected to ensure that they are working properly to prevent leaking thermoplastic from entering drain inlets, the stormwater drainage system, or watercourses. Pre-heaters should be filled carefully to prevent splashing or spilling of hot thermoplastic. Leave six inches of space at the top of the pre-heater container when filling thermoplastic to allow room for material to move. Do not pre-heat, transfer, or load thermoplastic near drain inlets or watercourses. Clean truck beds daily of loose debris and melted thermoplastic. When possible, recycle thermoplastic material. Raised/Recessed Pavement Marker Application and Removal Do not transfer or load bituminous material near drain inlets, the stormwater drainage system, or watercourses. Melting tanks should be loaded with care and not filled to beyond six inches from the top to leave room for splashing. When servicing or filling melting tanks, ensure all pressure is released before removing lids to avoid spills. On large-scale projects, use mechanical or manual methods to collect excess bituminous material from the roadway after removal of markers. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of paving and grinding operations. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Sample stormwater runoff required by the General Permit. Keep ample supplies of drip pans or absorbent materials onsite. Inspect and maintain machinery regularly to minimize leaks and drips. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Paving and Grinding Operations NS-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Hot Mix Asphalt-Paving Handbook AC 150/5370-14, Appendix I, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, July 1991. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose A temporary stream crossing is a temporary culvert, ford or bridge placed across a waterway to provide access for construction purposes for a period of less than one year. Temporary access crossings are not intended to maintain traffic for the public. The temporary access will eliminate erosion and downstream sedimentation caused by vehicles. Suitable Applications Temporary stream crossings should be installed at all designated crossings of perennial and intermittent streams on the construction site, as well as for dry channels that may be significantly eroded by construction traffic. Temporary streams crossings are installed at sites: Where appropriate permits have been secured (404 Permits, and 401 Certifications) Where construction equipment or vehicles need to frequently cross a waterway When alternate access routes impose significant constraints When crossing perennial streams or waterways causes significant erosion Where construction activities will not last longer than one year Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Where appropriate permits have been obtained for the stream crossing Limitations The following limitations may apply: Installation and removal will usually disturb the waterway. Installation may require Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) 401 Certification, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit and approval by California Department of Fish and Game. If numerical-based water quality standards are mentioned in any of these and other related permits, testing and sampling may be required. Installation may require dewatering or temporary diversion of the stream. See NS-2, Dewatering Operations and NS-5, Clear Water Diversion. Installation may cause a constriction in the waterway, which can obstruct flood flow and cause flow backups or washouts. If improperly designed, flow backups can increase the pollutant load through washouts and scouring. Use of natural or other gravel in the stream for construction of Cellular Confinement System (CCS) ford crossing will be contingent upon approval by fisheries agencies. Ford crossings may degrade water quality due to contact with vehicles and equipment. May be expensive for a temporary improvement. Requires other BMPs to minimize soil disturbance during installation and removal. Fords should only be used in dry weather. Implementation General The purpose of this BMP is to provide a safe, erosion-free access across a stream for construction equipment. Minimum standards and specifications for the design, construction, maintenance, and removal of the structure should be established by an engineer registered in California. Temporary stream crossings may be necessary to prevent construction equipment from causing erosion of the stream and tracking sediment and other pollutants into the stream. Temporary stream crossings are used as access points to construction sites when other detour routes may be too long or burdensome for the construction equipment. Often heavy construction equipment must cross streams or creeks, and detour routes may impose too many constraints such as being too narrow or poor soil strength for the equipment loadings. Additionally, the contractor may find a temporary stream crossing more economical for light– duty vehicles to use for frequent crossings and may have less environmental impact than construction of a temporary access road. Location of the temporary stream crossing should address: Site selection where erosion potential is low. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Areas where the side slopes from site runoff will not spill into the side slopes of the crossing. The following types of temporary stream crossings should be considered: Culverts – A temporary culvert is effective in controlling erosion but will cause erosion during installation and removal. A temporary culvert can be easily constructed and allows for heavy equipment loads. Fords - Appropriate during the dry season in arid areas. Used on dry washes and ephemeral streams, and low-flow perennial streams. CCS, a type of ford crossing, is also appropriate for use in streams that would benefit from an influx of gravels. A temporary ford provides little sediment and erosion control and is ineffective in controlling erosion in the stream channel. A temporary ford is the least expensive stream crossing and allows for maximum load limits. It also offers very low maintenance. Fords are more appropriate during the dry ice season and in arid areas of California. Bridges - Appropriate for streams with high flow velocities, steep gradients and where temporary restrictions in the channel are not allowed. Design During the long summer construction season in much of California, rainfall is infrequent, and many streams are dry. Under these conditions, a temporary ford may be sufficient. A ford is not appropriate if construction will continue through the winter rainy season, if summer thunderstorms are likely, or if the stream flows during most of the year. Temporary culverts and bridges should then be considered and, if used, should be sized to pass a significant design storm (i.e., at least a 10-year storm). The temporary stream crossing should be protected against erosion, both to prevent excessive sedimentation in the stream and to prevent washout of the crossing. Design and installation requires knowledge of stream flows and soil strength. Designs should be prepared under direction of, and approved by, a registered civil engineer and for bridges, a registered structural engineer. Both hydraulic and construction loading requirements should be considered with the following: Comply with any special requirements for culvert and bridge crossings, particularly if the temporary stream crossing will remain through the rainy season. Provide stability in the crossing and adjacent areas to withstand the design flow. The design flow and safety factor should be selected based on careful evaluation of the risks due to over topping, flow backups, or washout. Install sediment traps immediately downstream of crossings to capture sediments. See SE-3, Sediment Trap. Avoid oil or other potentially hazardous materials for surface treatment. Culverts are relatively easy to construct and able to support heavy equipment loads. Fords are the least expensive of the crossings, with maximum load limits. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org CCS crossing structures consist of clean, washed gravel and cellular confinement system blocks. CCS are appropriate for streams that would benefit from an influx of gravel; for example, salmonid streams, streams or rivers below reservoirs, and urban, channelized streams. Many urban stream systems are gravel-deprived due to human influences, such as dams, gravel mines, and concrete channels. CCS allow designers to use either angular or naturally occurring rounded gravel, because the cells provide the necessary structure and stability. In fact, natural gravel is optimal for this technique, because of the habitat improvement it will provide after removal of the CCS. A gravel depth of 6 to 12 in. for a CCS structure is sufficient to support most construction equipment. An advantage of a CCS crossing structure is that relatively little rock or gravel is needed, because the CCS provides the stability. Bridges are generally more expensive to design and construct but provide the least disturbance of the streambed and constriction of the waterway flows. Construction and Use Stabilize construction roadways, adjacent work area, and stream bottom against erosion. Construct during dry periods to minimize stream disturbance and reduce costs. Construct at or near the natural elevation of the streambed to prevent potential flooding upstream of the crossing. Install temporary erosion control BMPs in accordance with erosion control BMP fact sheets to minimize erosion of embankment into flow lines. Any temporary artificial obstruction placed within flowing water should only be built from material, such as clean gravel or sandbags, that will not introduce sediment or silt into the watercourse. Temporary water body crossings and encroachments should be constructed to minimize scour. Cobbles used for temporary water body crossings or encroachments should be clean, rounded river cobble. Vehicles and equipment should not be driven, operated, fueled, cleaned, maintained, or stored in the wet or dry portions of a water body where wetland vegetation, riparian vegetation, or aquatic organisms may be destroyed. The exterior of vehicles and equipment that will encroach on the water body within the project should be maintained free of grease, oil, fuel, and residues. Drip pans should be placed under all vehicles and equipment placed on docks, barges, or other structures over water bodies when the vehicle or equipment is planned to be idle for more than one hour. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Disturbance or removal of vegetation should not exceed the minimum necessary to complete operations. Precautions should be taken to avoid damage to vegetation by people or equipment. Disturbed vegetation should be replaced with the appropriate soil stabilization measures. Riparian vegetation, when removed pursuant to the provisions of the work, should be cut off no lower than ground level to promote rapid re-growth. Access roads and work areas built over riparian vegetation should be covered by a sufficient layer of clean river run cobble to prevent damage to the underlying soil and root structure. The cobble must be removed upon completion of project activities. Conceptual temporary stream crossings are shown in the attached figures. Costs Caltrans Construction Cost index for temporary bridge crossings is $58-$122/ft2 (costs adjusted for inflation, 2016 dollars, by Tetra Tech Inc.). Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Check for blockage in the channel, sediment buildup or trapped debris in culverts, blockage behind fords or under bridges. Check for erosion of abutments, channel scour, riprap displacement, or piping in the soil. Check for structural weakening of the temporary crossings, such as cracks, and undermining of foundations and abutments. Remove sediment that collects behind fords, in culverts, and under bridges periodically. Replace lost or displaced aggregate from inlets and outlets of culverts and cellular confinement systems. Remove temporary crossing promptly when it is no longer needed. References California Bank and Shore Rock Slope Protection Design – Practitioners Guide and Field Evaluations of Riprap Methods, Caltrans Study No. F90TL03, October 2000. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary Stream Crossing NS-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 8 Construction www.casqa.org Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Clear water diversion consists of a system of structures and measures that intercept clear surface water runoff upstream of a project, transport it around the work area, and discharge it downstream with minimal water quality degradation from either the project construction operations or the construction of the diversion. Clear water diversions are used in a waterway to enclose a construction area and reduce sediment pollution from construction work occurring in or adjacent to water. Structures commonly used as part of this system include diversion ditches, berms, dikes, slope drains, rock, gravel bags, wood, aqua barriers, cofferdams, filter fabric or turbidity curtains, drainage and interceptor swales, pipes, or flumes. Suitable Applications A clear water diversion is typically implemented where appropriate permits (1601 Agreement) have been secured and work must be performed in a flowing stream or water body. Clear water diversions are appropriate for isolating construction activities occurring within or near a water body such as streambank stabilization, or culvert, bridge, pier or abutment installation. They may also be used in combination with other methods, such as clear water bypasses and/or pumps. Pumped diversions are suitable for intermittent and low flow streams. Excavation of a temporary bypass channel or passing the flow through a heavy pipe (called a “flume”) with a trench Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org excavated under it, is appropriate for the diversion of streams less than 20 ft wide, with flow rates less than 100 cfs. Clear water diversions incorporating clean washed gravel may be appropriate for use in salmonid spawning streams. Limitations Diversion and encroachment activities will usually disturb the waterway during installation and removal of diversion structures. Installation may require Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) 401 Certification, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit and approval by California Department of Fish and Game. If numerical-based water quality standards are mentioned in any of these and other related permits, testing and sampling may be required. Diversion and encroachment activities may constrict the waterway, which can obstruct flood flows and cause flooding or washouts. Diversion structures should not be installed without identifying potential impacts to the stream channel. Diversion or isolation activities are not appropriate in channels where there is insufficient stream flow to support aquatic species in the area dewatered as a result of the diversion. Diversion or isolation activities are inappropriate in deep water unless designed or reviewed by an engineer registered in California. Diversion or isolation activities should not completely dam stream flow. Dewatering and removal may require additional sediment control or water treatment. See NS-2, Dewatering Operations. Not appropriate if installation, maintenance, and removal of the structures will disturb sensitive aquatic species of concern. Implementation General Implement guidelines presented in EC-12, Streambank Stabilization to minimize impacts to streambanks. Where working areas encroach on flowing streams, barriers adequate to prevent the flow of muddy water into streams should be constructed and maintained between working areas and streams. During construction of the barriers, muddying of streams should be held to a minimum. Diversion structures must be adequately designed to accommodate fluctuations in water depth or flow volume due to tides, storms, flash floods, etc. Heavy equipment driven in wet portions of a water body to accomplish work should be completely clean of petroleum residue, and water levels should be below the fuel tanks, gearboxes, and axles of the equipment unless lubricants and fuels are sealed such that inundation by water will not result in discharges of fuels, oils, greases, or hydraulic fluids. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Excavation equipment buckets may reach out into the water for the purpose of removing or placing fill materials. Only the bucket of the crane/ excavator/backhoe may operate in a water body. The main body of the crane/excavator/backhoe should not enter the water body except as necessary to cross the stream to access the work site. Stationary equipment such as motors and pumps located within or adjacent to a water body, should be positioned over drip pans. When any artificial obstruction is being constructed, maintained, or placed in operation, sufficient water should, at all times, be allowed to pass downstream to maintain aquatic life. Equipment should not be parked below the high-water mark unless allowed by a permit. Disturbance or removal of vegetation should not exceed the minimum necessary to complete operations. Precautions should be taken to avoid damage to vegetation by people or equipment. Disturbed vegetation should be replaced with the appropriate erosion control measures. Riparian vegetation approved for trimming as part of the project should be cut off no lower than ground level to promote rapid re-growth. Access roads and work areas built over riparian vegetation should be covered by a sufficient layer of clean river run cobble to prevent damage to the underlying soil and root structure. The cobble should be removed upon completion of project activities. Drip pans should be placed under all vehicles and equipment placed on docks, barges, or other structures over water bodies when the vehicle or equipment is planned to be idle for more than 1 hour. Where possible, avoid or minimize diversion and encroachment impacts by scheduling construction during periods of low flow or when the stream is dry. Scheduling should also consider seasonal releases of water from dams, fish migration and spawning seasons, and water demands due to crop irrigation. Construct diversion structures with materials free of potential pollutants such as soil, silt, sand, clay, grease, or oil. Temporary Diversions and Encroachments Construct diversion channels in accordance with EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales. In high flow velocity areas, stabilize slopes of embankments and diversion ditches using an appropriate liner, in accordance with EC-7, Geotextiles and Mats, or use rock slope protection. Where appropriate, use natural streambed materials such as large cobbles and boulders for temporary embankment and slope protection, or other temporary soil stabilization methods. Provide for velocity dissipation at transitions in the diversion, such as the point where the stream is diverted to the channel and the point where the diverted stream is returned to its natural channel. See also EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Devices. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary Dry Construction Areas When dewatering behind temporary structures to create a temporary dry construction area, such as cofferdams, pass pumped water through a sediment-settling device, such as a portable tank or settling basin, before returning water to the water body. See also NS-2, Dewatering Operations. Any substance used to assemble or maintain diversion structures, such as form oil, should be non-toxic and non-hazardous. Any material used to minimize seepage underneath diversion structures, such as grout, should be non-toxic, non-hazardous, and as close to a neutral pH as possible. Comparison of Diversion and Isolation Techniques: Gravel bags are relatively inexpensive, but installation and removal can be labor intensive. It is also difficult to dewater the isolated area. Sandbags should not be used for this technique in rivers or streams, as sand should never be put into or adjacent to a stream, even if encapsulated in geotextile. Gravel Bag Berms (SE-6) used in conjunction with an impermeable membrane are cost effective and can be dewatered relatively easily. If spawning gravel is used, the impermeable membrane can be removed from the stream, and the gravel can be spread out and left as salmonid spawning habitat if approved in the permit. Only clean, washed gravel should be used for both the gravel bag and gravel berm techniques. Cofferdams are relatively expensive, but frequently allow full dewatering. Also, many options now available are relatively easy to install. Sheet pile enclosures are a much more expensive solution but do allow full dewatering. This technique is not well suited to small streams, but can be effective on large rivers or lakes, and where staging and heavy equipment access areas are available. K-rails are an isolation method that does not allow full dewatering, but can be used in small to large watercourses, and in fast-water situations. A relatively inexpensive isolation method is filter fabric isolation. This method involves placement of gravel bags or continuous berms to ‘key-in the fabric, and subsequently staking the fabric in place. This method should be used in relatively calm water and can be used in smaller streams. Note that this is not a dewatering method, but rather a sediment isolation method. Turbidity curtains should be used where sediment discharge to a stream is unavoidable. They can also be used for in-stream construction, when dewatering an area is not required. When used in watercourses or streams, cofferdams must be used in accordance with permit requirements. Manufactured diversion structures should be installed following manufacturers specifications. