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HomeMy WebLinkAboutChapter 8 SAFETYCHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 111 /S0S@.0.FYE.1;3.YFEY. S/ST.0.Y FT@P 0.E/YES<EY0FYA.FA .Y.T1YAEFA.E0>YAEF/YT.0;E. Y.T1Y /.T P /.1.Y=.I.E1<YSTY0=.Y3F;T0>Y.T1YA.E0S3SA.0ST@YQ;ES<1S30SFT<FYST3 ;1ST@YR. /Y T.<.E0J Y N<Y.Y3FT0E.30Y3S0>Y0=.0YE.3.S-.<YASE.Y<.E-S3.<YAEF/Y]S-.E<S1.Y8F;T0>F Y*=S3=Y3FT0E.30<Y *S0=Y0=.Y8. SAFETS.YT.A.E0/.T0YFAY[FE.<0E>Y.T1Y[SE.YREF0.30SFTY+8. Y[L]O9JYY K =.Y8S0>?<Y ASE.YE.<AFT<.Y.T1YAE.A.E.1T.<<YA .TTST@YS<Y3FT0.ST.1YSTY0=.Y]S-.E<S1.Y8F;T0>Y[SE.Y T.A.E0/.T0Y20E.0.@S3 YR .T eYAE.A.E.1YD>Y 0=.Y8F;T0>Y.T1Y8. Y[L]OJYYK=S<Y A .TYF;0 ST.<Y 0=.Y.30S-S0S.<YT.3.<<.E>Y0FYE.1;3.Y0F0. Y@F-.ET/.T0Y3F<0<Y.T1Y3S0SI.TY F<<.<YAEF/Y *S 1 .T1YASE.<JYYNYE.>Y3F/AFT.T0YFAY0=S<YAEF0.30SFTYFAY.<<.0<Y.0YES<EY0=EF;@=YAF3;<.1Y AE.P ASE.Y/.T.@./.T0YAE.<3ESA0SFT<Y.T1YST3E..<ST@YSTS0S. Y.00.3EY<;33.<<JY YLTY.11S0SFTFY 0=.Y8S0>Y=.<Y.1FA0.1Y0=.Y8. SAFETS.Y[SE.Y8F1.Y*S0=Y<F/.Y.1FA0SFT<Y*S0=STY8=.A0.EY U5J84 r YFAY0=.YR. /YT.<.E0Y Y;TS3SA. 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Y3FT1S0SFT<Y*S0=STY0 =.Y8S0>J YYY mf DsfotrfvfsPl t Seismic and Geologic Hazards R. /YT.<.E0YS<YSTY.YE.@SFTYDFE1.E.1YD>Y/F;T0.STYE.T@.<YFTY0=E..Y<S1.<JYN33FE1ST@Y0FY 0=.Y<0.0.Y/.AAST@YFAYA.; 0YIFT.<F YA;E<;.T0Y0FY0=.YN :;S<0P RESF FYO.E0=:;.E.Y[.; 0Y fFTST@YN30YFAYUbV8Y+R;D S3Y].<F;E3.<Y8F1.Y2.30SFT<Y848U g 84679FY0=.Y3S0>Y.T1Y0=.Y <A=.E.YFAYSTA ;.T3.Y+2`L9Y.E.YTF0Y F3.0.1YSTY.TY.30S-.YA.; 0YIFT.JYdFT.0=. .<<FY0=.Y .E..YS<YDFE1.E.1YD>Y0=E..Y.30S-.YA.; 0<JYK=.Y3 F<.<0YA.; 0Y0FY0=.Y3F//;TS0>YS<Y0=.Y2.TY NT1E..<Y[.; 0FY F3.0.1Y.AAEFSS/.0. >YAF;EY/S .<Y0FY0=.YTFE0=JY`0=.EYT..ED>Y A.; 0<Y ST3 ;1.Y0=.Y2.TY_.3ST0FY[.; 0FY F3.0.1Y.AAEFSS/.0. >YU7Y/S .<Y0FY0 =.Y<F;0=*.<0FY.T1Y 0=.YO <STFE.Y[.; 0FY F3.0.1Y.AAEFSS/.0. >Y67Y/S .<Y0FY0=.Y<F;0=*.<0JY[S@;E.Ya J UY AE.<.T0<YA.; 0Y ST.<YT..EYR. /YT.<.E0Y.T1Y0=.Y<A=.E.YFAYSTA ;.T3.J Y [.; 0YE;A0;E.YS<Y.YAES/.E>Y<.S</S3Y=.I.E1Y0=.0Y1.<3ESD.<Y0=.Y<;11.TYE. ..<.YFAY.T.E@>Y *=S3=YE.<; 0<YAEF/Y0=.Y< S1ST@YFAYFT.YA.E0YFAY0=.Y..E0=?<Y3E;<0YA.<0Y.TF0=.EJYNTY ..E0=:;.E.FYFEY@EF;T1Y<=.EST@FYS<Y.TF0=.EY0>A.YFAYAES/.E>Y<.S</S3Y=.I.E1JYK=F;<.T1<Y FAY..E0=:;.E.<YF33;EYAE.:;.T0 >YSTY2F;0=.ETY8. 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Y<.3FT1.E>Y<.S</S3Y=.I.E1<JYT;.Y0FY.Y 3F/DST.0SFTYFAY<0..AY< FA.<FY;T<0.D .Y0.EE.STFY.T1YAEFSS/S0>Y0FY..E0=:;.E.YA.; 0<FY 0=.Y<F;0=*.<0.ETYAFE0SFT<YFAY0=.Y3S0>Y.T1Y0=.Y2`LY.E.Y<;<3.A0SD .Y0FY .T1< S1.YES<E<Y E.T@ST@YAEF/Y/F1.E.0.Y0FY-.E>Y=S@=JYNE..<Y<;<3.A0SD .Y0FY .T1< S1.Y.E.Y<=F*TYSTY [S@;E.Ya J 8JY2;<3.A0SD .Y.E..<YST3 ;1.Y0=F<.YS1.T0SAS.1YSTY0=.YW.T1Y\<.Y.T1Y8F//;TS0>Y eY8. SAFETS.YT.A.E0/.T0YFAY[FE.<0E>Y.T1Y[SE.YREF0.30SFTFY]S-.E<S1.Y 8F;T0>Y[SE.Y T.A.E 0/.T0Y 20E.0.@S3YR .T Y877bP 878bF Y =00ABeeE-3ASE.JFE@e<0.0SFT<NT1[;T30SFT<eN1/ST2AA0e20E.0.@S3R .TTST@eTF3;/.T0<e20 E.0.@S3R .T877bJA1AY Y r YR. /YT.<.E0YY;TS3SA. Y8F1.FY =00ABee***J:3F1.J;<e3F1.<eA. /1.<.E0e-S.*JA=Aj0FAS3k7lAE./.<kFAA Y sdrfhavfyvq ranf’a6lwfle3awrqf(vf3lenrf u eg(i(w5fwefCalifornr wf sr a(vfavqfnwrrufnleurnfm(wd(vfCalif ornr wf CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 112 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Character Element for development of new buildings and structures. As of 2015, no recent landslides had been reported in Palm Desert or the SOI. Local soil and fault characteristics also result in the potential for liquefaction. Liquefaction is the loss of soil strength caused by a sudden increase in pore water pressure during shaking and is one of the most destructive secondary effects of seismic shaking. The California Geological Survey does not identify liquefaction- susceptible areas for Palm Desert. However, the Riverside County Land Information System (Riverside County 2014) identifies that the majority of the city and the entire northern portion of the SOI are susceptible to moderate liquefaction potential. CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 111 mitigate, reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural and man-made hazards in the county and participating jurisdictions, including Palm Desert. As a contract city that receives fire services from Riverside County, which contracts with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal FIRE). The City’s fire response and preparedness planning is contained in the Riverside County Fire Department Strategic Plan3 prepared by the County and Cal FIRE. This plan outlines the activities necessary to reduce total government costs and citizen losses from wildland fires. A key component of this protection of assets at risk through focused pre-fire management prescriptions and increasing initial attack success. In addition, the City has adopted the California Fire Code with some adoptions within Chapter 15.264 of the Palm Desert Municipal Code. The adoptions within this Chapter are associated with local climatic, geologic, and topographical conditions within the City. Natural Hazards Seismic and Geologic Hazards Palm Desert is in a region bordered by mountain ranges on three sides. According to the state mapping of fault zones, pursuant to the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1972 (Public Resources Code Sections 2621–2630), the city and the sphere of influence (SOI) are not located in an active fault zone. Nonetheless, the area is bordered by three active faults. The closest fault to the community is the San Andreas Fault, located approximately four miles to the north. Other nearby faults include the San Jacinto Fault, located approximately 10 miles to the southwest, and the Elsinore Fault, located approximately 30 miles to the southwest. Figure 8.1 presents fault lines near Palm Desert and the sphere of influence. Fault rupture is a primary seismic hazard that describes the sudden release of energy which results from the sliding of one part of the earth’s crust past another. An earthquake, or ground shaking, is another type of primary seismic hazard. Thousands of earthquakes occur frequently in Southern California each year, although most do not cause significant damage or affect communities. The most recent earthquake in the Coachella Valley occurred on October 16, 1999, and registered as a magnitude (M) of 7.1. Relatively negligible damage was reported from the earthquake because of the epicenter’s remote location. Six major seismic events (magnitude 5.9 or greater) have been recorded in the Coachella Valley region in the past 100 years, with none occurring in Palm Desert (SCEC 2014). Although no active faults run through the community, Palm Desert’s soils and geologic characteristics result in other potential secondary seismic hazards. Due to a combination of steep slopes, unstable terrain, and proximity to earthquake faults, the southwestern portions of the city and the SOI are susceptible to landslide risks ranging from moderate to very high. Areas susceptible to landslide are shown in Figure 8.2. Susceptible areas include those identified in the Land Use and Community 3 California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Riverside County Fire Department Strategic Plan 2009-2029, http://rvcfire.org/stationsAndFunctions/AdminSppt/StrategicPlanning/Documents/St rategicPlan2009.pdf 4 Palm Desert Municipal Code, http://www.qcode.us/codes/palmdesert/view.php?topic=0&frames=off The San Andreas Fault located in close proximity to Palm Desert Terrain and steep slopes within Palm Desert CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 112 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Character Element for development of new buildings and structures. As of 2015, no recent landslides had been reported in Palm Desert or the SOI. Local soil and fault characteristics also result in the potential for liquefaction. Liquefaction is the loss of soil strength caused by a sudden increase in pore water pressure during shaking and is one of the most destructive secondary effects of seismic shaking. The California Geological Survey does not identify liquefaction- susceptible areas for Palm Desert. However, the Riverside County Land Information System (Riverside County 2014) identifies that the majority of the city and the entire northern portion of the SOI are susceptible to moderate liquefaction potential. CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 115 Wind Erosion Erosion is a normal geologic process whereby earth materials are loosened, worn away, decomposed, or dissolved and are removed from one place and transported to another. The City of Palm Desert and the SOI face exposure to potential erosion hazards due to wind. The geologic orientation of the hills and mountain ranges throughout the community provide little resistance to air flow down the Coachella Valley, resulting in increased rates of erosion. For example, the narrow San Gorgonio Pass actually accelerates the wind speed and further increases erosion rates. Other factors in the community exacerbate the potential for wind-blown sand hazards. Local bedrock is characterized by granite and metamorphic rock types, which are easily transported by the wind. Wind-blown hazards also follow slope and floodplains. Due to sparse desert vegetation, little groundcover exists to hold materials in place (County of Riverside 2000). As shown in Figure 8.3, the greatest areas of potential wind-blown hazards are located alongside the sand dunes on Highway I-10 and the Whitewater River. CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 116 | CITY OF PALM DESERT C Figure 8.3 Wind Erosion Hazard CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 115 Wind Erosion Erosion is a normal geologic process whereby earth materials are loosened, worn away, decomposed, or dissolved and are removed from one place and transported to another. The City of Palm Desert and the SOI face exposure to potential erosion hazards due to wind. The geologic orientation of the hills and mountain ranges throughout the community provide little resistance to air flow down the Coachella Valley, resulting in increased rates of erosion. For example, the narrow San Gorgonio Pass actually accelerates the wind speed and further increases erosion rates. Other factors in the community exacerbate the potential for wind-blown sand hazards. Local bedrock is characterized by granite and metamorphic rock types, which are easily transported by the wind. Wind-blown hazards also follow slope and floodplains. Due to sparse desert vegetation, little groundcover exists to hold materials in place (County of Riverside 2000). As shown in Figure 8.3, the greatest areas of potential wind-blown hazards are located alongside the sand dunes on Highway I-10 and the Whitewater River. CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 116 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Figure 8.3 Wind Erosion Hazard CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 119 CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 120 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Fire Palm Desert and the SOI are exposed to fire-related hazards from two potential sources: wildfires and fires that occur in urban settings. Fire hazards are highest in areas of the community near the wildland-urban interface (WUI). The WUI refers to areas where development abuts areas of wilderness or landscapes with higher fuel loads. Although Palm Desert does not have record of any reported fire incidents, the Riverside County LHMP indicates that from 2001 to 2017, at least 88 large fires (300 acres or greater in size) were reported in the county. Figure 8-5 presents the fire hazard severity zones in the City of Palm Desert and SOI. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) classified fire hazard severity zones based on fuel load, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. The mapping also involved an extensive local review process, including by the Riverside County Fire Department based on an assessment of vegetation, slope, fire history, weather patterns, and the effects of flames, heat and flying fire embers. Collectively, areas designated in the fire hazard severity zones on Figure 8.5 face the highest risk of wildfires. Areas of local and state responsibility in these fire hazard severity zones are shown in Figure 8.5. All areas of the community in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) and High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (HFHSZ) are located in the southern areas of the city and the SOI, with very limited VHFHSZ and HFHSZ in SRAs along the city’s urban edge (Cal Fire 2020). Within the city limits, the VHFHSZ overlaps minimally with some single-family residences on Canyon View Drive and Desert Vista Drive; however, there is no developable land in the VHFHSZ as it contains marginal hillside area behind single family residences and does not have any development potential. The small area of HFHSZ within the city limits covers undeveloped desert land and an aboveground water tank and has no development potential. Currently, the main evacuation route in the area is via Canyon View Drive, which will lead to Portola Avenue and Highway 74. A secondary evacuation route is available at the eastern end of Ridge View Way, via an access road along the eastern boundary of the Ironwood Country Club, to continue north or east into the roadway network. These areas that encroach into SRA/VHFHSZ within the city meet the minimum standard of two emergency evacuation routes as established in Government Code Section 65302.g. In the SOI, some single-family homes in Cahuilla Hills west of Highway 74 are located within the VHFHSZ, and some are limited to one local street leading to Highway 74 as an evacuation route. As urbanization expands south of Highway 111 in the southern portion of the SOI, the community will face heightened exposure to areas vulnerable to wildfire hazards. Increased infill and nonresidential development in the city can also increase the probability of urban fires due to increased potential for hazardous materials accidents, arson or other hazard events. Five federal agencies are responsible for wildland fire management—U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service. Both state and local codes regulate the abatement of fire-related hazards. The California Health and Safety Code includes requirements for local jurisdictions to adopt and enforce the Uniform Building Code, including fire-related construction methods and exterior design measures. Special standards apply to structures in the state’s designated fire hazard severity zones. CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 119 Figure 8.4 FEMA Flood Zones CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 120 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Fire Palm Desert and the SOI are exposed to fire-related hazards from two potential sources: wildfires and fires that occur in urban settings. Fire hazards are highest in areas of the community near the wildland-urban interface (WUI). The WUI refers to areas where development abuts areas of wilderness or landscapes with higher fuel loads. Although Palm Desert does not have record of any reported fire incidents, the Riverside County LHMP indicates that from 2001 to 2017, at least 88 large fires (300 acres or greater in size) were reported in the county. Figure 8-5 presents the fire hazard severity zones in the City of Palm Desert and SOI. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) classified fire hazard severity zones based on fuel load, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. The mapping also involved an extensive local review process, including by the Riverside County Fire Department based on an assessment of vegetation, slope, fire history, weather patterns, and the effects of flames, heat and flying fire embers. Collectively, areas designated in the fire hazard severity zones on Figure 8.5 face the highest risk of wildfires. Areas of local and state responsibility in these fire hazard severity zones are shown in Figure 8.5. All areas of the community in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (VHFHSZ) and High Fire Hazard Severity Zone (HFHSZ) are located in the southern areas of the city and the SOI, with very limited VHFHSZ and HFHSZ in SRAs along the city’s urban edge (Cal Fire 2020). Within the city limits, the VHFHSZ overlaps minimally with some single-family residences on Canyon View Drive and Desert Vista Drive; however, there is no developable land in the VHFHSZ as it contains marginal hillside area behind single family residences and does not have any development potential. The small area of HFHSZ within the city limits covers undeveloped desert land and an aboveground water tank and has no development potential. Currently, the main evacuation route in the area is via Canyon View Drive, which will lead to Portola Avenue and Highway 74. A secondary evacuation route is available at the eastern end of Ridge View Way, via an access road along the eastern boundary of the Ironwood Country Club, to continue north or east into the roadway network. These areas that encroach into SRA/VHFHSZ within the city meet the minimum standard of two emergency evacuation routes as established in Government Code Section 65302.g. In the SOI, some single-family homes in Cahuilla Hills west of Highway 74 are located within the VHFHSZ, and some are limited to one local street leading to Highway 74 as an evacuation route. As urbanization expands south of Highway 111 in the southern portion of the SOI, the community will face heightened exposure to areas vulnerable to wildfire hazards. Increased infill and nonresidential development in the city can also increase the probability of urban fires due to increased potential for hazardous materials accidents, arson