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Filter fabric and turbidity curtain isolation installation methods can be found in the specific technique descriptions that follow. Filter Fabric Isolation Technique Definition and Purpose A filter fabric isolation structure is a temporary structure built into a waterway to enclose a construction area and reduce sediment pollution from construction work in or adjacent to water. This structure is composed of filter fabric, gravel bags, and steel t-posts. Appropriate Applications Filter fabric may be used for construction activities such as streambank stabilization, or culvert, bridge, pier or abutment installation. It may also be used in combination with other methods, such as clean water bypasses and/or pumps. Filter fabric isolation is relatively inexpensive. This method involves placement of gravel bags or continuous berms to ‘key-in the fabric, and subsequently staking the fabric in place. If spawning gravel is used, all other components of the isolation can be removed from the stream, and the gravel may be spread out and left as salmonid spawning habitat if approved in the permit. Whether spawning gravel or other types of gravel are used, only clean washed gravel should be used as infill for the gravel bags or continuous berm. This method should be used in relatively calm water and can be used in smaller streams. This is not a dewatering method, but rather a sediment isolation method. Water levels inside and outside the fabric curtain must be about the same, as differential heads will cause the curtain to collapse. Limitations Do not use if the installation, maintenance and removal of the structures will disturb sensitive aquatic species of concern. Filter fabrics are not appropriate for projects where dewatering is necessary. Filter fabrics are not appropriate to completely dam stream flow. Design and Installation For the filter fabric isolation method, a non-woven or heavy-duty fabric is recommended over standard silt fence. Using rolled geotextiles allows non-standard widths to be used. Anchor filter fabric with gravel bags filled with clean, washed gravel. Do not use sand. If a bag should split open, the gravel can be left in the stream, where it can provide aquatic habitat benefits. If a sandbag splits open in a watercourse, the sand could cause a decrease in water quality, and could bury sensitive aquatic habitat. Another anchor alternative is a continuous berm, made with the Continuous Berm Machine. This is a gravel-filled bag that can be made in very long segments. The length of the berms is usually limited to 18 ft for ease of handling (otherwise, it gets too heavy to move). Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Place the fabric on the bottom of the stream, and place either a bag of clean, washed gravel or a continuous berm over the bottom of the silt fence fabric, such that a bag -width of fabric lies on the stream bottom. The bag should be placed on what will be the outside of the isolation area. Pull the fabric up and place a metal t-post immediately behind the fabric, on the inside of the isolation area; attach the silt fence to the post with three diagonal nylon ties. Continue placing fabric as described above until the entire work area has been isolated, staking the fabric at least every 6 ft. Inspection and Maintenance Immediately repair any gaps, holes or scour. Remove and properly dispose of sediment buildup. Remove BMP upon completion of construction activity. Recycle or reuse if applicable. Revegetate areas disturbed by BMP removal if needed. Turbidity Curtain Isolation Technique Definition and Purpose A turbidity curtain is a fabric barrier used to isolate the near shore work area. The barriers are intended to confine the suspended sediment. The curtain is a floating barrier, and thus does not prevent water from entering the isolated area; rather, it prevents suspended sediment from getting out. Appropriate Applications Turbidity curtains should be used where sediment discharge to a stream is unavoidable. They are used when construction activities adjoin quiescent waters, such as lakes, ponds, and slow flowing rivers. The curtains are designed to deflect and contain sediment within a limited area and provide sufficient retention time so that the sediment particles will fall out of suspension. Limitations Turbidity curtains should not be used in flowing water; they are best suited for use in ponds, lakes, and very slow-moving rivers. Turbidity curtains should not be placed across the width of a channel. Removing sediment that has been deflected and settled out by the curtain may create a discharge problem through the resuspension of particles and by accidental dumping by the removal equipment. Design and Installation Turbidity curtains should be oriented parallel to the direction of flow. The curtain should extend the entire depth of the watercourse in calm-water situations. In wave conditions, the curtain should extend to within 1 ft of the bottom of the watercourse, such that the curtain does not stir up sediment by hitting the bottom repeatedly. If it is Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org desirable for the curtain to reach the bottom in an active-water situation, a pervious filter fabric may be used for the bottom 1 ft. The top of the curtain should consist of flexible flotation buoys, and the bottom should be held down by a load line incorporated into the curtain fabric. The fabric should be a brightly colored impervious mesh. The curtain should be held in place by anchors placed at least every 100 ft. First, place the anchors, then tow the fabric out in a furled condition, and connect to the anchors. The anchors should be connected to the flotation devices, and not to the bottom of the curtain. Once in place, cut the furling lines, and allow the bottom of the curtain to sink. Consideration must be given to the probable outcome of the removal procedure. It must be determined if it will create more of a sediment problem through re-suspension of the particles or by accidental dumping of material during removal. It is recommended that the soil particles trapped by the turbidity curtain only be removed if there has been a significant change in the original contours of the affected area in the watercourse. Particles should always be allowed to settle for a minimum of 6 to 12 hours prior to their removal or prior to removal of the turbidity curtain. Maintenance and Inspection: The curtain should be inspected for holes or other problems, and any repairs needed should be made promptly. Allow sediment to settle for 6 to 12 hours prior to removal of sediment or curtain. This means that after removing sediment, wait an additional 6 to 12 hours before removing the curtain. To remove, install furling lines along the curtain, detach from anchors, and tow out of the water. K-rail River Isolation Definition and Purpose This temporary sediment control or stream isolation method uses K-rails to form the sediment deposition area, or to isolate the in-stream or near-bank construction area. Barriers are placed end-to-end in a pre-designed configuration and gravel-filled bags are used at the toe of the barrier and at their abutting ends to seal and prevent movement of sediment beneath or through the barrier walls. Appropriate Applications The K-rail isolation can be used in streams with higher water velocities than many other isolation techniques. This technique is also useful at the toe of embankments and cut or fill slopes. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 8 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations The K-rail method should not be used to dewater a project site, as the barrier is not watertight. Design and Installation To create a floor for the K-rail, move large rocks and obstructions. Place washed gravel and gravel-filled bags to create a level surface for K-rails to sit. Washed gravel should always be used. Place the bottom two K-rails adjacent to each other, and parallel to the direction of flow; fill the center portion with gravel bags. Then place the third K-rail on top of the bottom two. There should be sufficient gravel bags between the bottom K-rails such that the top rail is supported by the gravel. Place plastic sheeting around the K-rails, and secure at the bottom with gravel bags. Further support can be added by pinning and cabling the K-rails together. Also, large riprap and boulders can be used to support either side of the K-rail, especially where there is strong current. Inspection and Maintenance: The barrier should be inspected, and any leaks, holes, or other problems should be addressed immediately. Sediment should be allowed to settle for at least 6 to 12 hours prior to removal of sediment, and for 6 to 12 hours prior to removal of the barrier. Stream Diversions The selection of which stream diversion technique to use will depend upon the type of work involved, physical characteristics of the site, and the volume of water flowing through the project. Advantages of a Pumped Diversion Downstream sediment transport can be nearly eliminated. Dewatering of the work area is possible. Pipes can be moved around to allow construction operations. The dams can serve as temporary access to the site. Increased flows can be managed by adding more pumping capacity. Disadvantages of a Pumped Diversion Flow volume is limited by pump capacity. A pumped diversion requires 24-hour monitoring of pumps. Sudden rain could overtop dams. Erosion at the outlet. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 9 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Minor in-stream disturbance is required to install and remove dams. Advantages of Excavated Channels and Flumes Excavated channels isolate work from water flow and allow dewatering. Excavated channels can handle larger flows than pumps. Disadvantages of Excavated Channels and Flumes Bypass channel or flume must be sized to handle flows, including possible floods. Channels must be protected from erosion. Flow diversion and re-direction with small dams involves in-stream disturbance and mobilization of sediment. Design and Installation Installation guidelines will vary based on existing site conditions and type of diversion used. Pump capacity must be sufficient for design flow. A standby pump is required in case a primary pump fails. Dam materials used to create dams upstream and downstream of diversion should be erosion resistant; materials such as steel plate, sheet pile, sandbags, continuous berms, inflatable water bladders, etc., would be acceptable. When constructing a diversion channel, begin excavation of the channel at the proposed downstream end, and work upstream. Once the watercourse to be diverted is reached and the excavated channel is stable, breach the upstream end and allow water to flow down the new channel. Once flow has been established in the diversion channel, install the diversion weir in the main channel; this will force all water to be diverted from the main channel. Inspection and Maintenance Pumped diversions require 24-hour monitoring of pumps. Inspect embankments and diversion channels for damage to the linings, accumulating debris, sediment buildup, and adequacy of the slope protection. Remove debris and repair linings and slope protection as required. Remove holes, gaps, or scour. Upon completion of work, the diversion or isolation structure should be removed, and flow should be redirected through the new culvert or back into the original stream channel. Recycle or reuse if applicable. Revegetate areas disturbed by BMP removal if needed. Costs Costs of clear water diversion vary considerably and can be very high. Clear Water Diversion NS-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 10 of 10 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Refer to BMP-specific inspection and maintenance requirements. References California Bank and Shore Rock Slope Protection Design – Practitioners Guide and Field Evaluations of Riprap Methods, Caltrans Study No. F90TL03, October 2000. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Illicit Connection/Discharge NS-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Procedures and practices designed for construction contractors to recognize illicit connections or illegally dumped or discharged materials on a construction site and report incidents. Suitable Applications This best management practice (BMP) applies to all construction projects. Illicit connection/discharge and reporting is applicable anytime an illicit connection or discharge is discovered, or illegally dumped material is found on the construction site. Limitations Illicit connections and illegal discharges or dumping, for the purposes of this BMP, refer to discharges and dumping caused by parties other than the contractor. If pre-existing hazardous materials or wastes are known to exist onsite, they should be identified in the SWPPP and handled as set forth in the SWPPP. Implementation Planning Review the SWPPP. Pre-existing areas of contamination should be identified and documented in the SWPPP. Inspect site before beginning the job for evidence of illicit connections, illegal dumping or discharges. Document any pre-existing conditions and notify the owner. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Illicit Connection/Discharge NS-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect site regularly during project execution for evidence of illicit connections, illegal dumping or discharges. Observe site perimeter for evidence for potential of illicitly discharged or illegally dumped material, which may enter the job site. Identification of Illicit Connections and Illegal Dumping or Discharges General – unlabeled and unidentifiable material should be treated as hazardous. Solids - Look for debris, or rubbish piles. Solid waste dumping often occurs on roadways with light traffic loads or in areas not easily visible from the traveled way. Liquids - signs of illegal liquid dumping or discharge can include: - Visible signs of staining or unusual colors to the pavement or surrounding adjacent soils - Pungent odors coming from the drainage systems - Discoloration or oily substances in the water or stains and residues detained within ditches, channels or drain boxes - Abnormal water flow during the dry weather season Urban Areas - Evidence of illicit connections or illegal discharges is typically detected at storm drain outfall locations or at manholes. Signs of an illicit connection or illegal discharge can include: - Abnormal water flow during the dry weather season - Unusual flows in sub drain systems used for dewatering - Pungent odors coming from the drainage systems - Discoloration or oily substances in the water or stains and residues detained within ditches, channels or drain boxes - Excessive sediment deposits, particularly adjacent to or near active offsite construction projects Rural Areas - Illicit connections or illegal discharges involving irrigation drainage ditches are detected by visual inspections. Signs of an illicit discharge can include: - Abnormal water flow during the non-irrigation season - Non-standard junction structures - Broken concrete or other disturbances at or near junction structures Reporting Notify the owner of any illicit connections and illegal dumping or discharge incidents at the time of discovery. For illicit connections or discharges to the storm drain system, notify the local stormwater management agency. For illegal dumping, notify the local law enforcement agency. Cleanup and Removal The responsibility for cleanup and removal of illicit or illegal dumping or discharges will vary by location. Contact the local stormwater management agency for further information. Illicit Connection/Discharge NS-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Costs Costs to look for and report illicit connections and illegal discharges and dumping are low. The best way to avoid costs associated with illicit connections and illegal discharges and dumping is to keep the project perimeters secure to prevent access to the site, to observe the site for vehicles that should not be there, and to document any waste or hazardous materials that exist onsite before taking possession of the site. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect the site regularly to check for any illegal dumping or discharge. Prohibit employees and subcontractors from disposing of non-job-related debris or materials at the construction site. Notify the owner of any illicit connections and illegal dumping or discharge incidents at the time of discovery. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Potable Water/Irrigation NS-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Potable Water/Irrigation consists of practices and procedures to manage the discharge of potential pollutants generated during discharges from irrigation water lines, landscape irrigation, lawn or garden watering, planned and unplanned discharges from potable water sources, water line flushing, and hydrant flushing. Suitable Applications Implement this BMP whenever potable water or irrigation water discharges occur at or enter a construction site. Limitations None identified. Implementation Direct water from offsite sources around or through a construction site, where feasible, in a way that minimizes contact with the construction site. Discharges from water line flushing should be reused for landscaping purposes where feasible. Shut off the water source to broken lines, sprinklers, or valves as soon as possible to prevent excess water flow. Protect downstream stormwater drainage systems and watercourses from water pumped or bailed from trenches excavated to repair water lines. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Potable Water/Irrigation NS-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect irrigated areas within the construction limits for excess watering. Adjust watering times and schedules to ensure that the appropriate amount of water is being used and to minimize runoff. Consider factors such as soil structure, grade, time of year, and type of plant material in determining the proper amounts of water for a specific area. Costs Cost to manage potable water and irrigation are low and generally considered to be a normal part of related activities. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Repair broken water lines as soon as possible. Inspect irrigated areas regularly for signs of erosion and/or discharge. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Vehicle and equipment cleaning procedures and practices eliminate or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from vehicle and equipment cleaning operations. Procedures and practices include but are not limited to: using offsite facilities; washing in designated, contained areas only; eliminating discharges to the storm drain by infiltrating the wash water; and training employees and subcontractors in proper cleaning procedures. Suitable Applications These procedures are suitable on all construction sites where vehicle and equipment cleaning is performed. Limitations Even phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps have been shown to be toxic to fish before the soap degrades. Sending vehicles/equipment offsite should be done in conjunction with TC-1, Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit. Implementation Other options to washing equipment onsite include contracting with either an offsite or mobile commercial washing business. These businesses may be better equipped to handle and dispose of the wash waters properly. Performing this work offsite can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate washing operation onsite. If washing operations are to take place onsite, then: Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Use phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps. Educate employees and subcontractors on pollution prevention measures. Do not permit steam cleaning onsite. Steam cleaning can generate significant pollutant concentrates. Cleaning of vehicles and equipment with soap, solvents or steam should not occur on the project site unless resulting wastes are fully contained and disposed of. Resulting wastes should not be discharged or buried and must be captured and recycled or disposed according to the requirements of WM-10, Liquid Waste Management or WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management, depending on the waste characteristics. Minimize use of solvents. Use of diesel for vehicle and equipment cleaning is prohibited. All vehicles and equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site must be cleaned offsite. When vehicle and equipment washing and cleaning must occur onsite, and the operation cannot be located within a structure or building equipped with appropriate disposal facilities, the outside cleaning area should have the following characteristics: - Located away from storm drain inlets, drainage facilities, or watercourses - Paved with concrete or asphalt and bermed to contain wash waters and to prevent runon and runoff - Configured with a sump to allow collection and disposal of wash water - No discharge of wash waters to storm drains or watercourses - Used only when necessary When cleaning vehicles and equipment with water: - Use as little water as possible. High-pressure sprayers may use less water than a hose and should be considered - Use positive shutoff valve to minimize water usage - Facility wash racks should discharge to a sanitary sewer, recycle system or other approved discharge system and must not discharge to the storm drainage system, watercourses, or to groundwater Costs Cleaning vehicles and equipment at an offsite facility may reduce overall costs for vehicle and equipment cleaning by eliminating the need to provide similar services onsite. When onsite cleaning is needed, the cost to establish appropriate facilities is relatively low on larger, long- duration projects, and moderate to high on small, short-duration projects. Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Inspection and maintenance is minimal, although some berm repair may be necessary. Monitor employees and subcontractors throughout the duration of the construction project to ensure appropriate practices are being implemented. Inspect sump regularly and remove liquids and sediment as needed. Prohibit employees and subcontractors from washing personal vehicles and equipment on the construction site. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Swisher, R.D. Surfactant Biodegradation, Marcel Decker Corporation, 1987. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Vehicle equipment fueling procedures and practices are designed to prevent fuel spills and leaks and reduce or eliminate contamination of stormwater. This can be accomplished by using offsite facilities, fueling in designated areas only, enclosing or covering stored fuel, implementing spill controls, and training employees and subcontractors in proper fueling procedures. Suitable Applications These procedures are suitable on all construction sites where vehicle and equipment fueling takes place. Limitations Onsite vehicle and equipment fueling should only be used where it is impractical to send vehicles and equipment offsite for fueling. Sending vehicles and equipment offsite should be done in conjunction with TC-1, Stabilized Construction Entrance/ Exit. Implementation Use offsite fueling stations as much as possible. These businesses are better equipped to handle fuel and spills properly. Performing this work offsite can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate fueling area at a site. Discourage “topping-off of fuel tanks. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Absorbent spill cleanup materials and spill kits should be available in fueling areas and on fueling trucks and should be disposed of properly after use. Drip pans or absorbent pads should be used during vehicle and equipment fueling, unless the fueling is performed over an impermeable surface in a dedicated fueling area. Use absorbent materials on small spills. Do not hose down or bury the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. Avoid mobile fueling of mobile construction equipment around the site; rather, transport the equipment to designated fueling areas. With the exception of tracked equipment such as bulldozers and large excavators, most vehicles should be able to travel to a designated area with little lost time. Train employees and subcontractors in proper fueling and cleanup procedures. When fueling must take place onsite, designate an area away from drainage courses to be used. Fueling areas should be identified in the SWPPP. Dedicated fueling areas should be protected from stormwater runon and runoff and should be located at least 50 ft away from downstream drainage facilities and watercourses. Fueling must be performed on level-grade areas. Protect fueling areas with berms and dikes to prevent runon, runoff, and to contain spills. Nozzles used in vehicle and equipment fueling should be equipped with an automatic shutoff to control drips. Fueling operations should not be left unattended. Use vapor recovery nozzles to help control drips as well as air pollution where required by Air Quality Management Districts (AQMD). Federal, state, and local requirements should be observed for any stationary above ground storage tanks. Costs All of the above measures are low cost except for the capital costs of above ground tanks that meet all local environmental, zoning, and fire codes. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Vehicles and equipment should be inspected each day of use for leaks. Leaks should be repaired immediately, or problem vehicles or equipment should be removed from the project site. Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup materials onsite. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Immediately clean up spills and properly dispose of contaminated soil and cleanup materials. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Vehicle & Equipment Maintenance NS-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the contamination of stormwater resulting fm ehicle ad eime maieace b ig a d and clean ie. The best option would be to perform maintenance activities at an offsite facility. If this option is not available then work should be performed in designated areas only, while providing cover for materials stored outside, checking for leaks and spills, and containing and cleaning up spills immediately. Employees and subcontractors must be trained in proper procedures. Suitable Applications These procedures are suitable on all construction projects where an onsite yard area is necessary for storage and maintenance of heavy equipment and vehicles. Limitations Onsite vehicle and equipment maintenance should only be used where it is impractical to send vehicles and equipment offsite for maintenance and repair. Sending vehicles/equipment offsite should be done in conjunction with TC-1, Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit. Outdoor vehicle or equipment maintenance is a potentially significant source of stormwater pollution. Activities that can contaminate stormwater include engine repair and service, changing or replacement of fluids, and outdoor equipment storage and parking (engine fluid leaks). For further information on vehicle or equipment servicing, see NS-8, Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Vehicle & Equipment Maintenance NS-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, and NS-9, Vehicle and Equipment Fueling. Implementation Use offsite repair shops as much as possible. These businesses are better equipped to handle vehicle fluids and spills properly. Performing this work offsite can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate maintenance area. If maintenance must occur onsite, use designated areas, located away from drainage courses. Dedicated maintenance areas should be protected from stormwater runon and runoff and should be located at least 50 ft from downstream drainage facilities and watercourses. Drip pans or absorbent pads should be used during vehicle and equipment maintenance work that involves fluids, unless the maintenance work is performed over an impermeable surface in a dedicated maintenance area. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. All fueling trucks and fueling areas are required to have spill kits and/or use other spill protection devices. Use adsorbent materials on small spills. Remove the absorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. Inspect onsite vehicles and equipment daily at startup for leaks, and repair immediately. Keep vehicles and equipment clean; do not allow excessive build-up of oil and grease. Segregate and recycle wastes, such as greases, used oil or oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, automotive batteries, hydraulic and transmission fluids. Provide secondary containment and covers for these materials if stored onsite. Train employees and subcontractors in proper maintenance and spill cleanup procedures. Drip pans or plastic sheeting should be placed under all vehicles and equipment placed on docks, barges, or other structures over water bodies when the vehicle or equipment is planned to be idle for more than 1 hour. For long-term projects, consider using portable tents or covers over maintenance areas if maintenance cannot be performed offsite. Consider use of new, alternative greases and lubricants, such as adhesive greases, for chassis lubrication and fifth-wheel lubrication. Properly dispose of used oils, fluids, lubricants, and spill cleanup materials. Do not place used oil in a dumpster or pour into a storm drain or watercourse. Properly dispose of or recycle used batteries. Do not bury used tires. Vehicle & Equipment Maintenance NS-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Repair leaks of fluids and oil immediately. Listed below is further information if you must perform vehicle or equipment maintenance onsite. Safer Alternative Products Consider products that are less toxic or hazardous than regular products. These products ae fe ld de a eimeall fiedl label. Consider use of grease substitutes for lubrication of truck fifth-wheels. Follow manufacturers label for details on specific uses. Consider use of plastic friction plates on truck fifth-wheels in lieu of grease. Follow manufacturers label for details on specific uses. Waste Reduction Parts are often cleaned using solvents such as trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, or methylene chloride. Many of these cleaners are listed in California Toxic Rule as priority pollutants. These materials are harmful and must not contaminate stormwater. They must be disposed of as a hazardous waste. Reducing the number of solvents makes recycling easier and reduces hazardous waste management costs. Often, one solvent can perform a job as well as two different solvents. Also, if possible, eliminate or reduce the amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting non-hazardous or less hazardous materials. For example, replace chlorinated organic solvents with non-chlorinated solvents. Non-chlorinated solvents like kerosene or mineral spirits are less toxic and less expensive to dispose of properly. Check the li f acie igedie ee hehe i cai chliaed le. The chl em indicates that the solvent is chlorinated. Also, try substituting a wire brush for solvents to clean parts. Recycling and Disposal Separating wastes allows for easier recycling and may reduce disposal costs. Keep hazardous wastes separate, do not mix used oil solvents, and keep chlorinated solvents (like,- trichloroethane) separate from non-chlorinated solvents (like kerosene and mineral spirits). Pml afe ed flid he e ae ecclig dm. D leae fll di a or other open containers lying around. Provide cover and secondary containment until these materials can be removed from the site. Oil filters can be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. Do not dispose of extra paints and coatings by dumping liquid onto the ground or throwing it into dumpsters. Allow coatings to dry or harden before disposal into covered dumpsters. Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Higher costs are incurred to setup and maintain onsite maintenance areas. Vehicle & Equipment Maintenance NS-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup materials onsite. Maintain waste fluid containers in leak proof condition. Vehicles and equipment should be inspected on each day of use. Leaks should be repaired immediately, or the problem vehicle(s) or equipment should be removed from the project site. Inspect equipment for damaged hoses and leaky gaskets routinely. Repair or replace as needed. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program; Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group, Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Pile Driving Operations NS-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose The construction and retrofit of bridges and retaining walls often include driving piles for foundation support and shoring operations. Driven piles are typically constructed of precast concrete, steel, or timber. Driven sheet piles are also used for shoring and cofferdam construction. Proper control and use of equipment, materials, and waste products from pile driving operations will reduce or eliminate the discharge of potential pollutants to the storm drain system, watercourses, and waters of the United States. Suitable Applications These procedures apply to all construction sites near or adjacent to a watercourse or groundwater where permanent and temporary pile driving (impact and vibratory) takes place, including operations using pile shells as well as construction of cast-in-steel-shell and cast-in-drilled-hole piles. Limitations None identified. Implementation Use drip pans or absorbent pads during vehicle and equipment operation, maintenance, cleaning, fueling, and storage. Refer to NS-8, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, NS-9, Vehicle and Equipment Fueling, and NS-10, Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Pile Driving Operations NS-11 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Have spill kits and cleanup materials available at all locations of pile driving. Refer to WM- 4, Spill Prevention and Control. Equipment that is stored or in use in streambeds, or on docks, barges, or other structures over water bodies should be kept leak free. Park equipment over plastic sheeting or equivalent where possible. Plastic is not a substitute for drip pans or absorbent pads. The storage or use of equipment in streambeds or other bodies of water must comply with all applicable permits. Implement other BMPs as applicable, such as NS-2, Dewatering Operations, WM-5, Solid Waste Management, WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management, and WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. When not in use, store pile-driving equipment away from concentrated flows of stormwater, drainage courses, and inlets. Protect hammers and other hydraulic attachments from runon and runoff by placing them on plywood and covering them with plastic or a comparable material prior to the onset of rain. Use less hazardous products, e.g., vegetable oil, when practicable. Costs All of the above measures can be low cost. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Inspect equipment every day at startup and repair equipment as needed (i.e., worn or damaged hoses, fittings, and gaskets). Recheck equipment at shift changes or at the end of the day and scheduled repairs as needed. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Concrete Curing NS-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Concrete curing is used in the construction of structures such as bridges, retaining walls, pump houses, large slabs, and structured foundations. Concrete curing includes the use of both chemical and water methods. Concrete and its associated curing materials have basic chemical properties that can raise the pH of water to levels outside of the permitted range. Discharges of stormwater and non-stormwater exposed to concrete during curing may have a high pH and may contain chemicals, metals, and fines. The General Permit incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for pH (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your project s risk level and if you are subject to these requirements). Proper procedures and care should be taken when managing concrete curing materials to prevent them from coming into contact with stormwater flows, which could result in a high pH discharge. Suitable Applications Suitable applications include all projects where Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) and concrete curing chemicals are placed where they can be exposed to rainfall, runoff from other areas, or where runoff from the PCC will leave the site. Limitations Runoff contact with concrete waste can raise pH levels in the water to environmentally harmful levels and trigger permit violations. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Concrete Curing NS-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Implementation Chemical Curing Avoid over spray of curing compounds. Minimize the drift by applying the curing compound close to the concrete surface. Apply an amount of compound that covers the surface but does not allow any runoff of the compound. Use proper storage and handling techniques for concrete curing compounds. Refer to WM- 1, Material Delivery and Storage. Protect drain inlets prior to the application of curing compounds. Refer to WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. Water Curing for Bridge Decks, Retaining Walls, and other Structures Direct cure water away from inlets and watercourses to collection areas for evaporation or other means of removal in accordance with all applicable permits. See WM-8 Concrete Waste Management. Collect cure water at the top of slopes and transport to a concrete waste management area in a non-erosive manner. See EC-9 Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales, EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Devices, and EC-11, Slope Drains. Utilize wet blankets or a similar method that maintains moisture while minimizing the use and possible discharge of water. Education Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on proper concrete curing techniques to prevent contact with discharge as described herein. Arrange for the QSP or the appropriately trained conaco einenden o representative to oversee and enforce concrete curing procedures. Costs All of the above measures are generally low cost. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Sample non-stormwater discharges and stormwater runoff that contacts uncured and partially cured concrete as required by the General Permit. Concrete Curing NS-12 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Ensure that employees and subcontractors implement appropriate measures for storage, handling, and use of curing compounds. Inspect cure containers and spraying equipment for leaks. References Blue Print for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Stormwater Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Non-Point Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Erosion and Sediment Control Manual, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, February 2005. Concrete Finishing NS-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Concrete finishing methods are used for bridge deck rehabilitation, paint removal, curing compound removal, and final surface finish appearances. Methods include sand blasting, shot blasting, grinding, or high-pressure water blasting. Stormwater and non-stormwater exposed to concrete finishing by-products may have a high pH and may contain chemicals, metals, and fines. Proper procedures and implementation of appropriate BMPs can minimize the impact that concrete-finishing methods may have on stormwater and non-stormwater discharges. The General Permit incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for pH (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your projecs risk leel and if o are sbjec to these requirements). Concrete and its associated curing materials have basic chemical properties that can raise pH levels outside of the permitted range. Additional care should be taken when managing these materials to prevent them from coming into contact with stormwater flows, which could lead to exceedances of the General Permit requirements. Suitable Applications These procedures apply to all construction locations where concrete finishing operations are performed. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Concrete Finishing NS-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Runoff contact with concrete waste can raise pH levels in the water to environmentally harmful levels and trigger permit violations. Implementation Collect and properly dispose of water from high-pressure water blasting operations. Collect contaminated water from blasting operations at the top of slopes. Transport or dispose of contaminated water while using BMPs such as those for erosion control. Refer to EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales, EC-10, Velocity Dissipation Devices, and EC-11, Slope Drains. Direct water from blasting operations away from inlets and watercourses to collection areas for infiltration or other means of removal (dewatering). Refer to NS-2 Dewatering Operations. Protect inlets during sandblasting operations. Refer to SE-10, Storm Drain Inlet Protection. Refer to WM-8, Concrete Waste Management for disposal of concrete debris. Minimize the drift of dust and blast material as much as possible by keeping the blasting nozzle close to the surface. When blast residue contains a potentially hazardous waste, refer to WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management. Education Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on proper concrete finishing techniques to prevent contact with discharge as described herein. Arrange for the QSP or the appropriately trained contracors sperinenden or representative to oversee and enforce concrete finishing procedures. Costs These measures are generally of low cost. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharges daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Sample non-stormwater discharges and stormwater runoff that contacts concrete dust and debris as required by the General Permit. Concrete Finishing NS-13 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Sweep or vacuum up debris from sandblasting at the end of each shift. At the end of each work shift, remove and contain liquid and solid waste from containment structures, if any, and from the general work area. Inspect containment structures for damage prior to use and prior to onset of forecasted rain. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Material Over Water NS-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Procedures for the proper use, storage, and disposal of materials and equipment on barges, boats, temporary construction pads, or similar locations that minimize or eliminate the discharge of potential pollutants to a watercourse. Suitable Applications Applies where materials and equipment are used on barges, boats, docks, and other platforms over or adjacent to a watercourse including waters of the United States. These procedures should be implemented for construction materials and wastes (solid and liquid), soil or dredging materials, or any other materials that may cause or contribute to exceedances of water quality standards. Limitations Dredge and fill activities are regulated by the US Army Corps of Engineers and Regional Boards under Section 404/401 of the Clean Water Act. Implementation Refer to WM-1, Material Delivery and Storage and WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. Use drip pans and absorbent materials for equipment and vehicles and ensure that an adequate supply of spill clean up materials is available. Drip pans should be placed under all vehicles and equipment placed on docks, barges, or other structures over Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Material Over Water NS-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org water bodies when the vehicle or equipment is expected to be idle for more than 1 hour. Maintain equipment in accordance with NS-10, Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance. If a leaking line cannot be repaired, remove equipment from over the water. Provide watertight curbs or toe boards to contain spills and prevent materials, tools, and debris from leaving the barge, platform, dock, etc. Secure all materials to prevent discharges to receiving waters via wind. Identify types of spill control measures to be employed, including the storage of such materials and equipment. Ensure that staff is trained regarding the use of the materials, deployment and access of control measures, and reporting measures. In case of spills, contact the local Regional Board as soon as possible but within 48 hours. Refer to WM-5, Solid Waste Management (non-hazardous) and WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management. Ensure the timely and proper removal of accumulated wastes Comply with all necessary permits required for construction within or near the watercourse, such as Regional Water Quality Control Board, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Fish and Game or and other local permitting. Discharges to waterways should be reported to the Regional Water Quality Control Board immediately upon discovery. A written discharge notification must follow within 7 days. Follow the spill reporting procedures contained in SWPPP. Costs These measures are generally of low to moderate cost. Exceptions are areas for temporary storage of materials, engine fluids, or wastewater pump out. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Ensure that employees and subcontractors implement the appropriate measures for storage and use of materials and equipment. Inspect and maintain all associated BMPs and perimeter controls to ensure continuous protection of the water courses, including waters of the United States. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Material Over Water NS-14 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Demolition Adjacent to Water NS-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Procedures to protect water bodies from debris and wastes associated with structure demolition or removal over or adjacent to watercourses. Suitable Applications Full bridge demolition and removal, partial bridge removal (barrier rail, edge of deck) associated with bridge widening projects, concrete channel removal, or any other structure removal that could potentially affect water quality. Limitations None identified. Implementation Refer to NS-5, Clear Water Diversion, to direct water away from work areas. Use attachments on construction equipment such as backhoes to catch debris from small demolition operations. Use covers or platforms to collect debris. Platforms and covers are to be approved by the owner. Stockpile accumulated debris and waste generated during demolition away from watercourses and in accordance with WM-3, Stockpile Management. Ensure safe passage of wildlife, as necessary. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Demolition Adjacent to Water NS-15 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 2 Construction www.casqa.org Discharges to waterways shall be reported to the Regional Water Quality Control Board immediately upon discovery. A written discharge notification must follow within 7 days. Follow the spill reporting procedures in the SWPPP. For structures containing hazardous materials, i.e., lead paint or asbestos, refer to BMP WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management. For demolition work involving soil excavation around lead-painted structures, refer to WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management. Costs Cost may vary according to the combination of practices implemented. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Any debris-catching devices shall be emptied regularly. Collected debris shall be removed and stored away from the watercourse and protected from runon and runoff. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose The construction of roads, bridges, retaining walls, and other large structures in remote areas, often requires temporary batch plant facilities to manufacture Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) or asphalt cement (AC). Temporary batch plant facilities typically consist of silos containing fly ash, lime, and cement; heated tanks of liquid asphalt; sand and gravel material storage areas; mixing equipment; above ground storage tanks containing concrete additives and water; and designated areas for sand and gravel truck unloading, concrete truck loading, and concrete truck washout. Proper control and use of equipment, materials, and waste products from temporary batch plant facilities will reduce the discharge of potential pollutants to the storm drain system or watercourses, reduce air emissions, and mitigate noise impacts. The General Permit draft incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for pH (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your projec ik leel and if you are subject to these requirements). Many types of batch plant materials, including mortar, concrete, cement and block and their associated wastes have basic chemical properties that can raise pH levels outside of the permitted range. Additional care should be taken when managing these materials to prevent them from coming into contact with stormwater flows which may cause an exceedance of the General Permit requirements. Suitable Applications These procedures typically apply to construction sites where temporary batch plant facilities are used; however, some of the Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org practices described are applicable to construction sites with general concrete use. Limitations The General Permit for discharges of stormwater associated with industrial activities (General Industrial Permit) may be applicable to temporary batch plants. Specific permit requirements or mitigation measures such as Air Resources Board (ARB), Air Quality Management District (AQMD), Air Pollution Control District (APCD, Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), county ordinances and city ordinances may require alternative mitigation measures for temporary batch plants. Contact the local regulatory agencies to determine if a permit is required. Implementation Planning Temporary batch plants may be subject to the General Industrial Permit. To obtain a copy of this permit and the application forms, visit http://www.waterboards.ca.gov or contact the State Water Resources Control Board. Proper planning, design, and construction of temporary batch plants should be implemented to minimize potential water quality, air pollution, and noise impacts associated with temporary batch plants. BMPs and a Construction Site Monitoring Plan (CSMP) should be included in the project Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). BMPs should be implemented, inspected, and maintained in accordance with these plans. Temporary batch plants should be managed to comply with AQMD Statewide Registration Program and/or local AQMD Portable Equipment Registration requirements. Construct temporary batch plants downwind of existing developments whenever possible. Placement of access roads should be planned to mitigate water and air quality impacts. Layout and Design Temporary batch plants should be properly located and designed to mitigate water quality impacts to receiving water bodies. Batch plants should be located away from watercourses, drainage courses, and drain inlets. Batch plants should be located to minimize the potential for stormwater runon onto the site. Temporary batch plant facilities (including associated stationary equipment and stockpiles) should be located at least 300 ft from any recreational area, school, residence, or other structure not associated with the construction project. Construct continuous interior AC or PCC berms around batch plant equipment (mixing equipment, silos, concrete drop points, conveyor belts, admixture tanks, etc.) to facilitate proper containment and cleanup of releases. Rollover or flip top curbs or dikes should be placed at ingress and egress points (SE-12, Temporary Silt Dike). Direct runoff from the paved or unpaved portion of the batch plant into a sump and pipe to a lined washout area or dewatering tank. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Direct stormwater and non-stormwater runoff from unpaved portions of batch plant facility to catchment ponds or tanks. Construct and remove concrete washout facilities in accordance with WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Layout of a typical batch plant and associated BMP is located at the end of this BMP fact sheet. Operational Procedures Washout of concrete trucks should be conducted in a designated area in accordance with WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Do not dispose of concrete into drain inlets, the stormwater drainage system, or watercourses. Washing of concrete mixing and transport equipment (including concrete truck washout) should occur in a designated area in accordance with WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Washing equipment, tools, or vehicles to remove PCC should be conducted in accordance with NS-7, Potable Water/Irrigation, NS-8, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, and WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. All dry material transfer points should be ducted through a fabric or cartridge type filter unless there are no visible emissions from the transfer point. Equip all bulk storage silos, including auxiliary bulk storage trailers, with fabric or cartridge type filter(s). Maintain silo vent filters in proper operating condition. Equip silos and auxiliary bulk storage trailers with dust-tight service hatches. Fabric dust collection system should be capable of controlling particulate matter in accordance with the California Air Resources Control Board and local Air Pollution Control District Regulations. Fabric dust collectors (except for vent filters) should be equipped with an operational pressure differential gauge to measure the pressure drop across the filters. All transfer points should be equipped with a wet suppression system to control fugitive particulate emissions unless there are no visible emissions. All conveyors should be covered, unless the material being transferred results in no visible emissions. There should be no visible emissions beyond the property line, while the equipment is being operated. Collect dust emissions from the loading of open-bodied trucks, at the drip point of dry batch plants, or dust emissions from the drum feed for central mix plants. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Equip silos and auxiliary bulk storage trailers with a visible and/or audible warning mechanism to warn operators that the silo or trailer is full. All open-bodied vehicles transporting material should be loaded with a final layer of wet sand and the truck should be covered with a tarp to reduce emissions. Tracking Control Plant roads (batch truck and material delivery truck roads) and areas between stockpiles and conveyor hoppers should be stabilized (TC-2, Stabilized Construction Roadway), watered, treated with dust-suppressant chemicals (WE-1, Wind Erosion Control), or paved with a cohesive hard surface that can be repeatedly swept, maintained intact, and cleaned as necessary to control dust emissions. Trucks should not track PCC from plants onto public roads. Use appropriate practices from TC-1, Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit, to prevent tracking. Materials Storage WM-1, Material Delivery and Storage, should be implemented at all batch plants using concrete components or compounds. An effective strategy is to cover and contain materials. WM-2, Material Use should be conducted in a way to minimize or eliminate the discharge of materials to storm drain system or watercourse. Ensure that finer materials are not dispersed into the air during operations, such as unloading of cement delivery trucks. Stockpiles should be covered and enclosed with perimeter sediment barriers per WM-3, Stockpile Management. Uncovered stockpiles should be sprayed with water and/or dust- suppressant chemicals as necessary to control dust emissions, unless the stockpiled material results in no visible emissions. An operable stockpile watering system should be onsite at all times. Store bagged and boxed materials on pallets and cover or store in a completely enclosed storage area on non-working days and prior to rain. Minimize stockpiles of demolished PCC by recycling them in a timely manner. Provide secondary containment for liquid materials (WM-1, Material Delivery and Storage, WM-10, Liquid Waste Management). Containment should provide sufficient volume to contain precipitation from a 25-year storm plus 10% of the aggregate volume of all containers or plus 100% of the largest container, whichever is greater. Handle solid and liquid waste in accordance with WM-5, Solid Waste Management, WM-10, Liquid Waste Management, and WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Maintain adequate supplies of spill cleanup materials and train staff to respond to spills per WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. Immediately contain and clean up spilled cement and fly ash and contain. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Equipment Maintenance Equipment should be maintained to prevent fluid leaks and spills per NS-9, Vehicle and Equipment Fueling, and NS-10, Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance. Maintain adequate supplies of spill cleanup materials and train staff to respond to spills per WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. Incorporate other BMPs such as WM-5, Solid Waste Management, WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management, and WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. Costs Costs will vary depending on the size of the facility and combination of BMPs implemented. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Sample non-stormwater discharges and stormwater runoff that contacts cementitious materials or fly ash as required by the General Permit. Inspect and repair equipment (for damaged hoses, fittings, and gaskets). Inspect and maintain a Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit (TC-1) as needed. Inspect and maintain stabilized haul roads as needed (TC-2, Stabilized Construction Roadway). Inspect and maintain materials and waste storage areas as needed. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Temporary Batch Plants NS-16 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Typical Temporary Batch Plant Layout PERIMETER SEDIMENT CONTROL OR TRAFFIC BARRIER AS APPLICABLE TO SITE Material Delivery and Storage WM-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent, reduce, or eliminate the discharge of pollutants from material delivery and storage to the stormwater system or watercourses by minimizing the storage of hazardous materials onsite, storing materials in watertight containers and/or a completely enclosed designated area, installing secondary containment, conducting regular inspections, and training employees and subcontractors. This best management practice covers only material delivery and storage. For other information on materials, see WM-2, Material Use, or WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. For information on wastes, see the waste management BMPs in this section. Suitable Applications These procedures are suitable for use at all construction sites with delivery and storage of the following materials: Soil stabilizers and binders Pesticides and herbicides Fertilizers Detergents Plaster Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Material Delivery and Storage WM-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Asphalt and concrete components Hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, adhesives, paints, solvents, and curing compounds Concrete compounds Other materials that may be detrimental if released to the environment Limitations Space limitation may preclude indoor storage. Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements. Implementation The following steps should be taken to minimize risk: Chemicals must be stored in water tight containers with appropriate secondary containment or in a storage shed. When a material storage area is located on bare soil, the area should be lined and bermed. Use containment pallets or other practical and available solutions, such as storing materials within newly constructed buildings or garages, to meet material storage requirements. Stack erodible landscape material on pallets and cover when not in use. Contain all fertilizers and other landscape materials when not in use. Temporary storage areas should be located away from vehicular traffic. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) should be available on-site for all materials stored that have the potential to effect water quality. Construction site areas should be designated for material delivery and storage. Material delivery and storage areas should be located away from waterways, if possible. - Avoid transport near drainage paths or waterways. - Surround with earth berms or other appropriate containment BMP. See EC-9, Earth Dikes and Drainage Swales. - Place in an area that will be paved. Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids must comply with the fire codes of your area. Contact the local Fire Marshal to review site materials, quantities, and proposed storage area to determine specific requirements. See the Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code, NFPA30. An up to date inventory of materials delivered and stored onsite should be kept. Material Delivery and Storage WM-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Hazardous materials storage onsite should be minimized. Hazardous materials should be handled as infrequently as possible. Keep ample spill cleanup supplies appropriate for the materials being stored. Ensure that cleanup supplies are in a conspicuous, labeled area. Employees and subcontractors should be trained on the proper material delivery and storage practices. Employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures must be present when dangerous materials or liquid chemicals are unloaded. If significant residual materials remain on the ground after construction is complete, properly remove and dispose of materials and any contaminated soil. See WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management. If the area is to be paved, pave as soon as materials are removed to stabilize the soil. Material Storage Areas and Practices Liquids, petroleum products, and substances listed in 40 CFR Parts 110, 117, or 302 should be stored in approved containers and drums and should not be overfilled. Containers and drums should be placed in temporary containment facilities for storage. A temporary containment facility should provide for a spill containment volume able to contain precipitation from a 25-year storm event, plus the greater of 10% of the aggregate volume of all containers or 100% of the capacity of the largest container within its boundary, whichever is greater. A temporary containment facility should be impervious to the materials stored therein for a minimum contact time of 72 hours. A temporary containment facility should be maintained free of accumulated rainwater and spills. In the event of spills or leaks, accumulated rainwater and spills should be collected and placed into drums. These liquids should be handled as a hazardous waste unless testing determines them to be non-hazardous. All collected liquids or non-hazardous liquids should be sent to an approved disposal site. Sufficient separation should be provided between stored containers to allow for spill cleanup and emergency response access. Incompatible materials, such as chlorine and ammonia, should not be stored in the same temporary containment facility. Materials should be covered prior to, and during rain events. Materials should be stored in their original containers and the original product labels should be maintained in place in a legible condition. Damaged or otherwise illegible labels should be replaced immediately. Material Delivery and Storage WM-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Bagged and boxed materials should be stored on pallets and should not be allowed to accumulate on the ground. To provide protection from wind and rain throughout the rainy season, bagged and boxed materials should be covered during non-working days and prior to and during rain events. Stockpiles should be protected in accordance with WM-3, Stockpile Management. Materials should be stored indoors within existing structures or completely enclosed storage sheds when available. Proper storage instructions should be posted at all times in an open and conspicuous location. An ample supply of appropriate spill clean up material should be kept near storage areas. Also see WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management, for storing of hazardous wastes. Material Delivery Practices Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of material delivered and stored onsite. Arrange for employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures to be present when dangerous materials or liquid chemicals are unloaded. Spill Cleanup Contain and clean up any spill immediately. Properly remove and dispose of any hazardous materials or contaminated soil if significant residual materials remain on the ground after construction is complete. See WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management. See WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control, for spills of chemicals and/or hazardous materials. If spills or leaks of materials occur that are not contained and could discharge to surface waters, non-visible sampling of site discharge may be required. Refer to the General Permit or to your project specific Construction Site Monitoring Plan to determine if and where sampling is required. Cost The largest cost of implementation may be in the construction of a materials storage area that is covered and provides secondary containment. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Keep storage areas clean and well organized, including a current list of all materials onsite. Inspect labels on containers for legibility and accuracy. Material Delivery and Storage WM-1 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Repair or replace perimeter controls, containment structures, covers, and liners as needed to maintain proper function. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Material Use WM-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to the storm drain system or watercourses from material use by using alternative products, minimizing hazardous material use onsite, and training employees and subcontractors. Suitable Applications This BMP is suitable for use at all construction projects. These procedures apply when the following materials are used or prepared onsite: Pesticides and herbicides Fertilizers Detergents Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease Asphalt and other concrete components Other hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, adhesives, paints, solvents, and curing compounds Other materials that may be detrimental if released to the environment Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Material Use WM-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Limitations Safer alternative building and construction products may not be available or suitable in every instance. Implementation The following steps should be taken to minimize risk: Minimize use of hazardous materials onsite. Follow manufacturer instructions regarding uses, protective equipment, ventilation, flammability, and mixing of chemicals. Train personnel who use pesticides. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation and county agricultural commissioners license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct onsite inspections. The preferred method of termiticide application is soil injection near the existing or proposed structure foundation/slab; however, if not feasible, soil drench application of termiticides should follow EPA label guidelines and the following recommendations (most of which are applicable to most pesticide applications): Do not treat soil that is water-saturated or frozen. Application shall not commence within 24-hours of a predicted precipitation event with a 40% or greater probability. Weather tracking must be performed on a daily basis prior to termiticide application and during the period of termiticide application. Do not allow treatment chemicals to runoff from the target area. Apply proper quantity to prevent excess runoff. Provide containment for and divert stormwater from application areas using berms or diversion ditches during application. Dry season: Do not apply within 10 feet of storm drains. Do not apply within 25 feet of aquatic habitats (such as, but not limited to, lakes; reservoirs; rivers; permanent streams; marshes or ponds; estuaries; and commercial fish farm ponds). Wet season: Do not apply within 50 feet of storm drains or aquatic habitats (such as, but not limited to, lakes; reservoirs; rivers; permanent streams; marshes or ponds; estuaries; and commercial fish farm ponds) unless a vegetative buffer is present (if so, refer to dry season requirements). Do not make on-grade applications when sustained wind speeds are above 10 mph (at application site) at nozzle end height. Cover treatment site prior to a rain event in order to prevent run-off of the pesticide into non-target areas. The treated area should be limited to a size that can be backfilled and/or covered by the end of the work shift. Backfilling or covering of the treated area shall be done by the end of the same work shift in which the application is made. The applicator must either cover the soil him/herself or provide written notification of the above requirement to the contractor on site and to the person commissioning the Material Use WM-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org application (if different than the contractor). If notice is provided to the contractor or the person commissioning the application, then they are responsible under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to ensure that: 1) if the concrete slab cannot be poured over the treated soil within 24 hours of application, the treated soil is covered with a waterproof covering (such as polyethylene sheeting), and 2) the treated soil is covered if precipitation is predicted to occur before the concrete slab is scheduled to be poured. Do not over-apply fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Prepare only the amount needed. Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over-application is expensive and environmentally harmful. Unless on steep slopes, till fertilizers into the soil rather than hydraulic application. Apply surface dressings in several smaller applications, as opposed to one large application, to allow time for infiltration and to avoid excess material being carried offsite by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals before predicted rainfall. Train employees and subcontractors in proper material use. Supply Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all materials. Dispose of latex paint and paint cans, used brushes, rags, absorbent materials, and drop cloths, when thoroughly dry and are no longer hazardous, with other construction debris. Do not remove the original product label; it contains important safety and disposal information. Use the entire product before disposing of the container. Mix paint indoors or in a containment area. Never clean paintbrushes or rinse paint containers into a street, gutter, storm drain, or watercourse. Dispose of any paint thinners, residue, and sludge(s) that cannot be recycled, as hazardous waste. For water-based paint, clean brushes to the extent practicable, and rinse to a drain leading to a sanitary sewer where permitted or contain for proper disposal off site. For oil-based paints, clean brushes to the extent practicable, and filter and reuse thinners and solvents. Use recycled and less hazardous products when practical. Recycle residual paints, solvents, non-treated lumber, and other materials. Use materials only where and when needed to complete the construction activity. Use safer alternative materials as much as possible. Reduce or eliminate use of hazardous materials onsite when practical. Docmen he locaion, ime, chemical applied, and applicao name and alificaion. Keep an ample supply of spill clean up material near use areas. Train employees in spill clean up procedures. Avoid exposing applied materials to rainfall and runoff unless sufficient time has been allowed for them to dry. Discontinue use of erodible landscape material within 2 days prior to a forecasted rain event and materials should be covered and/or bermed. Material Use WM-2 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Provide containment for material use areas such as masons areas or paint mixing/preparation areas to prevent materials/pollutants from entering stormwater. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity-based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Ensure employees and subcontractors throughout the job are using appropriate practices. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. Comments on Risk Assessments Risk Reduction Options for Cypermethrin: Docket No. OPP 2005 0293; California Stormwater Quality Association (CASQA) letter to USEPA, 2006.Environmental Hazard and General Labeling for Pyrethroid Non-Agricultural Outdoor Products, EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0331-0021; USEPA, 2008. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Stockpile Management WM-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Stockpile management procedures and practices are designed to reduce or eliminate air and stormwater pollution from stockpiles of soil, soil amendments, sand, paving materials such as Portland cement concrete (PCC) rubble, asphalt concrete (AC), asphalt concrete rubble, aggregate base, aggregate sub base or pre-ied aggegae, ahal ide ( called cld i ahal), ad ee eaed d. Suitable Applications Implement in all projects that stockpile soil and other loose materials. Limitations Plastic sheeting as a stockpile protection is temporary and hard to manage in windy conditions. Where plastic is used, consider use of plastic tarps with nylon reinforcement which may be more durable than standard sheeting. Plastic sheeting can increase runoff volume due to lack of infiltration and potentially cause perimeter control failure. Plastic sheeting breaks down faster in sunlight. The use of Plastic materials and photodegradable plastics should be avoided. Implementation Protection of stockpiles is a year-round requirement. To properly manage stockpiles: Treat Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Stockpile Management WM-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org On larger sites, a minimum of 50 ft separation from concentrated flows of stormwater, drainage courses, and inlets is recommended. After 14 days of inactivity, a stockpile is non-active and requires further protection described below. All stockpiles are required to be protected as non-active stockpiles immediately if they are not scheduled to be used within 14 days. Protect all stockpiles from stormwater run-on using temporary perimeter sediment barriers such as compost berms (SE-13), temporary silt dikes (SE-12), fiber rolls (SE-5), silt fences (SE-1), sandbags (SE-8), gravel bags (SE-6), or biofilter bags (SE-14). Refer to the individual fact sheet for each of these controls for installation information. Implement wind erosion control practices as appropriate on all stockpiled material. For specific information, see WE-1, Wind Erosion Control. Manage stockpiles of contaminated soil in accordance with WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management. Place bagged materials on pallets and under cover. Ensure that stockpile coverings are installed securely to protect from wind and rain. Some plastic covers withstand weather and sunlight better than others. Select cover materials or methods based on anticipated duration of use. Protection of Non-Active Stockpiles A stockpile is considered non-active if it either is not used for 14 days or if it is scheduled not to be used for 14 days or more. Stockpiles need to be protected immediately if they are not scheduled to be used within 14 days. Non-active stockpiles of the identified materials should be protected as follows: Soil stockpiles Soil stockpiles should be covered or protected with soil stabilization measures and a temporary perimeter sediment barrier at all times. Temporary vegetation should be considered for topsoil piles that will be stockpiled for extended periods. Stockpiles of Portland cement concrete rubble, asphalt concrete, asphalt concrete rubble, aggregate base, or aggregate sub base Stockpiles should be covered and protected with a temporary perimeter sediment barrier at all times. Stockpiles of “cold mix Cold mix stockpiles should be placed on and covered with plastic sheeting or comparable material at all times and surrounded by a berm. Stockpiles of fly ash, stucco, hydrated lime Stockpile Management WM-3 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Stockpiles of materials that may raise the pH of runoff (i.e., basic materials) should be covered with plastic and surrounded by a berm. Stockpiles/Storage of treated wood Treated wood should be covered with plastic sheeting or comparable material at all times and surrounded by a berm. Protection of Active Stockpiles A stockpile is active when it is being used or is scheduled to be used within 14 days of the previous use. Active stockpiles of the identified materials should be protected as follows: All stockpiles should be covered and protected with a temporary linear sediment barrier prior to the onset of precipitation. Sckile f cld i and treated wood, and basic materials should be placed on and covered with plastic sheeting or comparable material and surrounded by a berm prior to the onset of precipitation. The downstream perimeter of an active stockpile should be protected with a linear sediment barrier or berm and runoff should be diverted around or away from the stockpile on the upstream perimeter. Costs For cost information associated with stockpile protection refer to the individual erosion or sediment control BMP fact sheet considered for implementation (For example, refer to SE-1 Silt Fence for installation of silt fence around the perimeter of a stockpile.) Inspection and Maintenance Stockpiles must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. It may be necessary to inspect stockpiles covered with plastic sheeting more frequently during certain conditions (for example, high winds or extreme heat). Repair and/or replace perimeter controls and covers as needed to keep them functioning properly. Sediment shall be removed when it reaches one-third of the barrier height. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to drainage systems or watercourses from leaks and spills by reducing the chance for spills, stopping the source of spills, containing and cleaning up spills, properly disposing of spill materials, and training employees. This best management practice covers only spill prevention and control. However, WM-1, Materials Delivery and Storage, and WM-2, Material Use, also contain useful information, particularly on spill prevention. For information on wastes, see the waste management BMPs in this section. Suitable Applications This BMP is suitable for all construction projects. Spill control procedures are implemented anytime chemicals or hazardous substances are stored on the construction site, including the following materials: Soil stabilizers/binders Dust palliatives Herbicides Growth inhibitors Fertilizers Deicing/anti-icing chemicals Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Fuels Lubricants Other petroleum distillates Limitations In some cases, it may be necessary to use a private spill cleanup company. This BMP applies to spills caused by the contractor and subcontractors. Procedures and practices presented in this BMP are general. Contractor should identify appropriate practices for the specific materials used or stored onsite Implementation The following steps will help reduce the stormwater impacts of leaks and spills: Education Be aware that different materials pollute in different amounts. Make sure that each employee knows wha a igifica ill i f each aeial he e, ad ha i he aiae ee f igifica ad iigifica ill. Educate employees and subcontractors on potential dangers to humans and the environment from spills and leaks. Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce appropriate disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). Establish a continuing education program to indoctrinate new employees. Hae cac eiede eeeaie eee ad ef ce proper spill prevention and control measures. General Measures To the extent that the work can be accomplished safely, spills of oil, petroleum products, substances listed under 40 CFR parts 110,117, and 302, and sanitary and septic wastes should be contained and cleaned up immediately. Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers and protect from vandalism. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. Train employees in spill prevention and cleanup. Designate responsible individuals to oversee and enforce control measures. Spills should be covered and protected from stormwater runon during rainfall to the extent ha i de cie clea aciiie. Do not bury or wash spills with water. Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Store and dispose of used clean up materials, contaminated materials, and recovered spill material that is no longer suitable for the intended purpose in conformance with the provisions in applicable BMPs. Do not allow water used for cleaning and decontamination to enter storm drains or watercourses. Collect and dispose of contaminated water in accordance with WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. Contain water overflow or minor water spillage and do not allow it to discharge into drainage facilities or watercourses. Place proper storage, cleanup, and spill reporting instructions for hazardous materials stored or used on the project site in an open, conspicuous, and accessible location. Keep waste storage areas clean, well organized, and equipped with ample cleanup supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored. Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers, and liners should be repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function. Cleanup Clean up leaks and spills immediately. Use a rag for small spills on paved surfaces, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to either a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Clean up as much of the material as possible and dispose of properly. See the waste management BMPs in this section for specific information. Minor Spills Minor spills typically involve small quantities of oil, gasoline, paint, etc. which can be controlled by the first responder at the discovery of the spill. Use absorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Absorbent materials should be promptly removed and disposed of properly. Follow the practice below for a minor spill: - Contain the spread of the spill. - Recover spilled materials. - Clean the contaminated area and properly dispose of contaminated materials. Semi-Significant Spills Semi-significant spills still can be controlled by the first responder along with the aid of other personnel such as laborers and the foreman, etc. This response may require the cessation of all other activities. Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Spills should be cleaned up immediately: - Contain spread of the spill. - Notify the project foreman immediately. - If the spill occurs on paved or impermeable surfaces, clean up using "dry" methods (absorbent materials, cat litter and/or rags). Contain the spill by encircling with absorbent materials and do not let the spill spread widely. - If the spill occurs in dirt areas, immediately contain the spill by constructing an earthen dike. Dig up and properly dispose of contaminated soil. - If the spill occurs during rain, cover spill with tarps or other material to prevent contaminating runoff. Significant/Hazardous Spills For significant or hazardous spills that cannot be controlled by personnel in the immediate vicinity, the following steps should be taken: - Notify the local emergency response by dialing 911. In addition to 911, the contractor will notify the proper county officials. It is the contractor's responsibility to have all emergency phone numbers at the construction site. - Notify the Governor's Office of Emergency Services Warning Center, (916) 845-8911. - For spills of federal reportable quantities, in conformance with the requirements in 40 CFR parts 110,119, and 302, the contractor should notify the National Response Center at (800) 424-8802. - Notification should first be made by telephone and followed up with a written report. - The services of a ill contractor or a Haz-Mat team should be obtained immediately. Construction personnel should not attempt to clean up until the appropriate and qualified staffs have arrived at the job site. - Other agencies which may need to be consulted include, but are not limited to, the Fire Department, the Public Works Department, the Coast Guard, the Highway Patrol, the City/County Police Department, Department of Toxic Substances, California Division of Oil and Gas, Cal/OSHA, etc. Reporting Report significant spills to local agencies, such as the Fire Department; they can assist in cleanup. Federal regulations require that any significant oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424-8802 (24 hours). Use the following measures related to specific activities: Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance If maintenance must occur onsite, use a designated area and a secondary containment, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of stormwater and the runoff of spills. Regularly inspect onsite vehicles and equipment for leaks and repair immediately Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment onsite. Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when not in use. Use absorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Remove the absorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. Pl afe ed flid he e ae ecclig d. D leae fll drip pans or other open containers lying around Oil filters disposed of in trashcans or dumpsters can leak oil and pollute stormwater. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil-recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask the oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling If fueling must occur onsite, use designate areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of stormwater and the runoff of spills. Dicage ig ff f fel ak. Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan, when fueling to catch spills/ leaks. Costs Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/ or disposal of contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Spill Prevention and Control WM-4 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Keep ample supplies of spill control and cleanup materials onsite, near storage, unloading, and maintenance areas. Update your spill prevention and control plan and stock cleanup materials as changes occur in the types of chemicals onsite. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Solid Waste Management WM-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Solid waste management procedures and practices are designed to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from solid or construction waste by providing designated waste collection areas and containers, arranging for regular disposal, and training employees and subcontractors. Suitable Applications This BMP is suitable for construction sites where the following wastes are generated or stored: Solid waste generated from trees and shrubs removed during land clearing, demolition of existing structures (rubble), and building construction Packaging materials including wood, paper, and plastic Scrap or surplus building materials including scrap metals, rubber, plastic, glass pieces, and masonry products Domestic wastes including food containers such as beverage cans, coffee cups, paper bags, plastic wrappers, and cigarettes Construction wastes including brick, mortar, timber, steel and metal scraps, pipe and electrical cuttings, non- hazardous equipment parts, styrofoam and other materials used to transport and package construction materials Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Solid Waste Management WM-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Highway planting wastes, including vegetative material, plant containers, and packaging materials Limitations Temporary stockpiling of certain construction wastes may not necessitate stringent drainage related controls during the non-rainy season or in desert areas with low rainfall. Implementation The following steps will help keep a clean site and reduce stormwater pollution: Select designated waste collection areas onsite. Inform trash-hauling contractors that you will accept only watertight dumpsters for onsite use. Inspect dumpsters for leaks and repair any dumpster that is not watertight. Locate containers in a covered area or in a secondary containment. Provide an adequate number of containers with lids or covers that can be placed over the container to keep rain out or to prevent loss of wastes when it is windy. Cover waste containers at the end of each work day and when it is raining. Plan for additional containers and more frequent pickup during the demolition phase of construction. Collect site trash daily, especially during rainy and windy conditions. Remove this solid waste promptly since erosion and sediment control devices tend to collect litter. Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. Do not hose out dumpsters on the construction site. Leave dumpster cleaning to the trash hauling contractor. Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow. Clean up immediately if a container does spill. Make sure that construction waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Education Hae he conaco peinenden o epeenaie oeee and enfoce pope olid waste management procedures and practices. Instruct employees and subcontractors on identification of solid waste and hazardous waste. Educate employees and subcontractors on solid waste storage and disposal procedures. Solid Waste Management WM-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). Require that employees and subcontractors follow solid waste handling and storage procedures. Prohibit littering by employees, subcontractors, and visitors. Minimize production of solid waste materials wherever possible. Collection, Storage, and Disposal Littering on the project site should be prohibited. To prevent clogging of the storm drainage system, litter and debris removal from drainage grates, trash racks, and ditch lines should be a priority. Tah ecepacle hold be poided in he conaco ad, field aile aea, and a locations where workers congregate for lunch and break periods. Litter from work areas within the construction limits of the project site should be collected and placed in watertight dumpsters at least weekly, regardless of whether the litter was generated by the contractor, the public, or others. Collected litter and debris should not be placed in or next to drain inlets, stormwater drainage systems, or watercourses. Dumpsters of sufficient size and number should be provided to contain the solid waste generated by the project. Full dumpsters should be removed from the project site and the contents should be disposed of by the trash hauling contractor. Construction debris and waste should be removed from the site biweekly or more frequently as needed. Construction material visible to the public should be stored or stacked in an orderly manner. Stormwater runon should be prevented from contacting stored solid waste through the use of berms, dikes, or other temporary diversion structures or through the use of measures to elevate waste from site surfaces. Solid waste storage areas should be located at least 50 ft from drainage facilities and watercourses and should not be located in areas prone to flooding or ponding. Except during fair weather, construction and highway planting waste not stored in watertight dumpsters should be securely covered from wind and rain by covering the waste with tarps or plastic. Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site waste. Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. Solid Waste Management WM-5 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org For disposal of hazardous waste, see WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management. Have hazardous waste hauled to an appropriate disposal and/or recycling facility. Salvage or recycle useful vegetation debris, packaging and surplus building materials when practical. For example, trees and shrubs from land clearing can be used as a brush barrier, or converted into wood chips, then used as mulch on graded areas. Wood pallets, cardboard boxes, and construction scraps can also be recycled. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur Inspect construction waste area regularly. Arrange for regular waste collection. References Processes, Procedures and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from All Construction Activity, 430/9-73-007, USEPA, 1973. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from hazardous waste through proper material use, waste disposal, and training of employees and subcontractors. Suitable Applications This best management practice (BMP) applies to all construction projects. Hazardous waste management practices are implemented on construction projects that generate waste from the use of: Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. - Petroleum Products - Asphalt Products - Concrete Curing Compounds - Pesticides - Palliatives - Acids - Septic Wastes - Paints - Stains - Solvents - Wood Preservatives - Roofing Tar - Any materials deemed a hazardous waste in California, Title 22 Division 4.5, or listed in 40 CFR Parts 110, 117, 261, or 302 Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org In addition, sites with existing structures may contain wastes, which must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state, and local regulations. These wastes include: Sandblasting grit mixed with lead-, cadmium-, or chromium-based paints Asbestos PCBs (particularly in older transformers) Limitations Hazardous waste that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. Nothing in this BMP relieves the contractor from responsibility for compliance with federal, state, and local laws regarding storage, handling, transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes. This BMP does not cover aerially deposited lead (ADL) soils. For ADL soils refer to WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management. Implementation The following steps will help reduce stormwater pollution from hazardous wastes: Material Use Wastes should be stored in sealed containers constructed of a suitable material and should be labeled as required by Title 22 CCR, Division 4.5 and 49 CFR Parts 172, 173, 178, and 179. All hazardous waste should be stored, transported, and disposed as required in Title 22 CCR, Division 4.5 and 49 CFR 261-263. Waste containers should be stored in temporary containment facilities that should comply with the following requirements: - Temporary containment facility should provide for a spill containment volume equal to 1.5 times the volume of all containers able to contain precipitation from a 25-year storm event, plus the greater of 10% of the aggregate volume of all containers or 100% of the capacity of the largest tank within its boundary, whichever is greater. - Temporary containment facility should be impervious to the materials stored there for a minimum contact time of 72 hours. - Temporary containment facilities should be maintained free of accumulated rainwater and spills. In the event of spills or leaks, accumulated rainwater and spills should be placed into drums after each rainfall. These liquids should be handled as a hazardous waste unless testing determines them to be non-hazardous. Non-hazardous liquids should be sent to an approved disposal site. - Sufficient separation should be provided between stored containers to allow for spill cleanup and emergency response access. Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org - Incompatible materials, such as chlorine and ammonia, should not be stored in the same temporary containment facility. - Throughout the rainy season, temporary containment facilities should be covered during non-working days, and prior to rain events. Covered facilities may include use of plastic tarps for small facilities or constructed roofs with overhangs. Drums should not be overfilled, and wastes should not be mixed. Unless watertight, containers of dry waste should be stored on pallets. Do not over-apply herbicides and pesticides. Prepare only the amount needed. Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over application is expensive and environmentally harmful. Apply surface dressings in several smaller applications, as opposed to one large application. Allow time for infiltration and avoid excess material being carried offsite by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals just before it rains. People applying pesticides must be certified in accordance with federal and state regulations. Paint brushes and equipment for water and oil-based paints should be cleaned within a contained area and should not be allowed to contaminate site soils, watercourses, or drainage systems. Waste paints, thinners, solvents, residues, and sludges that cannot be recycled or reused should be disposed of as hazardous waste. When thoroughly dry, latex paint and paint cans, used brushes, rags, absorbent materials, and drop cloths should be disposed of as solid waste. Do not clean out brushes or rinse paint containers into the dirt, street, gutter, storm drain, or stream. “aint out brushes as much as possible. Rinse water-based paints to the sanitary sewer. Filter and reuse thinners and solvents. Dispose of excess oil-based paints and sludge as hazardous waste. The following actions should be taken with respect to temporary contaminant: - Ensure that adequate hazardous waste storage volume is available. - Ensure that hazardous waste collection containers are conveniently located. - Designate hazardous waste storage areas onsite away from storm drains or watercourses and away from moving vehicles and equipment to prevent accidental spills. - Minimize production or generation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste on the job site. - Use containment berms in fueling and maintenance areas and where the potential for spills is high. - Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site debris. - Keep liquid or semi-liquid hazardous waste in appropriate containers (closed drums or similar) and under cover. Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org - Clearly label all hazardous waste containers with the waste being stored and the date of accumulation. - Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment. - Do not allow potentially hazardous waste materials to accumulate on the ground. - Do not mix wastes. - Use all of the product before disposing of the container. - Do not remove the original product label; it contains important safety and disposal information. Waste Recycling Disposal Select designated hazardous waste collection areas onsite. Hazardous materials and wastes should be stored in covered containers and protected from vandalism. Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment. Do not mix wastes, this can cause chemical reactions, making recycling impossible and complicating disposal. Recycle any useful materials such as used oil or water-based paint. Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow. Make sure that hazardous waste (e.g., excess oil-based paint and sludge) is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Disposal Procedures Waste should be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste transporter at an authorized and licensed disposal facility or recycling facility utilizing properly completed Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest forms. A Department of Health Services certified laboratory should sample waste to determine the appropriate disposal facility. Properly dispose of rainwater in secondary containment that may have mixed with hazardous waste. Attention is directed to "Hazardous Material", "Contaminated Material", and "Aerially Deposited Lead" of the contract documents regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous materials. Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Education Educate employees and subcontractors on hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures. Educate employees and subcontractors on potential dangers to humans and the environment from hazardous wastes. Instruct employees and subcontractors on safety procedures for common construction site hazardous wastes. Instruct employees and subcontractors in identification of hazardous and solid waste. Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce hazardous waste management procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). The contractors superintendent or representative should oversee and enforce proper hazardous waste management procedures and practices. Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Warning signs should be placed in areas recently treated with chemicals. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. If a container does spill, clean up immediately. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur Hazardous waste should be regularly collected. A foreman or construction supervisor should monitor onsite hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures. Waste storage areas should be kept clean, well organized, and equipped with ample cleanup supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored. Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers, and liners should be repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function. Hazardous Waste Management WM-6 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 6 Construction www.casqa.org Hazardous spills should be cleaned up and reported in conformance with the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and the instructions posted at the project site. The National Response Center, at (800) 424-8802, should be notified of spills of federal reportable quantities in conformance with the requirements in 40 CFR parts 110, 117, and 302. Also notify the Governors Office of Emergency Services Warning Center at (916) 845- 8911. A copy of the hazardous waste manifests should be provided. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Processes, Procedures and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from All Construction Activity, 430/9-73-007, USEPA, 1973. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Contaminated Soil Management WM-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from contaminated soil and highly acidic or alkaline soils by conducting pre-construction surveys, inspecting excavations regularly, and remediating contaminated soil promptly. Suitable Applications Contaminated soil management is implemented on construction projects in highly urbanized or industrial areas where soil contamination may have occurred due to spills, illicit discharges, aerial deposition, past use and leaks from underground storage tanks. Limitations Contaminated soils that cannot be treated onsite must be disposed of offsite by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. The presence of contaminated soil may indicate contaminated water as well. See NS-2, Dewatering Operations, for more information. The procedures and practices presented in this BMP are general. The contractor should identify appropriate practices and procedures for the specific contaminants known to exist or discovered onsite. Implementation Most owners and developers conduct pre-construction environmental assessments as a matter of routine. Contaminated soils are often identified during project planning and development with known locations identified in the plans, specifications and in the SWPPP. The contractor should review applicable reports and investigate appropriate call-outs in the Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Contaminated Soil Management WM-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org plans, specifications, and SWPPP. Recent court rulings holding contractors liable for cleanup costs when they unknowingly move contaminated soil highlight the need for contractors to confirm a site assessment is completed before earth moving begins. The following steps will help reduce stormwater pollution from contaminated soil: Conduct thorough, pre-construction inspections of the site and review documents related to the site. If inspection or reviews indicated presence of contaminated soils, develop a plan before starting work. Look for contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors, differences in soil properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes, or buried debris. Prevent leaks and spills. Contaminated soil can be expensive to treat and dispose of properly. However, addressing the problem before construction is much less expensive than after the structures are in place. The contractor may further identify contaminated soils by investigating: - Past site uses and activities - Detected or undetected spills and leaks - Acid or alkaline solutions from exposed soil or rock formations high in acid or alkaline forming elements - Contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors, differences in soil properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes, or buried debris. - Suspected soils should be tested at a certified laboratory. Education Have employees and subcontractors complete a safety training program which meets 29 CFR 1910.120 and 8 CCR 5192 covering the potential hazards as identified, prior to performing any excavation work at the locations containing material classified as hazardous. Educate employees and subcontractors in identification of contaminated soil and on contaminated soil handling and disposal procedures. Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). Handling Procedures for Material with Aerially Deposited Lead (ADL) Materials from areas designated as containing (ADL) may, if allowed by the contract special provisions, be excavated, transported, and used in the construction of embankments and/or backfill. Excavation, transportation, and placement operations should result in no visible dust. Caution should be exercised to prevent spillage of lead containing material during transport. Contaminated Soil Management WM-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Quality should be monitored during excavation of soils contaminated with lead. Handling Procedures for Contaminated Soils Minimize onsite storage. Contaminated soil should be disposed of properly in accordance with all applicable regulations. All hazardous waste storage will comply with the requirements in Title 22, CCR, Sections 66265.250 to 66265.260. Test suspected soils at an approved certified laboratory. Work with the local regulatory agencies to develop options for treatment or disposal if the soil is contaminated. Avoid temporary stockpiling of contaminated soils or hazardous material. Take the following precautions if temporary stockpiling is necessary: - Cover the stockpile with plastic sheeting or tarps. - Install a berm around the stockpile to prevent runoff from leaving the area. - Do not stockpile in or near storm drains or watercourses. Remove contaminated material and hazardous material on exteriors of transport vehicles and place either into the current transport vehicle or into the excavation prior to the vehicle leaving the exclusion zone. Monitor the air quality continuously during excavation operations at all locations containing hazardous material. Procure all permits and licenses, pay all charges and fees, and give all notices necessary and incident to the due and lawful prosecution of the work, including registration for transporting vehicles carrying the contaminated material and the hazardous material. Collect water from decontamination procedures and treat or dispose of it at an appropriate disposal site. Collect non-reusable protective equipment, once used by any personnel, and dispose of at an appropriate disposal site. Install temporary security fence to surround and secure the exclusion zone. Remove fencing when no longer needed. Excavate, transport, and dispose of contaminated material and hazardous material in accordance with the rules and regulations of the following agencies (the specifications of these agencies supersede the procedures outlined in this BMP): - United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) - United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) - California Environmental Protection Agency (CAL-EPA) Contaminated Soil Management WM-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org - California Division of Occupation Safety and Health Administration (CAL-OSHA) - Local regulatory agencies Procedures for Underground Storage Tank Removals Prior to commencing tank removal operations, obtain the required underground storage tank removal permits and approval from the federal, state, and local agencies that have jurisdiction over such work. To determine if it contains hazardous substances, arrange to have tested, any liquid or sludge found in the underground tank prior to its removal. Following the tank removal, take soil samples beneath the excavated tank and perform analysis as required by the local agency representative(s). The underground storage tank, any liquid or sludge found within the tank, and all contaminated substances and hazardous substances removed during the tank removal and transported to disposal facilities permitted to accept such waste. Water Control All necessary precautions and preventive measures should be taken to prevent the flow of water, including ground water, from mixing with hazardous substances or underground storage tank excavations. Such preventative measures may consist of, but are not limited to, berms, cofferdams, grout curtains, freeze walls, and seal course concrete or any combination thereof. If water does enter an excavation and becomes contaminated, such water, when necessary to proceed with the work, should be discharged to clean, closed top, watertight transportable holding tanks, treated, and disposed of in accordance with federal, state, and local laws. Costs Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment or disposal of contaminated soil can be quite expensive. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect BMPs in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Aage f cac Wae Plli Cl Maage, fea, ad/ cci supervisor to monitor onsite contaminated soil storage and disposal procedures. Monitor air quality continuously during excavation operations at all locations containing hazardous material. Coordinate contaminated soils and hazardous substances/waste management with the appropriate federal, state, and local agencies. Contaminated Soil Management WM-7 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Construction www.casqa.org Implement WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control, to prevent leaks and spills as much as possible. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Processes, Procedures and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from All Construction Activity, 430/9-73-007, USEPA, 1973. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Prevent the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from concrete waste by conducting washout onsite or offsite in a designated area, and by employee and subcontractor training. The General Permit incorporates Numeric Action Levels (NAL) for pH (see Section 2 of this handbook to determine your pojec risk level and if you are subject to these requirements). Many types of construction materials, including mortar, concrete, stucco, cement and block and their associated wastes have basic chemical properties that can raise pH levels outside of the permitted range. Additional care should be taken when managing these materials to prevent them from coming into contact with stormwater flows and raising pH to levels outside the accepted range. Suitable Applications Concrete waste management procedures and practices are implemented on construction projects where: Concrete is used as a construction material or where concrete dust and debris result from demolition activities. Slurries containing Portland cement concrete (PCC) are generated, such as from saw cutting, coring, grinding, grooving, and hydro-concrete demolition. Concrete trucks and other concrete-coated equipment are washed onsite. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Mortar-mixing stations exist. Stucco mixing and spraying. See also NS-8, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning. Limitations Offsite washout of concrete wastes may not always be possible. Multiple washouts may be needed to assure adequate capacity and to allow for evaporation. Implementation The following steps will help reduce stormwater pollution from concrete wastes: Incorporate requirements for concrete waste management into material supplier and subcontractor agreements. Store dry and wet materials under cover, away from drainage areas. Refer to WM-1, Material Delivery and Storage for more information. Avoid mixing excess amounts of concrete. Perform washout of concrete trucks in designated areas only, where washout will not reach stormwater. Do not wash out concrete trucks into storm drains, open ditches, streets, streams or onto the ground. Trucks should always be washed out into designated facilities. Do not allow excess concrete to be dumped onsite, except in designated areas. For onsite washout: - On larger sites, it is recommended to locate washout areas at least 50 feet from storm drains, open ditches, or water bodies. Do not allow runoff from this area by constructing a temporary pit or bermed area large enough for liquid and solid waste. - Washout wastes into the temporary washout where the concrete can set, be broken up, and then disposed properly. - Washouts shall be implemented in a manner that prevents leaching to underlying soils. Washout containers must be water tight and washouts on or in the ground must be lined with a suitable impervious liner, typically a plastic type material. Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stockpile or dispose in the trash. See typical concrete washout installation details at the end of this fact sheet. Education Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on the concrete waste management techniques described herein. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Aange fo conaco peinenden o epeenaie o oeee and enforce concrete waste management procedures. Discuss the concrete management techniques described in this BMP (such as handling of concrete waste and washout) with the ready-mix concrete supplier before any deliveries are made. Concrete Demolition Wastes Stockpile concrete demolition waste in accordance with BMP WM-3, Stockpile Management. Dispose of or recycle hardened concrete waste in accordance with applicable federal, state or local regulations. Concrete Slurry Wastes PCC and AC waste should not be allowed to enter storm drains or watercourses. PCC and AC waste should be collected and disposed of or placed in a temporary concrete washout facility (as described in Onsite Temporary Concrete Washout Facility, Concrete Transit Truck Washout Procedures, below). A foreman or construction supervisor should monitor onsite concrete working tasks, such as saw cutting, coring, grinding and grooving to ensure proper methods are implemented. Saw-cut concrete slurry should not be allowed to enter storm drains or watercourses. Residue from grinding operations should be picked up by means of a vacuum attachment to the grinding machine or by sweeping. Saw cutting residue should not be allowed to flow across the pavement and should not be left on the surface of the pavement. See also NS-3, Paving and Grinding Operations; and WM-10, Liquid Waste Management. Concrete slurry residue should be disposed in a temporary washout facility (as described in Onsite Temporary Concrete Washout Facility, Concrete Transit Truck Washout Procedures, below) and allowed to dry. Dispose of dry slurry residue in accordance with WM-5, Solid Waste Management. Onsite Temporary Concrete Washout Facility, Transit Truck Washout Procedures Temporary concrete washout facilities should be located a minimum of 50 ft from storm drain inlets, open drainage facilities, and watercourses. Each facility should be located away from construction traffic or access areas to prevent disturbance or tracking. A sign should be installed adjacent to each washout facility to inform concrete equipment operators to utilize the proper facilities. Temporary concrete washout facilities should be constructed above grade or below grade at the option of the contractor. Temporary concrete washout facilities should be constructed and maintained in sufficient quantity and size to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary washout facilities should have a temporary pit or bermed areas of sufficient volume to completely contain all liquid and waste concrete materials generated during washout procedures. Temporary washout facilities should be lined to prevent discharge to the underlying ground or surrounding area. Washout of concrete trucks should be performed in designated areas only. Only concrete from mixer truck chutes should be washed into concrete wash out. Concrete washout from concrete pumper bins can be washed into concrete pumper trucks and discharged into designated washout area or properly disposed of or recycled offsite. Once concrete wastes are washed into the designated area and allowed to harden, the concrete should be broken up, removed, and disposed of per WM-5, Solid Waste Management. Dispose of or recycle hardened concrete on a regular basis. Temporary Concrete Washout Facility (Type Above Grade) - Temporary concrete washout facility (type above grade) should be constructed as shown on the details at the end of this BMP, with a recommended minimum length and minimum width of 10 ft; however, smaller sites or jobs may only need a smaller washout facility. With any washout, always maintain a sufficient quantity and volume to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. - Materials used to construct the washout area should conform to the provisions detailed in their respective BMPs (e.g., SE-8 Sandbag Barrier). - Plastic lining material should be a minimum of 10 mil in polyethylene sheeting and should be free of holes, tears, or other defects that compromise the impermeability of the material. - Alternatively, portable removable containers can be used as above grade concrete washouts. Also called a oll-off; hi concee aho facility should be properly sealed to prevent leakage and should be removed from the site and replaced when the container reaches 75% capacity. Temporary Concrete Washout Facility (Type Below Grade) - Temporary concrete washout facilities (type below grade) should be constructed as shown on the details at the end of this BMP, with a recommended minimum length and minimum width of 10 ft. The quantity and volume should be sufficient to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations. - Lath and flagging should be commercial type. - Plastic lining material should be a minimum of 10 mil polyethylene sheeting and should be free of holes, tears, or other defects that compromise the impermeability of the material. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 5 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org - The base of a washout facility should be free of rock or debris that may damage a plastic liner. Removal of Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities When temporary concrete washout facilities are no longer required for the work, the hardened concrete should be removed and properly disposed or recycled in accordance with federal, state or local regulations. Materials used to construct temporary concrete washout facilities should be removed from the site of the work and properly disposed or recycled in accordance with federal, state or local regulations. Holes, depressions or other ground disturbance caused by the removal of the temporary concrete washout facilities should be backfilled and repaired. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Roll-0ff concrete washout facilities can be more costly than other measures due to removal and replacement; however, provide a cleaner alternative to traditional washouts. The type of washout facility, size, and availability of materials will determine the cost of the washout. Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Temporary concrete washout facilities should be maintained to provide adequate holding capacity with a minimum freeboard of 4 in. for above grade facilities and 12 in. for below grade facilities. Maintaining temporary concrete washout facilities should include removing and disposing of hardened concrete and returning the facilities to a functional condition. Hardened concrete materials should be removed and properly disposed or recycled in accordance with federal, state or local regulations. Washout facilities must be cleaned, or new facilities must be constructed and ready for use once the washout is 75% full. Inspect washout facilities for damage (e.g. torn liner, evidence of leaks, signage, etc.). Repair all identified damage. References Blueprint for a Clean Bay: Best Management Practices to Prevent Stormwater Pollution from Construction Related Activities; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1995. Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000, Updated March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 6 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Concrete Waste Management WM-8 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 7 of 7 Construction www.casqa.org Sanitary/Septic Waste Management WM-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Proper sanitary and septic waste management prevent the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from sanitary and septic waste by providing convenient, well-maintained facilities, and arranging for regular service and disposal. Suitable Applications Sanitary septic waste management practices are suitable for use at all construction sites that use temporary or portable sanitary and septic waste systems. Limitations None identified. Implementation Sanitary or septic wastes should be treated or disposed of in accordance with state and local requirements. In many cases, one contract with a local facility supplier will be all that it takes to make sure sanitary wastes are properly disposed. Storage and Disposal Procedures Temporary sanitary facilities should be located away from drainage facilities, watercourses, and from traffic circulation. If site conditions allow, place portable facilities a minimum of 50 feet from drainage conveyances and traffic areas. When subjected to high winds or risk of high winds, temporary sanitary facilities should be secured to prevent overturning. Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Category Secondary Category Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Sanitary/Septic Waste Management WM-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Temporary sanitary facilities must be equipped with containment to prevent discharge of pollutants to the stormwater drainage system of the receiving water. Consider safety as well as environmental implications before placing temporary sanitary facilities. Wastewater should not be discharged or buried within the project site. Sanitary and septic systems that discharge directly into sanitary sewer systems, where permissible, should comply with the local health agency, city, county, and sewer district requirements. Only reputable, licensed sanitary and septic waste haulers should be used. Sanitary facilities should be located in a convenient location. Temporary septic systems should treat wastes to appropriate levels before discharging. If using an onsite disposal system (OSDS), such as a septic system, local health agency requirements must be followed. Temporary sanitary facilities that discharge to the sanitary sewer system should be properly connected to avoid illicit discharges. Sanitary and septic facilities should be maintained in good working order by a licensed service. Regular waste collection by a licensed hauler should be arranged before facilities overflow. If a spill does occur from a temporary sanitary facility, follow federal, state and local regulations for containment and clean-up. Education Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on sanitary and septic waste storage and disposal procedures. Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers of potential dangers to humans and the environment from sanitary and septic wastes. Instruct employees, subcontractors, and suppliers in identification of sanitary and septic waste. Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce the use of sanitary facilities (incorporate into regular safety meetings). Establish a continuing education program to indoctrinate new employees. Costs All of the above are low cost measures. Sanitary/Septic Waste Management WM-9 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Construction www.casqa.org Inspection and Maintenance BMPs must be inspected in accordance with General Permit requirements for the associated project type and risk level. It is recommended that at a minimum, BMPs be inspected weekly, prior to forecasted rain events, daily during extended rain events, and after the conclusion of rain events. Arrange for regular waste collection. If high winds are expected, portable sanitary facilities must be secured with spikes or weighed down to prevent over turning. If spills or leaks from sanitary or septic facilities occur that are not contained and discharge from the site, non-visible sampling of site discharge may be required. Refer to the General Permit or to your project specific Construction Site Monitoring Plan to determine if and where sampling is required. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), March 2003. Stormwater Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practice, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Liquid Waste Management WM-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 1 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Description and Purpose Liquid waste management includes procedures and practices to prevent discharge of pollutants to the storm drain system or to watercourses as a result of the creation, collection, and disposal of non-hazardous liquid wastes. Suitable Applications Liquid waste management is applicable to construction projects that generate any of the following non-hazardous by-products, residuals, or wastes: Drilling slurries and drilling fluids Grease-free and oil-free wastewater and rinse water Dredgings Other non-stormwater liquid discharges not permitted by separate permits Limitations Disposal of some liquid wastes may be subject to specific laws and regulations or to requirements of other permits secured for the construction project (e.g., NPDES permits, Army Corps permits, Coastal Commission permits, etc.). Liquid waste management does not apply to dewatering operations (NS-2 Dewatering Operations), solid waste management (WM-5, Solid Waste Management), hazardous wastes (WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management), or Categories EC Erosion Control SE Sediment Control TC Tracking Control WE Wind Erosion Control NS Non-Stormwater Management Control WM Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control Legend: Primary Objective Secondary Objective Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Potential Alternatives None If User/Subscriber modifies this fact sheet in any way, the CASQA name/logo and footer below must be removed from each page and not appear on the modified version. Liquid Waste Management WM-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 2 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org concrete slurry residue (WM-8, Concrete Waste Management). Typical permitted non-stormwater discharges can include: water line flushing; landscape irrigation; diverted stream flows; rising ground waters; uncontaminated pumped ground water; discharges from potable water sources; foundation drains; irrigation water; springs; water from crawl space pumps; footing drains; lawn watering; flows from riparian habitats and wetlands; and discharges or flows from emergency fire fighting activities. Implementation General Practices Instruct employees and subcontractors how to safely differentiate between non-hazardous liquid waste and potential or known hazardous liquid waste. Instruct employees, subcontractors, and suppliers that it is unacceptable for any liquid waste to enter any storm drainage device, waterway, or receiving water. Educate employees and subcontractors on liquid waste generating activities and liquid waste storage and disposal procedures. Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings). Verify which non-stormwater discharges are permitted by the statewide NPDES permit; different regions might have different requirements not outlined in this permit. Apply NS-8, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning for managing wash water and rinse water from vehicle and equipment cleaning operations. Containing Liquid Wastes Drilling residue and drilling fluids should not be allowed to enter storm drains and watercourses and should be disposed of. If an appropriate location is available, drilling residue and drilling fluids that are exempt under Title 23, CCR § 2511(g) may be dried by infiltration and evaporation in a containment facility constructed in conformance with the provisions concerning the Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities detailed in WM-8, Concrete Waste Management. Liquid wastes generated as part of an operational procedure, such as water-laden dredged material and drilling mud, should be contained and not allowed to flow into drainage channels or receiving waters prior to treatment. Liquid wastes should be contained in a controlled area such as a holding pit, sediment basin, roll-off bin, or portable tank. Containment devices must be structurally sound and leak free. Containment devices must be of sufficient quantity or volume to completely contain the liquid wastes generated. Liquid Waste Management WM-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Precautions should be taken to avoid spills or accidental releases of contained liquid wastes. Apply the education measures and spill response procedures outlined in WM-4, Spill Prevention and Control. Containment areas or devices should not be located where accidental release of the contained liquid can threaten health or safety or discharge to water bodies, channels, or storm drains. Capturing Liquid Wastes Capture all liquid wastes that have the potential to affect the storm drainage system (such as wash water and rinse water from cleaning walls or pavement), before they run off a surface. Do not allow liquid wastes to flow or discharge uncontrolled. Use temporary dikes or berms to intercept flows and direct them to a containment area or device for capture. Use a sediment trap (SE-3, Sediment Trap) for capturing and treating sediment laden liquid waste or capture in a containment device and allow sediment to settle. Disposing of Liquid Wastes A typical method to handle liquid waste is to dewater the contained liquid waste, using procedures such as described in NS-2, Dewatering Operations, and SE-2, Sediment Basin, and dispose of resulting solids per WM-5, Solid Waste Management. Methods of disposal for some liquid wastes may be prescribed in Water Quality Reports, NPDES permits, Environmental Impact Reports, 401 or 404 permits, and local agency discharge permits, etc. Review the SWPPP to see if disposal methods are identified. Liquid wastes, such as from dredged material, may require testing and certification whether it is hazardous or not before a disposal method can be determined. For disposal of hazardous waste, see WM-6, Hazardous Waste Management. If necessary, further treat liquid wastes prior to disposal. Treatment may include, though is not limited to, sedimentation, filtration, and chemical neutralization. Costs Prevention costs for liquid waste management are minimal. Costs increase if cleanup or fines are involved. Inspection and Maintenance Inspect and verify that activity–based BMPs are in place prior to the commencement of associated activities. While activities associated with the BMP are under way, inspect weekly during the rainy season and of two-week intervals in the non-rainy season to verify continued BMP implementation. Inspect BMPs subject to non-stormwater discharge daily while non-stormwater discharges occur. Liquid Waste Management WM-10 December 2019 CASQA BMP Handbook 4 of 4 Construction www.casqa.org Remove deposited solids in containment areas and capturing devices as needed and at the completion of the task. Dispose of any solids as described in WM-5, Solid Waste Management. Inspect containment areas and capturing devices and repair as needed. References Stormwater Quality Handbooks - Construction Site Best Management Practices (BMPs) Manual, State of California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), November 2000. APPENDIX H DESCRIPTION OF POST-CONSTRUCTION BMPS SEE SEPARATE WQMP APPENDIX I RESPONSIBLE PARTIES AND CONTRACTORS SWPPP Responsibilities Refer to Section 1.2 for a Description of Responsible Parties Contractors and Subcontractors Area of Responsibility Company Name Contact Name Phone Number Email Address Appliances Cabinetry (Turnkey) Concrete Testing Cultured Marble/Marblestone/Piedrafina Drywall Labor Drywall Supply Electrical & Structured Wire Electrical Fixtures Fencing Finish Cleaning Fire Sprinklers Flatwork Floor Coverings Floor Coverings Foundations At the time of this SWPPP preparation Pulte has not yet completed awarding subcontractor contracts. This section will be updated when completed. Currently Pulte Home Company LLC is acting as Contractor. David Dewegeli Manager of Land Planning & Entitlements : : SCal Division 27401 Los Altos, Suite 400 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Direct (760) 578-9334 David.Dewegeli@pultegroup.com Framing Labor Area of Responsibility Company Name Contact Name Phone Number Email Address Garage Door Granite Gutters HVAC I-Joist / Open Web Insulation Landscape Lumber Masonry Mirrors/ Enclosures Painting Photovoltaic Plumbing Roof Trusses Roofing Rough Cleaning Stair Rails Stucco Termite Pre-Treat Title 24 Trim Labor & Supply & Door Hardware Waterproofing Window Coverings (optional) Windows APPENDIX J COMPLETED FORMS (PLACE NEWEST ON TOP) APPENDIX K PERMIT REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS (PRDS) AND OTHER NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) WDID RECEIPT LETTER APPROVED SIGNATORY AUTHORIZATION RISK DETERMINATION POST CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENT DOCUMENTATION NOTICE OF TERMINATION (NOT) State Water Resources Control Board GENERAL PERMIT TO DISCHARGE STORM WATER ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY (WQ ORDER No. 2009-0009-DWQ) 0.1 Ste 400 Pulte Home Company LLC bob.paradise@pulte.com Robert Paradise 0.62 90 Acres SW Corner of Portola Rd and Gerald Ford Dr 760-349-7491 7 33C401588 Director of Land Development Director of Land Development Mission Viejo CA 92691 Erika Horn Robert Paradise 25640 -116.377 Palm Desert CA 92211 Robert Paradise Del Webb Explore No Mission Viejo CA 92691 951-258-6001 bob.paradise@pulte.com Region 7 - Colorado River Basin Ste 400 bob.paradise@pulte.com 27401 Los Altos 33.7799 Riverside August 21, 2023 Director of Land Development Coachella Valley Stormwater Channel Robert Paradise Director of Land Development *Residential Level1 Pulte Home Company LLC 951-258-6001 951-258-6001 r7_stormwater@waterboards.ca.gov 91.68 August 20, 2031 August 08, 2023 Private Business 90 Acres 27401 Los Altos WDID:Risk Level: Property Owner Information Type: Name: Address: Address 2: City/State/Zip: Contractor/Developer Information Contact Name: Title: Phone Number: Email Address: Contact Name: Title: Phone Number: Email Address: Construction Site Information Name: Address: Address 2: City/State/Zip: Site Name: Address: City/State/Zip: County: Latitude:Longitude: Contact Name:Title: Site Phone #: Email Address: Total Size of Construction Area: Total Area to be Disturbed: Construction Start: Complete Grading: Final Stabilization: Type of Construction: Receiving Water: Qualified SWPPP Developer: RWQCB Jurisdiction: Phone:Email: Risk Values R:K:LS:Beneficial Uses/303(d): Name: Certification Certification #: Date: Title: WDID: Post Construction Information State Water Resources Control Board GENERAL PERMIT TO DISCHARGE STORM WATER ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY (WQ ORDER No. 2009-0009-DWQ) 7 33C401588 Is the project located within a permitted Phase I or Phase II Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System?: WDID: Approved Date: RECEIPT OF YOUR NOTICE OF INTENT (NOI) The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) has received and processed your NOI to comply with the terms of the General Permit to Discharger Storm Water Associated with Construction Activity. Accordingly, you are required to comply with the permit requirements. The Waste Discharger Identification (WDID) number is: . Please use this number in any future communication regarding this permit. SITE DESCRIPTION OWNER: DEVELOPER: SITE INFORMATION: TOTAL DISTURBED ACRES: START DATE: COMPLETION DATE: COUNTY: When the Owner changes , a new NOI, site map, and fee must be submitted by the new Owner. As the previous owner, you are required to submit a Notice of Termination (NOT) to the local Regional Water Board stating you no longer own or operate the Site and coverage under the General Permit is not required. Unless notified, you will continue and are responsible to pay the annual fee invoiced each If you have any questions regarding permit requirements, please contact your Regional Water Board at . Please visit the storm water web site at http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/stormwater/ to obtain an NOT and other storm water related information and forms. Sincerely, Storm Water Section Division of Water Quality 7 33C401588 Palm Desert www.waterboards.ca.gov, ph:1-866-563-3107, fax:(916) 341-5543 Pulte Home Company LLC 1001 I Street, PO Box 1977, Sacramento, California, 95812 GAVIN NEWSOM JOAQUIN ESQUIVEL, CHAIR Pulte Home Company LLC August 14, 2023 Del Webb Explore 90 760-349-7491 EILEEN SOBECK, EXECUTIVE OFFICER YANA GARCIA Robert Paradise Pulte Home Company LLC SW Corner of Portola Rd and Gerald Ford Dr Mission Viejo CA 92691 August 20, 2031 27401 Los Altos Ste 400 Riverside July. State Water Resources Control Board August 21, 2023 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 A B C Entry 91.68 0.1 0.62 Watershed Erosion Estimate (=RxKxLS) in tons/acre Site Sediment Risk Factor Low Sediment Risk: < 15 tons/acre Medium Sediment Risk: >=15 and <75 tons/acre High Sediment Risk: >= 75 tons/acre K Factor Value LS Factor Value Low C) LS Factor (weighted average, by area, for all slopes) The soil-erodibility factor K represents: (1) susceptibility of soil or surface material to erosion, (2) transportability of the sediment, and (3) the amount and rate of runoff given a particular rainfall input, as measured under a standard condition. Fine-textured soils that are high in clay have low K values (about 0.05 to 0.15) because the particles are resistant to detachment. Coarse-textured soils, such as sandy soils, also have low K values (about 0.05 to 0.2) because of high infiltration resulting in low runoff even though these particles are easily detached. Medium-textured soils, such as a silt loam, have moderate K values (about 0.25 to 0.45) because they are moderately susceptible to particle detachment and they produce runoff at moderate rates. Soils having a high silt content are especially susceptible to erosion and have high K values, which can exceed 0.45 and can be as large as 0.65. Silt-size particles are easily detached and tend to crust, producing high rates and large volumes of runoff. Use Site-specific data must be submitted. The effect of topography on erosion is accounted for by the LS factor, which combines the effects of a hillslope-length factor, L, and a hillslope-gradient factor, S. Generally speaking, as hillslope length and/or hillslope gradient increase, soil loss increases. As hillslope length increases, total soil loss and soil loss per unit area increase due to the progressive accumulation of runoff in the downslope direction. As the hillslope gradient increases, the velocity and erosivity of runoff increases. Use the LS table located in separate tab of this spreadsheet to determine LS factors. Estimate the weighted LS for the site prior to construction. 5.68416 Site-specific K factor guidance LS Table Sediment Risk Factor Worksheet A) R Factor R Factor Value B) K Factor (weighted average, by area, for all site soils) Analyses of data indicated that when factors other than rainfall are held constant, soil loss is directly proportional to a rainfall factor composed of total storm kinetic energy (E) times the maximum 30-min intensity (I30) (Wischmeier and Smith, 1958). The numerical value of R is the average annual sum of EI30 for storm events during a rainfall record of at least 22 years. "Isoerodent" maps were developed based on R values calculated for more than 1000 locations in the Western U.S. Refer to the link below to determine the R factor for the project site. http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/LEW/lewCalculator.cfm Receiving Water (RW) Risk Factor Worksheet Entry Score A. Watershed Characteristics yes/no A.1. Does the disturbed area discharge (either directly or indirectly) to a 303(d)-listed waterbody impaired by sediment (For help with impaired waterbodies please visit the link below) or has a USEPA approved TMDL implementation plan for sediment ?: http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/integrated2010.shtml OR A.2. Does the disturbed area discharge to a waterbody with designated beneficial uses of SPAWN & COLD & MIGRATORY? 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WATERS k DATE: 2 /8/2021 0 2.5 5 7.5 10MI.I WHIT EWATERRIVER COA CH ELLAVALLEYSTORMWATERCHANNEL PRO JECTSITE APPENDIX L TRAINING DOCUMENTATION KCM Group, Inc. 1940 Garnet Avenue, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92109 Phone: 858-273-5400 – Fax: 858-273-5455 – Web: www.kcmgroup.net Training Log Note: Training will be reported in the Annual Report. This form is provided to record training information. Copies of completed forms and training certifications should be included in Appendix J. Project Name: Project Number/Location: Storm Water Management Topic: (check as appropriate)  Erosion Control  Sediment Control  Wind Erosion Control  Tracking Control  Non-stormwater management  Waste Management and Materials Pollution Control  Storm Water Sampling Specific Training Objective: Location: Date: Instructor: Telephone: Course Length (hours): Attendee Roster (attach additional forms if necessary) Name & Title Company Phone Stormwater Services Stormwater Services Del Webb Explore 7 33C401588 Appendix B Trained Contractor Personnel Log KCM Group, Inc. 1940 Garnet Avenue, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92109 Phone: 858-273-5400 – Fax: 858-273-5455 – Web: www.kcmgroup.net Name & Title Company Phone COMMENTS: Stormwater Services Erika Horn Jun 13, 2023 - Sep 01, 2025 Certificate # 25640 Angela Saxton Jul 12, 2023 - Oct 05, 2025 Certificate # 21311 Carlos Oliver May 16, 2023 - Aug 09, 2025 Certificate # 26438