or other hazard events. Five federal agencies are responsible for wildland fire management—U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service. Both state and local codes regulate the abatement of fire-related hazards. The California Health and Safety Code includes requirements for local jurisdictions to adopt and enforce the Uniform Building Code, including fire-related construction methods and exterior design measures. Special standards apply to structures in the state’s designated fire hazard severity zones. CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 123 Extreme Heat The climate in Palm Desert is hot and arid. Exposure to extreme heat or extended periods of high temperatures results in a variety of health effects, including increased heat-related mortality (Chestnut et al. 1998; Medina-Ramon et al. 2006). Because of a changing climate, Palm Desert is anticipated to experience increasing levels of heat. By 2100, the Riverside County region is anticipated to experience an increase ranging from 4.3°F to 8.7°F (Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2018). Similarly, Palm Desert is anticipated to experience an increase in the number of days when temperature exceeds 112.1°F, the local threshold for extreme heat. While Palm Desert’s historic number of extreme heat days through 2011 was four occurrences per year, by 2050 the number of extreme heat days could increase to 56 per year, on an average of 21 to 25 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2009 & 2018). Increased heat, when combined with drought and high winds, can exacerbate wildfire risk in and around Palm Desert. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation As described in Chapter 6 Environmental Resources and above, climate change can have widespread impacts at different levels on the community. Climate change impacts temperature, precipitation and other natural processes, thus potentially affecting natural hazards including wildfire, flood, and extreme weather. Similar to the state trend, the projections show little variation in total annual precipitation in Palm Desert throughout this century. Palm Desert had an average annual rainfall of 3.8 inches during 1961 to 1990, which is almost 79 percent less than the average in California. Average rainfall in Palm Desert is predicted to increase up to 0.1 inches, with a 0.051 inches to 0.099 inches increase in maximum one-day precipitation throughout the century. These projected changes in precipitation are not expected to have a significant impact on Palm Desert compared to the current conditions. However, the maximum length of dry spell (days with precipitation < 1 mm) is projected to increase by 8 to 13 days in mid-century (2035- 2064), which can further drought and related hazards including wildfire. Hazardous Materials A hazardous material is any material that, due to its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, and any material that a business or local implementing agency has a reasonable basis to believe would be injurious to the health and safety of persons or would be harmful to the environment if released. While Palm Desert has nonresidential land uses, it has very few generators of hazardous or toxic materials. Potential uses associated with possible hazardous materials production may include commercial, quasi-industrial or medical operations. The city and SOI have one abandoned hazardous waste site that is designated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Superfund site (EPA 2014). The site, Enfield Chemical, is located at 77539 Enfield Court, just south of CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 124 | CITY OF PALM DESERT I-10 in Palm Desert. Although listed as a Superfund site, this site is not on the EPA National Priority List for cleanup, and only requires site cleanup and material removal. The potential for exposure to potentially hazardous materials in Palm Desert results primarily from the transport of hazardous materials. As of 2015, one registered transporter of hazardous materials is located in the community. In addition, major transportation corridors such as I-10 may be used to transport hazardous materials; accidents could result in release of hazardous materials. Major natural gas transmission lines provide another potential source of hazardous materials exposure. As of 2012, transmission lines for natural gas run parallel approximately two miles north of I-10 and transmission lines for hazardous liquid are located along the I-10 corridor (PHMSA 2012). The City jointly participated with Riverside County and other jurisdictions to adopt the Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan. The plan supports the safe management of hazardous materials and waste products with identification of types of wastes and programs to manage them. Airport Operations Hazards Hazards from airports can result from accidents during takeoff and landing. Airports can also pose issues associated with land use incompatibilities. Bermuda Dunes Airport is the closest airport to the city and is located within the SOI. This privately owned public use airport encompasses over 90 acres. For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2014, the airport had approximately 27,000 aircraft flights at an average of 74 per day. Terrorism and Civil Disturbances Numerous targets and locations for potential terrorist and civil disturbances are present throughout California and Riverside County. Areas that may serve as targets include government facilities, schools, religious institutions, gathering places (for example, shopping centers, entertainment venues), medical clinics, utility infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, water storage facilities, locations of high-profile individuals, and financial institutions. Palm Desert contains potential target locations such as these and is regionally located near others. The Riverside County Emergency Management Office is actively involved with planning for terrorism and other human-caused events. Due to the sensitive nature of these threats, they are not addressed in extensive detail in this public document. Critical Facilities Critical facilities provide essential community functions that the City has prioritized as meriting additional attention for emergency preparation. These can include both public and private assets. Critical facilities identified in the City’s LHMP include City Hall, local fire stations, the Sheriff’s Station, the Palm Desert Corporation Yard, local schools, the waste water treatment plant, and the Joslyn Center. LPrdSrgcp ldrb1dragrtt 1ga Fiidayg1uyig The City of Palm Desert actively prepares to safeguard the community from the numerous potential hazards that could occur. The City undertakes several emergency preparedness activities, establishing procedures and responsibilities for CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 123 Extreme Heat The climate in Palm Desert is hot and arid. Exposure to extreme heat or extended periods of high temperatures results in a variety of health effects, including increased heat-related mortality (Chestnut et al. 1998; Medina-Ramon et al. 2006). Because of a changing climate, Palm Desert is anticipated to experience increasing levels of heat. By 2100, the Riverside County region is anticipated to experience an increase ranging from 4.3°F to 8.7°F (Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2018). Similarly, Palm Desert is anticipated to experience an increase in the number of days when temperature exceeds 112.1°F, the local threshold for extreme heat. While Palm Desert’s historic number of extreme heat days through 2011 was four occurrences per year, by 2050 the number of extreme heat days could increase to 56 per year, on an average of 21 to 25 (Scripps Institution of Oceanography 2009 & 2018). Increased heat, when combined with drought and high winds, can exacerbate wildfire risk in and around Palm Desert. Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation As described in Chapter 6 Environmental Resources and above, climate change can have widespread impacts at different levels on the community. Climate change impacts temperature, precipitation and other natural processes, thus potentially affecting natural hazards including wildfire, flood, and extreme weather. Similar to the state trend, the projections show little variation in total annual precipitation in Palm Desert throughout this century. Palm Desert had an average annual rainfall of 3.8 inches during 1961 to 1990, which is almost 79 percent less than the average in California. Average rainfall in Palm Desert is predicted to increase up to 0.1 inches, with a 0.051 inches to 0.099 inches increase in maximum one-day precipitation throughout the century. These projected changes in precipitation are not expected to have a significant impact on Palm Desert compared to the current conditions. However, the maximum length of dry spell (days with precipitation < 1 mm) is projected to increase by 8 to 13 days in mid-century (2035- 2064), which can further drought and related hazards including wildfire. Human-Caused and Other Hazards Hazardous Materials A hazardous material is any material that, due to its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health and safety or to the environment if released. Hazardous materials include, but are not limited to, hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, and any material that a business or local implementing agency has a reasonable basis to believe would be injurious to the health and safety of persons or would be harmful to the environment if released. While Palm Desert has nonresidential land uses, it has very few generators of hazardous or toxic materials. Potential uses associated with possible hazardous materials production may include commercial, quasi-industrial or medical operations. The city and SOI have one abandoned hazardous waste site that is designated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Superfund site (EPA 2014). The site, Enfield Chemical, is located at 77539 Enfield Court, just south of CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 124 | CITY OF PALM DESERT I-10 in Palm Desert. Although listed as a Superfund site, this site is not on the EPA National Priority List for cleanup, and only requires site cleanup and material removal. The potential for exposure to potentially hazardous materials in Palm Desert results primarily from the transport of hazardous materials. As of 2015, one registered transporter of hazardous materials is located in the community. In addition, major transportation corridors such as I-10 may be used to transport hazardous materials; accidents could result in release of hazardous materials. Major natural gas transmission lines provide another potential source of hazardous materials exposure. As of 2012, transmission lines for natural gas run parallel approximately two miles north of I-10 and transmission lines for hazardous liquid are located along the I-10 corridor (PHMSA 2012). The City jointly participated with Riverside County and other jurisdictions to adopt the Riverside County Hazardous Waste Management Plan. The plan supports the safe management of hazardous materials and waste products with identification of types of wastes and programs to manage them. Airport Operations Hazards Hazards from airports can result from accidents during takeoff and landing. Airports can also pose issues associated with land use incompatibilities. Bermuda Dunes Airport is the closest airport to the city and is located within the SOI. This privately owned public use airport encompasses over 90 acres. For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2014, the airport had approximately 27,000 aircraft flights at an average of 74 per day. Terrorism and Civil Disturbances Numerous targets and locations for potential terrorist and civil disturbances are present throughout California and Riverside County. Areas that may serve as targets include government facilities, schools, religious institutions, gathering places (for example, shopping centers, entertainment venues), medical clinics, utility infrastructure, transportation infrastructure, water storage facilities, locations of high-profile individuals, and financial institutions. Palm Desert contains potential target locations such as these and is regionally located near others. The Riverside County Emergency Management Office is actively involved with planning for terrorism and other human-caused events. Due to the sensitive nature of these threats, they are not addressed in extensive detail in this public document. Critical Facilities Critical facilities provide essential community functions that the City has prioritized as meriting additional attention for emergency preparation. These can include both public and private assets. Critical facilities identified in the City’s LHMP include City Hall, local fire stations, the Sheriff’s Station, the Palm Desert Corporation Yard, local schools, the waste water treatment plant, and the Joslyn Center. Emergency Preparedness and Coordination The City of Palm Desert actively prepares to safeguard the community from the numerous potential hazards that could occur. The City undertakes several emergency preparedness activities, establishing procedures and responsibilities for CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 127 In 2013, the RCFD responded to 133,536 total incidents and 8,172 calls for service in Palm Desert. The average en-route-to-on-scene response time was 3.6 minutes, with 86.2 percent of call response under 5 minutes. There are no service gaps in the city. All areas within the city, including those in SRAs/VHFHSZ, receive adequate emergency services. Flood Services Countywide, flood control services are provided by the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. The district has the responsibility of protecting people, property and watersheds in the county from flood damage. District tasks include regulation of drainage and development in the floodplain, the construction of channels and flood facilities, and flood warning and early detection. Both the Coachella Valley Water District and the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District are responsible for the management of regional drainage within and in the vicinity of Palm Desert, including rivers, major streams and their tributaries, and areas of significant sheet flooding. The City participates in stormwater management related to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). For purposes of NPDES permits, the City serves as a co-permittee with the County of Riverside, CVWD, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, and municipalities in the Whitewater River subbasin. Police Services The Riverside County Sheriff’s Department provides contract services in Palm Desert and the SOI as the Palm Desert Police Department (PDPD). Services include general law enforcement and police protection services. As of early 2015, the PDPD operated with 81 staff members. Regional Services and Coordination The City of Palm Desert participates in regional forums to monitor and coordinate emergency preparation tasks. The City participates in the Coachella Valley Emergency Managers Association, in addition to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments’ (CVAG) Public Safety Group. Both forums provide an opportunity to identify and prepare regional evacuation routes and other key emergency response tasks. In coordination with the RCFD Office of Emergency Services, the City of Palm Desert also plans for extreme heat conditions. Together with the County, the City operates two local cooling stations during extreme heat occurrences: the Joslyn Center located at 73750 Catalina Way, and the Palm Desert Community Center located at 43900 San Pablo Avenue. These cooling centers offer a safe, air-conditioned space in times of extreme heat. CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 128 | CITY OF PALM DESERT cGw6Srwd5r3G6f0flSrr umO clRc AgOpgstvWdRcEWrLc gOpgstvWdcrvOrcdsmfmrgtc -m OwmsOrWmechWrvWecrvgcsgkWmecrvOrctotrOWetc fOnWfofcsgtW Wge-gcrmcgfgskge-WgtcOepcpWtOtrgstRcc Policies c c CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 127 In 2013, the RCFD responded to 133,536 total incidents and 8,172 calls for service in Palm Desert. The average en-route-to-on-scene response time was 3.6 minutes, with 86.2 percent of call response under 5 minutes. There are no service gaps in the city. All areas within the city, including those in SRAs/VHFHSZ, receive adequate emergency services. Flood Services Countywide, flood control services are provided by the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. The district has the responsibility of protecting people, property and watersheds in the county from flood damage. District tasks include regulation of drainage and development in the floodplain, the construction of channels and flood facilities, and flood warning and early detection. Both the Coachella Valley Water District and the Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District are responsible for the management of regional drainage within and in the vicinity of Palm Desert, including rivers, major streams and their tributaries, and areas of significant sheet flooding. The City participates in stormwater management related to the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). For purposes of NPDES permits, the City serves as a co-permittee with the County of Riverside, CVWD, Riverside County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, and municipalities in the Whitewater River subbasin. Police Services The Riverside County Sheriff’s Department provides contract services in Palm Desert and the SOI as the Palm Desert Police Department (PDPD). Services include general law enforcement and police protection services. As of early 2015, the PDPD operated with 81 staff members. Regional Services and Coordination The City of Palm Desert participates in regional forums to monitor and coordinate emergency preparation tasks. The City participates in the Coachella Valley Emergency Managers Association, in addition to the Coachella Valley Association of Governments’ (CVAG) Public Safety Group. Both forums provide an opportunity to identify and prepare regional evacuation routes and other key emergency response tasks. In coordination with the RCFD Office of Emergency Services, the City of Palm Desert also plans for extreme heat conditions. Together with the County, the City operates two local cooling stations during extreme heat occurrences: the Joslyn Center located at 73750 Catalina Way, and the Palm Desert Community Center located at 43900 San Pablo Avenue. These cooling centers offer a safe, air-conditioned space in times of extreme heat. CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 128 | CITY OF PALM DESERT Goals and Policies Goal 1. Leadership. City leadership that promotes collaboration within the region that sustains maximum resilience to emergencies and disasters. Policies 1.1 Hazards Information. Establish and maintain a database containing maps and other information that identifies and describes the community’s hazards. 1.2 Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. Maintain and regularly update the City’s Local Hazard Mitigation Plan (LHMP) as an integrated component of the General Plan, in coordination with Riverside County and other participating jurisdictions, to maintain eligibility for maximum grant funding. 1.3 Hazards Education. Consult with agencies and partners to provide public education materials on safe locations and evacuation routes in case of emergency or hazardous event. 1.4 Critical Facilities. Prepare existing critical facilities for resilience to hazards and develop new facilities outside of hazard-prone areas. 1.5 Emergency Plans and Processes. Consult with the Coachella Valley Emergency Managers Association and CVAG to maintain and update the City’s Emergency Operations Plan, and maintain SEMS compliant disaster preparedness plans for evacuation and supply routes, communications networks, and critical facilities’ capabilities. 1.6 Utility Reliability. Coordinate with providers and agencies including the CVWD and Southern California Edison for access to reliable utilities and water supply to minimize potential impacts of hazards and emergencies to pipelines and infrastructure. 1.7 Citizen Preparedness. Continue to promote citizen-based disaster preparedness and emergency response through Riverside County’s Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) training and certifications. CHAPTER 8: SAFETY GENERAL PLAN | 131 poT 1 51Incll1dure-nEyA-rmnGemr-rur1lonWhen planning new essential public facilities for the SOI,navoid locations within any state responsibility area or very high fire hazard severity zone. If not possible, mandate construction methods or other measures to ensure minimal damage to the facilities. n poU 1 c3rlurdhnR1P1-skN1dunrdnGr 1ntexe RnSsd1lonDirectnthe Planning Department Code Compliance Division to identify and track properties that are not in conformance with contemporary fire safe standards adopted by the City, especially of road standards and vegetative hazard. Reach out to these property owners during redevelopment or other permitting processes to work out a mitigation plan to achieve conformance. poCV1 21 R1P1-skN1dunrdnGr 1ntexe RnSsd1lonRequire all redevelopment in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) to comply with the latest California Building Standards Code (Title 24), including the California Fire Code (Part 9). Coordinate with the Fire Department on evaluation of rebuilding after a large fire and require implementation of fire safe design and additional measures where necessary. poCC1 zsdhnW1 NnGr 1ntexe Rn21RymursdonCoordinatenwith the Fire Department and consult with private property owners, homeowner associations and other organizations to identify roadside fuel reduction plan, otherwise provide for the long-term maintenance of defensible space clearances around structures, and include fire breaks in the VHFHSZ where appropriate. Policies .oCn c3u 1N1nt1eunXy-d1 eAr-rur1lonAnalyze and address groups with vulnerabilities to extreme heat, including youth, the elderly, nursing homes, or communities with older structures that lack adequate air conditioning. n .oHn cRymeursdnsdnc3u 1N1nt1euonEducate visitors and residents on the risks of extreme heat using brochures, public service announcements, and other methods.nn .ogn Fem4ykn1d1 hLnlsy m1lonObtain and install backup power equipment for critical public facilities to ensure they are functional during a power failure that might result from extreme weather.n .opn F1-sInh sydRnyur-rur1lonProvide information and education to encourage private stakeholders with formation of assessment districts that would finance and replace overhead electric lines with subsurface lines that will not be affected by fallen trees and branches during windstorms.nn .o.n W 11nu rNNrdhonSupport utility companies in their enforcement of the national guidelines on tree trimming and vegetation management CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 132 | CITY OF PALM DESERT around electric transmission and communication lines to prevent or reduce the potential for felled branches or trees to cause power outages and disrupted communications. 5.6 Wind barriers. Encourage the preservation and establishment of additional wind barriers in the form of hedges and tree lines to reduce the effects of dust and sand. Goal 6. Human-caused hazards and hazardous materials. A safe community with minimal risk from hazardous materials and human-caused hazards. Policies 6.1 Site Remediation. Encourage and facilitate the adequate and timely cleanup of existing and future contaminated sites and the compatibility of future land uses. 6.2 Airport Hazards. Upon annexation of areas within the Bermuda Dunes Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan Area, adopt and implement airport compatibility zones for protection of people and property. 6.3 Airport compatibility. Require new development in the vicinity of Bermuda Dunes Airport to conform to the County’s airport land use and safety plans. Notwithstanding the allowable land use intensities and densities set forth by the Land Use and Community Character Element, there may be more restrictive density and intensity limitations on land use and development parameters, as set forth by the Airport Land Use and Compatibility Plan. Additionally, per the Airport Land Use Plan, there may be additional limits, restrictions, and requirements, such as aviation easements, height limits, occupancy limits, and deed restrictions, required of new developments within the vicinity of the airport. 6.4 Wildlife Hazards Study. New developments proposing golf course or significant open space and/or water features shall prepare a wildlife hazard study if the site is within the Airport Influence Area. 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Direct the Planning Department Code Compliance Division to identify and track properties that are not in conformance with contemporary fire safe standards adopted by the City, especially of road standards and vegetative hazard. Reach out to these property owners during redevelopment or other permitting processes to work out a mitigation plan to achieve conformance. 4.10 Redevelopment in Fire Hazard Zones. Require all redevelopment in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) to comply with the latest California Building Standards Code (Title 24), including the California Fire Code (Part 9). Coordinate with the Fire Department on evaluation of rebuilding after a large fire and require implementation of fire safe design and additional measures where necessary. 4.11 Long Term Fire Hazard Reduction. Coordinate with the Fire Department and consult with private property owners, homeowner associations and other organizations to identify roadside fuel reduction plan, otherwise provide for the long-term maintenance of defensible space clearances around structures, and include fire breaks in the VHFHSZ where appropriate. Goal 5. Extreme weather. Improved quality of life for residents, workers, and visitors during extreme heat events. Policies 5.1 Extreme Heat Vulnerabilities. Analyze and address groups with vulnerabilities to extreme heat, including youth, the elderly, nursing homes, or communities with older structures that lack adequate air conditioning. 5.2 Education on Extreme Heat. Educate visitors and residents on the risks of extreme heat using brochures, public service announcements, and other methods. 5.3 Backup energy sources. Obtain and install backup power equipment for critical public facilities to ensure they are functional during a power failure that might result from extreme weather. 5.4 Below ground utilities. Provide information and education to encourage private stakeholders with formation of assessment districts that would finance and replace overhead electric lines with subsurface lines that will not be affected by fallen trees and branches during windstorms. 5.5 Tree trimming. Support utility companies in their enforcement of the national guidelines on tree trimming and vegetation management CHAPTER 8: GENERAL PLAN 132 | CITY OF PALM DESERT around electric transmission and communication lines to prevent or reduce the potential for felled branches or trees to cause power outages and disrupted communications. 5.6 Wind barriers. Encourage the preservation and establishment of additional wind barriers in the form of hedges and tree lines to reduce the effects of dust and sand. Goal 6. Human-caused hazards and hazardous materials. A safe community with minimal risk from hazardous materials and human-caused hazards. Policies 6.1 Site Remediation. Encourage and facilitate the adequate and timely cleanup of existing and future contaminated sites and the compatibility of future land uses. 6.2 Airport Hazards. Upon annexation of areas within the Bermuda Dunes Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan Area, adopt and implement airport compatibility zones for protection of people and property. 6.3 Airport compatibility. Require new development in the vicinity of Bermuda Dunes Airport to conform to the County’s airport land use and safety plans. Notwithstanding the allowable land use intensities and densities set forth by the Land Use and Community Character Element, there may be more restrictive density and intensity limitations on land use and development parameters, as set forth by the Airport Land Use and Compatibility Plan. Additionally, per the Airport Land Use Plan, there may be additional limits, restrictions, and requirements, such as aviation easements, height limits, occupancy limits, and deed restrictions, required of new developments within the vicinity of the airport. 6.4 Wildlife Hazards Study. New developments proposing golf course or significant open space and/or water features shall prepare a wildlife hazard study if the site is within the Airport Influence Area. 6.5 Airport Land Use Commission Review. Before the adoption or amendment of this General Plan, any specific plan, the adoption or amendment of a zoning ordinance or building regulation within the planning boundary of the airport land use compatibility plan, refer proposed actions for review, determination and processing by the Riverside County Airport Land Use Commission as provided by the Airport Land Use Law. 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